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[Music]

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hey everybody welcome to the great lakes

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science center i'm john dar that science

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guy and we are here in our virtual

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control room waiting on word for an

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update from the perseverance rover that

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is currently cruising to the planet mars

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we have got an exciting day set for you

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today we're going to be following that

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that that vehicle as it makes us

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approach and it's landing on the surface

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of mars later on today it's going to be

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an exciting time we've got

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we've got some great subject matter

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experts that are going to drop by and

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share with you uh some of their work and

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some of the things that they've done to

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support this particular mission we'll be

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able to answer some of your questions

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some of the most common questions about

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mars we even take a look at the landing

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site for this particular mission and of

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course we'll be talking all day about

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the perseverance rover now this is an

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incredible machine it's uh it's nearly a

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ton and weight it's about the size

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of an suv and it's going to be landing

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today on the surface of mars we've got

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so much in store for you if you want a

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full schedule of today's events you can

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go to our website that's

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and all the information will be there

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for you oh and don't forget we do have

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an opportunity for those of you that are

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watching to participate in a hands-on

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science experiment if you don't know

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about this yet go ahead and take a look

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at our website go to the link that's

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there and it'll tell you everything that

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you need to gather in order to be able

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to conduct this experiment later on

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today it's going to be a lot of fun it's

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an official nasa design challenge and

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it's one that you don't want to miss

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so the

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perseverance rover

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is the next generation robotic

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explorer that will be on the surface of

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the red planet we are so excited about

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it now it has the same body the same

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chassis as the curiosity rover that

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landed uh nine years ago but this has

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got all new scientific instruments and

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throughout the day we'll be talking

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about some of those different

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instruments and telling you about some

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of the experiments that this new rover

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is going to be conducting once it once

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it lands on mars we'll also talk about

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the landing sequence as well there are

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well

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when you have something this heavy again

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it's about a ton in weight and you're

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trying to set it down on the surface of

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mars there's tons of things that can go

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wrong every single thing

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has to go right in that landing sequence

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for it to end up upright on the surface

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of mars when it enters the atmosphere

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it'll be moving at close to 1200 miles

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an hour

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moving at that speed and getting it all

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the way down to zero

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doesn't take luck it takes skill and

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some of the engineers that have worked

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on this vehicle the programmers that are

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involved they've applied all of their

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knowledge everything that we know into

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this incredible machine

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if all goes well it's going to be on the

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surface of mars this afternoon

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now earth and mars well they're about

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300 million miles apart and at that

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distance it's going to take about 14

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minutes for a signal from the robot to

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reach us here at our mission control

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center but when we get that word we'll

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share it with you

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hopefully if all goes well

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we'll be able to show you some pictures

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from this new rover as it begins to

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explore the martian frontier

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all that to be said we've got uh again a

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lot that's stored up for you uh or a lot

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of things that that we'll be doing today

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and i hope that you will look forward to

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it um

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again with regards to that schedule at

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uh 11 15 our first subject matter expert

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will be joining us uh they'll be talking

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about communications and how we stay

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connected to the rover a little bit

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later on we'll be talking about the

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power system that will be used in that

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that specific rover and then of course

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we'll be talking later on today about

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the parachute decelerator system how we

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uh how we get that robot to uh slow down

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so it will be able to land on the

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surface in one piece

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i did i did mention that parachute

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design challenge the design challenge is

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currently scheduled for about 1 pm this

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afternoon so you want to make sure that

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you find out what you need so that you

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can do that experiment too in fact we've

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got a great nasa contractor roger storm

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you'll be joining us to uh to lead that

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particular activity it's going to be a

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lot of fun a lot of fun

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and of course there'll be opportunities

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to share

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your uh your solution to this

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engineering design challenge with us

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and uh and again we'll be telling you a

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little bit more about that uh here in a

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bit

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five minutes into our our coverage of

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today's landing and we want to remind

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you that uh this has been years in the

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making earth and mars are in two

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different orbits and the two planets

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come close together only once

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every two years

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so

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it's taken a lot of planning a lot of

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time to make sure that this robot is

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ready to go and it was launched back in

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july july 30th was when it took off from

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the kennedy space center and it's

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currently enroute to mars we're just

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minutes away from our first subject

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matter expert guest give me a moment to

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tell you a little bit about this uh this

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extraordinary person

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um

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this will be dr daniel rabel and he'll

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be here to discuss communications with

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mars and the challenges associated with

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sending and receiving messages

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throughout our entire solar system

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daniel is with the space communications

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and navigation network

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and one of the nasa field centers that

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supports the work of scan is the nasa

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glenn research center right here in

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cleveland ohio

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with that being said let's go and let's

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meet up with dr daniel

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looks like it's going to take a moment

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for uh for daniel to make that

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connection so we'll uh we'll keep on

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going um it's a really extraordinary

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when it comes to uh communications with

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objects so far away again the farther

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away you go the longer it takes for

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those signals to travel back and forth

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and that'll be one of the key things

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once we look towards the landing of this

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vehicle because earth and mars are so

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far away when the lander enters the

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atmosphere on its way down to the

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planet's surface it's going to literally

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be on its own remember what i said

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before

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it takes 14 minutes at this particular

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distance for a signal to get from mars

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all the way back to earth so by the time

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the the lander has signaled us that it's

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entering the atmosphere

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in reality it will already be on the

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surface the real question is will it be

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in pieces scattered across the terrain

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or will it be upright and in one piece

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nasa technicians scientists and

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engineers call this the seven

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minutes of terror because it takes seven

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minutes from the top of the atmosphere

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to get all the way down to the surface

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of mars

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and all we can do is wait

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the robot has been probed the landing

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system will be fully engaged but the

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robot will be operating on its own using

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its on-board sensors and its programming

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to get it from above the atmosphere down

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to the planet's surface it's going to be

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extraordinary and it'll be a nail-biting

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experience as we get closer to that

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actual landing and once we have word

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that the vehicle is actually entering

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the atmosphere we're going to depth in

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detail explaining what's going on in

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fact at that time we'll even have an

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animation to show you that will show

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each and every step that it will take to

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get the vehicle down to the surface of

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the red planet

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on this particular rover are a number of

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exciting experiments one of them that

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i'm very excited about is a mars

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helicopter that's right you heard me

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correctly it's an aerial drone and for

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the very first time we're going to

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launch an aerial drone on another world

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now mars has an extremely thin

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atmosphere so this particular robotic

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drone had to be designed with that in

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mind extra-large propellers moving at

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very high speeds will hopefully give it

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enough lifts to carry it a short

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distance into the air if it works well

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future missions will be able to do

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aerial reconnaissance of various

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locations once the uh rover sets down on

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the surface of mars by the way this

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particular rover has a unique mission

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among the many things that it's going to

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be doing it's going to be um gathering

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core samples

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you know it's amazing you can tell a lot

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about the geographic and the geologic

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history rather of a planet by drilling

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down into the soil and pulling up that

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core sample

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once you pull that that that coring up

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you can look at the individual layers

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and you can see what happened over time

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on the planet's surface well

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the perseverance rover is going to be

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doing this and not only will it be

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drilling these core samples it's going

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to be storing those core samples

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inside tubes that will be stashed and

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cached all across the planet's surface a

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future robotic mission will go there to

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retrieve those samples and eventually

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bring them back to earth that's right

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we'll have pieces of mars right here on

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so much that's going on today so many

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exciting things that are going on

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and of course a uh if you do have

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questions about anything that you see

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today you can always uh you can always

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feel free to contact us through

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social media and uh once we have those

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we'll do our best to answer some of

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those questions for you i know that my

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granddaughters had quite a few questions

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and we hope to be able to answer those

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questions for them as well it's going to

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be an exciting day packed with all kinds

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of neat stuff so make sure that you stay

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with us all day long we've got some

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great stuff for you

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once again if you need our website it's

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greatscience.com

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and once you go there you'll be able to

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uh to access through the

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special events page you'll be able to

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access our full schedule for today all

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the things that we've got planned and

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that way you can you can plan

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accordingly

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i can't wait it's going to be an

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once again in just a few minutes our

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first guest will be joining us

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and they'll be here to tell us a little

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bit about the space communications and

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navigation network

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that's set up they're actually three

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huge satellites that are about 120

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00:11:31,030 --> 00:11:28,160
degrees apart all the way around the

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globe and those satellites allow us to

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uh to stay in contact with deep space

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vehicles both human intended vehicles as

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we prepare to go back to the moon and

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our deep space probes like the

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perseverance rover very shortly will be

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on the surface of mars there are i

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believe nine nasa field centers that

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supports the network and the nasa glenn

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research center right here in cleveland

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ohio is one of them once again you're

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watching live coverage of today's

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00:12:03,590 --> 00:12:00,959
landing of the perseverance rover we're

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coming to you from the nasa glenn

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research center's own visitor center

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it's housed right here inside the great

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lakes science center on the shores of

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beautiful lake erie my name is john dar

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i'll be your host for the next several

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hours as we follow the progress of the

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once again for those of you who are just

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joining us perseverance was launched

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back on july 30th from cape canaveral

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air force station in florida and it was

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launched aboard an atlas v rocket this

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is one of the most powerful rockets that

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we have and it's able to deliver a

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after launch and staging the spacecraft

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began its seven month interplanetary

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cruise phase and is now approaching the

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planet mars

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we're just minutes away from the start

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of the final leg of its journey and

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that'll be the actual landing of

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a great day in store for you

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looking for that confirmation

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00:13:24,870 --> 00:13:22,959
[Music]

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from nasa headquarters haven't received

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it yet

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but we'll be following it all the way

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00:13:46,230 --> 00:13:44,629
giving you an idea of our mission

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timeline

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again the rover was launched back in

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july

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scheduled to land a little bit later on

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today and we'll be touching down in

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jezreel crater

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now this is an incredible place and a

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little bit later on today we'll go into

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depth about why that particular landing

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site was chosen and what we hope to

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00:14:09,829 --> 00:14:07,360
discover once it gets there the vehicle

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00:14:11,670 --> 00:14:09,839
is uh is designed to spend one martian

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year operating on the surface of mars

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that's two earth years by equivalent but

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if it's anything like the previous

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rovers we we fully believe that this

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00:14:25,509 --> 00:14:22,000
rover will go long beyond its intended

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understand now that we have that we've

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made our connection with our first guest

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speaker today

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00:14:35,750 --> 00:14:33,040
once again we'll be uh taking you to dr

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daniel rabil space communications and

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00:14:41,110 --> 00:14:39,279
navigation network uh specialist and

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he'll discuss how we communicate with

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00:14:45,189 --> 00:14:43,199
mars and the challenges that are

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00:14:49,269 --> 00:14:45,199
associated with sending and receiving

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00:15:03,350 --> 00:14:49,279
messages throughout our solar system

352
00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:06,069
hello i'm daniel rabel and i work for

353
00:15:11,350 --> 00:15:09,040
the nasa john glenn research center in

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00:15:13,829 --> 00:15:11,360
cleveland ohio in space communications

355
00:15:16,470 --> 00:15:13,839
and navigation and i'd like to take a

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few minutes here to talk to you about

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00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:18,639
some of the communication challenges and

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some of the engineering solutions

359
00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:23,519
that it were devised for the upcoming

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mars mission

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so i have some information

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00:15:31,189 --> 00:15:28,560
i'd like to share with you here and i

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00:15:35,189 --> 00:15:31,199
can pull that up on my screen now

364
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but just to give you an overall context

365
00:15:39,030 --> 00:15:37,440
for um what we're

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aiming to do here

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00:15:46,069 --> 00:15:42,560
is add to a story that's been going on

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00:15:48,870 --> 00:15:46,079
for a few decades in the solar system

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00:15:52,230 --> 00:15:48,880
which is at any given time

370
00:15:53,990 --> 00:15:52,240
we typically have about 100 spacecraft

371
00:15:56,550 --> 00:15:54,000
at different points throughout the solar

372
00:15:59,030 --> 00:15:56,560
system uh performing experiments and

373
00:16:00,870 --> 00:15:59,040
making observations and that's an

374
00:16:04,310 --> 00:16:00,880
amazing fact because when you think

375
00:16:06,230 --> 00:16:04,320
about a century ago we had never visited

376
00:16:08,389 --> 00:16:06,240
any of these other worlds and now each

377
00:16:10,069 --> 00:16:08,399
time we go out to another planet

378
00:16:12,949 --> 00:16:10,079
we're adding yet another chapter to that

379
00:16:14,790 --> 00:16:12,959
story and getting more information

380
00:16:17,670 --> 00:16:14,800
from that particular mission and so

381
00:16:21,430 --> 00:16:17,680
we're about to add yet another chapter

382
00:16:24,310 --> 00:16:21,440
on to that with our perseverance mission

383
00:16:27,910 --> 00:16:24,320
and so mars is the destination

384
00:16:30,710 --> 00:16:27,920
for perseverance and going to mars uh is

385
00:16:34,150 --> 00:16:30,720
a very interesting endeavor you know

386
00:16:37,110 --> 00:16:34,160
earth takes earth uh one year

387
00:16:39,189 --> 00:16:37,120
to orbit around the sun and mars the

388
00:16:41,590 --> 00:16:39,199
next planet out in the solar system it

389
00:16:44,870 --> 00:16:41,600
takes roughly two years

390
00:16:45,910 --> 00:16:44,880
so we get an opportunity once every two

391
00:16:48,629 --> 00:16:45,920
years

392
00:16:51,829 --> 00:16:48,639
when mars and earth

393
00:16:53,269 --> 00:16:51,839
remain together at one side of the sun

394
00:16:55,990 --> 00:16:53,279
and we launch

395
00:16:57,910 --> 00:16:56,000
in a window that's approximately

396
00:16:59,590 --> 00:16:57,920
two to three weeks wide so we had to hit

397
00:17:02,069 --> 00:16:59,600
that launch window

398
00:17:04,390 --> 00:17:02,079
and get our spacecraft on a spiral

399
00:17:06,870 --> 00:17:04,400
trajectory from earth's orbit

400
00:17:09,270 --> 00:17:06,880
out to mars orbit we call that a home

401
00:17:11,110 --> 00:17:09,280
and transfer that's the green line that

402
00:17:13,189 --> 00:17:11,120
you see right here in the graph we have

403
00:17:14,630 --> 00:17:13,199
to accelerate very fast so any large

404
00:17:17,350 --> 00:17:14,640
rocket to do that

405
00:17:20,549 --> 00:17:17,360
this is a ula rocket that we used but to

406
00:17:23,189 --> 00:17:20,559
accelerate up to a speed of about 95 000

407
00:17:24,470 --> 00:17:23,199
kilometers per hour in order to catch

408
00:17:27,429 --> 00:17:24,480
the planet

409
00:17:30,070 --> 00:17:27,439
that trip takes a duration of about

410
00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:30,080
seven months long and during the course

411
00:17:35,110 --> 00:17:33,360
of that spiral transit out to mars we're

412
00:17:36,710 --> 00:17:35,120
continually communicating with the

413
00:17:38,549 --> 00:17:36,720
spacecraft

414
00:17:42,230 --> 00:17:38,559
and making observations on its

415
00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:42,240
trajectory both in terms of its speed

416
00:17:46,630 --> 00:17:43,840
and trying to make small course

417
00:17:48,950 --> 00:17:46,640
corrections based upon that speed try to

418
00:17:52,070 --> 00:17:48,960
try to take measurements down to very

419
00:17:54,470 --> 00:17:52,080
fine resolutions we're talking about 0.1

420
00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:54,480
millimeter per second velocities that

421
00:17:58,710 --> 00:17:55,840
we're able to resolve through our

422
00:18:00,470 --> 00:17:58,720
navigational systems and also when we

423
00:18:03,110 --> 00:18:00,480
get to the planet

424
00:18:05,190 --> 00:18:03,120
we have to be at a very critical angle

425
00:18:06,870 --> 00:18:05,200
for entry descent and landing and we're

426
00:18:09,029 --> 00:18:06,880
able to measure those angles again

427
00:18:10,789 --> 00:18:09,039
through our communication systems to

428
00:18:12,870 --> 00:18:10,799
make sure that we're precisely the right

429
00:18:15,909 --> 00:18:12,880
angle to enter the upper atmosphere of

430
00:18:18,150 --> 00:18:15,919
the planet we can measure that down to

431
00:18:21,029 --> 00:18:18,160
matters of about two and a half nano

432
00:18:24,150 --> 00:18:21,039
radians of angle which would translate

433
00:18:27,510 --> 00:18:24,160
to hitting a targeted landing zone of

434
00:18:29,990 --> 00:18:27,520
about one kilometer in size and we're

435
00:18:32,150 --> 00:18:30,000
able to do that all back from earth

436
00:18:34,789 --> 00:18:32,160
you know from our uh communications and

437
00:18:36,630 --> 00:18:34,799
navigational systems so that brings us

438
00:18:39,750 --> 00:18:36,640
to now that critical part of that

439
00:18:41,990 --> 00:18:39,760
transit which is the entry descent and

440
00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:42,000
landing phase

441
00:18:45,830 --> 00:18:44,400
for perseverance and this is a very

442
00:18:46,630 --> 00:18:45,840
complicated

443
00:18:49,590 --> 00:18:46,640
uh

444
00:18:51,110 --> 00:18:49,600
series of sequenced events you can see

445
00:18:54,830 --> 00:18:51,120
that there's multiple parts of the

446
00:18:58,789 --> 00:18:54,840
spacecraft that are going to detach and

447
00:19:02,789 --> 00:18:58,799
deploy from a parachute to base to a sky

448
00:19:05,110 --> 00:19:02,799
crane um and a tether lowering the rover

449
00:19:07,190 --> 00:19:05,120
down to the surface ultimately

450
00:19:09,270 --> 00:19:07,200
this is similar to what was done with

451
00:19:11,750 --> 00:19:09,280
the earlier curiosity

452
00:19:14,070 --> 00:19:11,760
rover but there's one interesting

453
00:19:16,789 --> 00:19:14,080
difference and that we've built some

454
00:19:19,909 --> 00:19:16,799
autonomy into the system known as

455
00:19:22,630 --> 00:19:19,919
terrain relative navigation or trn

456
00:19:25,190 --> 00:19:22,640
where the spacecraft during entry

457
00:19:27,510 --> 00:19:25,200
descent landing is going to be capturing

458
00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:27,520
images of the surface to try to

459
00:19:33,750 --> 00:19:30,960
fine-tune that descent in order to hit

460
00:19:36,070 --> 00:19:33,760
our ultimate landing zone um known as

461
00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:36,080
gizero crater which is part of an

462
00:19:40,870 --> 00:19:38,480
ancient martian lake and so it is going

463
00:19:44,549 --> 00:19:40,880
to have control over the final part of

464
00:19:46,310 --> 00:19:44,559
the descent in in case it sees some

465
00:19:47,669 --> 00:19:46,320
you know rocks or things on the surface

466
00:19:48,950 --> 00:19:47,679
that it needs to

467
00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:48,960
correct for

468
00:19:52,710 --> 00:19:51,120
and and really this is enabling us to

469
00:19:54,870 --> 00:19:52,720
hit this particular landing zone

470
00:19:57,190 --> 00:19:54,880
something that we weren't able to do

471
00:19:58,870 --> 00:19:57,200
with previous missions so each part of

472
00:20:00,070 --> 00:19:58,880
the spacecraft as you can see on the

473
00:20:03,029 --> 00:20:00,080
left here

474
00:20:04,230 --> 00:20:03,039
is instrumented and has several antennas

475
00:20:06,470 --> 00:20:04,240
on board

476
00:20:09,029 --> 00:20:06,480
so that this you can think of it like a

477
00:20:11,190 --> 00:20:09,039
demonstration of a new technology we can

478
00:20:14,710 --> 00:20:11,200
telemeter all of that information back

479
00:20:18,070 --> 00:20:14,720
to earth to see how well uh this trn

480
00:20:20,950 --> 00:20:18,080
system performed uh during entry descent

481
00:20:23,590 --> 00:20:20,960
and finally landing now once

482
00:20:26,470 --> 00:20:23,600
perseverance is down on the surface uh

483
00:20:29,110 --> 00:20:26,480
it won't be alone we have sent a lot of

484
00:20:32,870 --> 00:20:29,120
hardware to mars in fact more than any

485
00:20:36,549 --> 00:20:32,880
other planet there are several rovers

486
00:20:38,789 --> 00:20:36,559
and curiosity is is still there as well

487
00:20:40,549 --> 00:20:38,799
and we have several orbiters who have

488
00:20:41,909 --> 00:20:40,559
been there for a few years and this is

489
00:20:43,430 --> 00:20:41,919
going to be important we're going to try

490
00:20:47,270 --> 00:20:43,440
to take advantage

491
00:20:49,510 --> 00:20:47,280
of uh this as a communications network

492
00:20:53,510 --> 00:20:49,520
once we arrive as well going to the

493
00:20:56,870 --> 00:20:53,520
future we have several more uh surface

494
00:20:59,750 --> 00:20:56,880
assets as well as orbiters planned for

495
00:21:02,149 --> 00:20:59,760
the mars exploration program

496
00:21:05,430 --> 00:21:02,159
now the rover itself

497
00:21:08,310 --> 00:21:05,440
known as perseverance looks very similar

498
00:21:10,950 --> 00:21:08,320
and with locomotion wise as well

499
00:21:13,510 --> 00:21:10,960
with the original curiosity rover but it

500
00:21:15,750 --> 00:21:13,520
has a whole new host of instrumentation

501
00:21:18,630 --> 00:21:15,760
on board and like i mentioned this will

502
00:21:21,110 --> 00:21:18,640
be uh landing in a crater uh that is an

503
00:21:24,390 --> 00:21:21,120
ancient riverbed looking for

504
00:21:26,870 --> 00:21:24,400
signs of um microbiological organisms

505
00:21:29,110 --> 00:21:26,880
gathering rocks and soil and trying to

506
00:21:31,669 --> 00:21:29,120
identify things that we can utilize for

507
00:21:34,070 --> 00:21:31,679
future human exploration it certainly

508
00:21:35,830 --> 00:21:34,080
has a few high definition cameras on

509
00:21:37,909 --> 00:21:35,840
board and that together with the other

510
00:21:40,789 --> 00:21:37,919
scientific instrumentation

511
00:21:42,789 --> 00:21:40,799
is going to generate a lot of data to

512
00:21:44,230 --> 00:21:42,799
ultimately transmit

513
00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:44,240
back to earth and that's where our

514
00:21:47,590 --> 00:21:46,240
communications and navigation really

515
00:21:50,070 --> 00:21:47,600
needs to come

516
00:21:52,149 --> 00:21:50,080
in and try to make that possible there's

517
00:21:53,909 --> 00:21:52,159
a lot of challenges working against that

518
00:21:56,310 --> 00:21:53,919
goal of getting all the information from

519
00:21:58,470 --> 00:21:56,320
the surface of the martian planet uh

520
00:22:00,310 --> 00:21:58,480
back to earth no like i mentioned mars

521
00:22:02,549 --> 00:22:00,320
is very far away it takes us seven

522
00:22:05,430 --> 00:22:02,559
months uh to get there

523
00:22:08,070 --> 00:22:05,440
so uh it's so far away in fact that the

524
00:22:11,110 --> 00:22:08,080
radio signals themselves can take

525
00:22:12,390 --> 00:22:11,120
several minutes to to transit between

526
00:22:14,870 --> 00:22:12,400
mars and earth

527
00:22:17,190 --> 00:22:14,880
typically on the range of 5 to 20

528
00:22:19,830 --> 00:22:17,200
minutes depending upon the particular

529
00:22:21,590 --> 00:22:19,840
placement of earth relative to mars at

530
00:22:23,590 --> 00:22:21,600
that point of the year remember that's

531
00:22:26,390 --> 00:22:23,600
varying because we're in two different

532
00:22:28,070 --> 00:22:26,400
orbits a one-year orbit for earth and a

533
00:22:29,510 --> 00:22:28,080
two-year orbit

534
00:22:32,470 --> 00:22:29,520
from mars

535
00:22:34,310 --> 00:22:32,480
so we can't uh you know ask a question

536
00:22:37,270 --> 00:22:34,320
of the rover and get an instantaneous

537
00:22:40,230 --> 00:22:37,280
response we can send a command or ask a

538
00:22:42,470 --> 00:22:40,240
question and then takes up to 20 minutes

539
00:22:45,190 --> 00:22:42,480
for that to get to the rover and then

540
00:22:47,510 --> 00:22:45,200
perhaps 20 minutes back so conversation

541
00:22:49,590 --> 00:22:47,520
is very slow that way it's a very harsh

542
00:22:51,669 --> 00:22:49,600
environment uh it can get down to minus

543
00:22:53,270 --> 00:22:51,679
90 degrees centigrade

544
00:22:54,630 --> 00:22:53,280
at night which is the coldest

545
00:22:57,590 --> 00:22:54,640
temperature ever recorded down in

546
00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:57,600
antarctica here on earth uh there's also

547
00:23:01,190 --> 00:22:58,720
huge

548
00:23:03,909 --> 00:23:01,200
large-scale dust storms and radiation

549
00:23:05,669 --> 00:23:03,919
storms you can see just in a few weeks

550
00:23:07,590 --> 00:23:05,679
these are pictures of mars in the lower

551
00:23:10,710 --> 00:23:07,600
right hand corner here of how a dust

552
00:23:12,149 --> 00:23:10,720
storm can envelop the entire planet

553
00:23:14,789 --> 00:23:12,159
and that can

554
00:23:17,430 --> 00:23:14,799
knock out our communication systems

555
00:23:19,350 --> 00:23:17,440
the rover itself although fairly large

556
00:23:22,230 --> 00:23:19,360
as rovers go

557
00:23:25,590 --> 00:23:22,240
is still very limited in the available

558
00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:25,600
power and the available computing

559
00:23:29,110 --> 00:23:27,840
processing power that it has

560
00:23:31,350 --> 00:23:29,120
i believe

561
00:23:32,390 --> 00:23:31,360
after this my colleague lauren clayman

562
00:23:35,510 --> 00:23:32,400
is going to talk to you about the

563
00:23:37,430 --> 00:23:35,520
radioisotope thermal generation system

564
00:23:38,470 --> 00:23:37,440
and our communication systems are just

565
00:23:40,870 --> 00:23:38,480
one of

566
00:23:43,350 --> 00:23:40,880
many uh different payloads on the rover

567
00:23:46,390 --> 00:23:43,360
competing for that valuable power

568
00:23:48,230 --> 00:23:46,400
from that rtg and so we're limited in

569
00:23:51,270 --> 00:23:48,240
how much energy that we can have to

570
00:23:53,990 --> 00:23:51,280
transmit the signals back towards earth

571
00:23:56,630 --> 00:23:54,000
now there are planned outages uh as well

572
00:23:58,630 --> 00:23:56,640
you know certainly um mars is in orbit

573
00:24:00,470 --> 00:23:58,640
earth is in orbit we're both rotating as

574
00:24:02,630 --> 00:24:00,480
planets and the rover's driving around

575
00:24:04,310 --> 00:24:02,640
so everything's in motion and we can

576
00:24:06,630 --> 00:24:04,320
kind of pre-plan that out and know when

577
00:24:08,950 --> 00:24:06,640
we'll be able to to

578
00:24:10,789 --> 00:24:08,960
establish a communication link to the

579
00:24:13,110 --> 00:24:10,799
planet but there's also on planned

580
00:24:15,750 --> 00:24:13,120
outages we can have obviously weather

581
00:24:17,510 --> 00:24:15,760
effects here at earth um

582
00:24:19,269 --> 00:24:17,520
the way of thunderstorms that can knock

583
00:24:20,870 --> 00:24:19,279
out communications we also have what we

584
00:24:22,870 --> 00:24:20,880
call space weather

585
00:24:23,909 --> 00:24:22,880
which would be some of the radiation

586
00:24:26,310 --> 00:24:23,919
storms

587
00:24:28,630 --> 00:24:26,320
coming from our sun that can impede

588
00:24:30,710 --> 00:24:28,640
communication so a lot of things working

589
00:24:33,350 --> 00:24:30,720
against us and trying to work these

590
00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:33,360
signals back towards earth

591
00:24:38,230 --> 00:24:35,520
so on the rover where those signals

592
00:24:40,310 --> 00:24:38,240
start is we have three options three

593
00:24:43,510 --> 00:24:40,320
different antenna systems on board

594
00:24:46,630 --> 00:24:43,520
perseverance on the top deck the primary

595
00:24:48,870 --> 00:24:46,640
way of communicating is a small antenna

596
00:24:50,789 --> 00:24:48,880
known as an ultra high frequency antenna

597
00:24:53,830 --> 00:24:50,799
or uhf

598
00:24:56,950 --> 00:24:53,840
and that will transmit from the surface

599
00:24:59,110 --> 00:24:56,960
of the planet up to one of three

600
00:25:02,390 --> 00:24:59,120
available orbiters the mars

601
00:25:05,350 --> 00:25:02,400
reconnaissance orbiter and maven

602
00:25:07,909 --> 00:25:05,360
as well as the european orbit or the

603
00:25:09,830 --> 00:25:07,919
trace gas orbiter tgo

604
00:25:12,070 --> 00:25:09,840
and so those are already there and

605
00:25:13,669 --> 00:25:12,080
they'll come overhead about once a day

606
00:25:16,070 --> 00:25:13,679
for about eight minutes

607
00:25:17,909 --> 00:25:16,080
over the rover and when they're overhead

608
00:25:20,149 --> 00:25:17,919
we'll be able to transmit at a rate of

609
00:25:23,029 --> 00:25:20,159
two megabits per second

610
00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:23,039
from that uhf antenna and this works out

611
00:25:26,870 --> 00:25:25,200
well because those orbiters as you can

612
00:25:28,549 --> 00:25:26,880
see in the picture here they have very

613
00:25:30,789 --> 00:25:28,559
large solar panels so they have a lot of

614
00:25:32,950 --> 00:25:30,799
power and two from the pictures you can

615
00:25:35,990 --> 00:25:32,960
see they all have large antennas on

616
00:25:38,630 --> 00:25:36,000
board so they can ingest that two

617
00:25:40,870 --> 00:25:38,640
megabits per second from the rover and

618
00:25:43,350 --> 00:25:40,880
boost up the signal for the long haul

619
00:25:45,909 --> 00:25:43,360
path backwards earth

620
00:25:48,149 --> 00:25:45,919
and so the majority of the data will be

621
00:25:50,549 --> 00:25:48,159
transmitted in that fashion now in

622
00:25:53,110 --> 00:25:50,559
addition to that system

623
00:25:55,830 --> 00:25:53,120
there's two other systems at a different

624
00:25:57,269 --> 00:25:55,840
frequency called x-band there's a high

625
00:26:01,029 --> 00:25:57,279
gain antenna

626
00:26:02,549 --> 00:26:01,039
antenna you can see on the picture on

627
00:26:05,190 --> 00:26:02,559
the inside here

628
00:26:07,830 --> 00:26:05,200
is a steerable antenna now it's a very

629
00:26:11,750 --> 00:26:07,840
low data rate uh it's down to

630
00:26:14,230 --> 00:26:11,760
about 160 to 500 bits per second

631
00:26:16,950 --> 00:26:14,240
but it's steerable and it will be able

632
00:26:19,669 --> 00:26:16,960
to communicate with earth directly

633
00:26:21,909 --> 00:26:19,679
rather than relaying the signal through

634
00:26:24,789 --> 00:26:21,919
one of those orbiters for a fraction you

635
00:26:27,669 --> 00:26:24,799
know time a day and so this is how we'll

636
00:26:30,070 --> 00:26:27,679
be sending commands every morning to the

637
00:26:31,909 --> 00:26:30,080
rover so very low data rate but very

638
00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:31,919
important information we wouldn't be

639
00:26:36,149 --> 00:26:34,320
sending pictures and video back and

640
00:26:37,750 --> 00:26:36,159
forth on this link

641
00:26:40,230 --> 00:26:37,760
but this would be more for our

642
00:26:43,430 --> 00:26:40,240
commanding information and uh critical

643
00:26:46,149 --> 00:26:43,440
telemetry uh information and the nice

644
00:26:48,390 --> 00:26:46,159
thing about it being steered is that

645
00:26:49,750 --> 00:26:48,400
we can have the rover in whatever pose

646
00:26:51,590 --> 00:26:49,760
it needs to be in

647
00:26:53,669 --> 00:26:51,600
for its mission operations and

648
00:26:55,190 --> 00:26:53,679
independently steer the beam around so

649
00:26:57,750 --> 00:26:55,200
we don't have to worry about what

650
00:26:59,430 --> 00:26:57,760
position the rover is in to communicate

651
00:27:02,149 --> 00:26:59,440
and then finally there's a low gain

652
00:27:04,230 --> 00:27:02,159
x-band system again very low data rate

653
00:27:06,789 --> 00:27:04,240
just as a backup option to give us some

654
00:27:08,870 --> 00:27:06,799
flexibility and in case we had a problem

655
00:27:10,870 --> 00:27:08,880
and you know perhaps the rover's in safe

656
00:27:13,110 --> 00:27:10,880
mode and we're trying to recover um from

657
00:27:15,430 --> 00:27:13,120
some event unforeseen event like a you

658
00:27:17,669 --> 00:27:15,440
know radiation storm or that

659
00:27:19,830 --> 00:27:17,679
so we have three different channels here

660
00:27:21,830 --> 00:27:19,840
and different frequencies that we

661
00:27:24,470 --> 00:27:21,840
communicate in and those channels and

662
00:27:26,470 --> 00:27:24,480
you can imagine there's a lot of science

663
00:27:29,110 --> 00:27:26,480
and engineering that goes behind that

664
00:27:30,549 --> 00:27:29,120
and nasa is certainly full of you know a

665
00:27:33,190 --> 00:27:30,559
lot of science and engineers to build

666
00:27:35,590 --> 00:27:33,200
the systems to allow this to happen but

667
00:27:38,230 --> 00:27:35,600
i also wanted to take uh just a minute

668
00:27:40,549 --> 00:27:38,240
here to mention so these channels

669
00:27:43,350 --> 00:27:40,559
operate at different frequencies the

670
00:27:45,669 --> 00:27:43,360
same way that your cell phone

671
00:27:47,510 --> 00:27:45,679
has a certain frequency and your

672
00:27:50,149 --> 00:27:47,520
wireless internet your router at home

673
00:27:52,549 --> 00:27:50,159
has a certain frequency and just like

674
00:27:54,070 --> 00:27:52,559
all of those consumer grade products in

675
00:27:55,830 --> 00:27:54,080
space

676
00:27:58,789 --> 00:27:55,840
nasa has to

677
00:28:00,870 --> 00:27:58,799
get a allocation to use that frequency

678
00:28:02,630 --> 00:28:00,880
we have to get an authorization for each

679
00:28:04,310 --> 00:28:02,640
and every one of our spacecraft and each

680
00:28:06,789 --> 00:28:04,320
and every one of our spacecraft may need

681
00:28:09,830 --> 00:28:06,799
multiple channels so there's an entire

682
00:28:11,830 --> 00:28:09,840
team at nasa you know made up of folks

683
00:28:14,230 --> 00:28:11,840
that have a bit of a legal background

684
00:28:16,870 --> 00:28:14,240
and a management background that work

685
00:28:19,029 --> 00:28:16,880
with our international partners all year

686
00:28:21,110 --> 00:28:19,039
to make sure that all of our spacecraft

687
00:28:22,789 --> 00:28:21,120
are allocated the right channels that

688
00:28:25,590 --> 00:28:22,799
they need the right frequencies that

689
00:28:27,830 --> 00:28:25,600
they need in order to communicate to and

690
00:28:30,070 --> 00:28:27,840
from earth and that's an ongoing effort

691
00:28:31,990 --> 00:28:30,080
it takes a you know a few years prior to

692
00:28:33,909 --> 00:28:32,000
each of these missions to get those

693
00:28:35,029 --> 00:28:33,919
spectrum allocations and you know it's

694
00:28:37,430 --> 00:28:35,039
something that a lot of people don't

695
00:28:40,310 --> 00:28:37,440
know about so they're they're the onsen

696
00:28:41,590 --> 00:28:40,320
heroes of making all this work and and i

697
00:28:43,510 --> 00:28:41,600
just wanted to make the point that it

698
00:28:46,230 --> 00:28:43,520
takes you know a whole lot of different

699
00:28:47,510 --> 00:28:46,240
types of people to pull these systems

700
00:28:49,830 --> 00:28:47,520
together from the hardware and the

701
00:28:52,070 --> 00:28:49,840
software the science and the engineering

702
00:28:53,750 --> 00:28:52,080
but also the policy and the management

703
00:28:55,990 --> 00:28:53,760
of that and the spectrum allocation is a

704
00:28:59,430 --> 00:28:56,000
perfect example of a critical piece that

705
00:29:03,350 --> 00:28:59,440
you need to make these systems work

706
00:29:06,789 --> 00:29:03,360
one very new feature with this rover of

707
00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:06,799
other rovers is the mars helicopter

708
00:29:11,110 --> 00:29:09,120
known as ingenuity so there will be the

709
00:29:12,549 --> 00:29:11,120
first powered flight demonstration on

710
00:29:15,029 --> 00:29:12,559
another planet

711
00:29:17,110 --> 00:29:15,039
using ingenuity which will deploy uh

712
00:29:19,350 --> 00:29:17,120
from the perseverance rover what

713
00:29:21,430 --> 00:29:19,360
ingenuity is going to add from a mission

714
00:29:23,750 --> 00:29:21,440
capability standpoint is we'll be able

715
00:29:26,470 --> 00:29:23,760
to reach things like plateaus that the

716
00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:26,480
rover won't be able to climb and go to

717
00:29:30,310 --> 00:29:28,240
ranges where the rover will not be able

718
00:29:32,149 --> 00:29:30,320
to get to and get increased resolution

719
00:29:34,549 --> 00:29:32,159
and imagery from those particular

720
00:29:38,070 --> 00:29:34,559
locations now from a communication

721
00:29:39,830 --> 00:29:38,080
standpoint this creates a small network

722
00:29:41,190 --> 00:29:39,840
right down on the surface because all of

723
00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:41,200
that imagery

724
00:29:45,110 --> 00:29:43,440
captured by ingenuity will have to be

725
00:29:47,510 --> 00:29:45,120
relayed through

726
00:29:49,510 --> 00:29:47,520
the rover itself and then up to the

727
00:29:52,549 --> 00:29:49,520
orbiter and then back towards earth so

728
00:29:54,950 --> 00:29:52,559
we've basically built our own local mars

729
00:29:57,190 --> 00:29:54,960
communication network between each of

730
00:29:58,950 --> 00:29:57,200
those elements in order to get the data

731
00:30:00,710 --> 00:29:58,960
uh ultimately from the helicopter

732
00:30:02,950 --> 00:30:00,720
demonstration

733
00:30:04,389 --> 00:30:02,960
and uh and telemetered uh back to earth

734
00:30:07,269 --> 00:30:04,399
so very interesting and exciting

735
00:30:09,430 --> 00:30:07,279
demonstration um that'll be deployed

736
00:30:12,389 --> 00:30:09,440
from the rover itself

737
00:30:13,350 --> 00:30:12,399
now perseverance as well is going to

738
00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:13,360
have

739
00:30:16,950 --> 00:30:15,200
several cameras on board and we're

740
00:30:19,190 --> 00:30:16,960
greatly looking forward to the enormous

741
00:30:20,870 --> 00:30:19,200
amount of data that will be returned

742
00:30:23,669 --> 00:30:20,880
from those cameras

743
00:30:25,830 --> 00:30:23,679
so as that starts to roll in over the

744
00:30:28,870 --> 00:30:25,840
next few weeks please check out the the

745
00:30:30,389 --> 00:30:28,880
perseverance rover website for downloads

746
00:30:32,870 --> 00:30:30,399
of that information

747
00:30:35,750 --> 00:30:32,880
here's an example of just such a picture

748
00:30:37,590 --> 00:30:35,760
that was downlinked through curiosity

749
00:30:40,789 --> 00:30:37,600
now these images are very large some of

750
00:30:43,830 --> 00:30:40,799
them can even be gigabit large uh in

751
00:30:45,750 --> 00:30:43,840
file size so it can it can take a few

752
00:30:47,510 --> 00:30:45,760
days and sometimes even a few weeks to

753
00:30:50,310 --> 00:30:47,520
download something like a panoramic

754
00:30:52,230 --> 00:30:50,320
mosaic like you see in this very image

755
00:30:54,710 --> 00:30:52,240
due to those data rates because the long

756
00:30:56,789 --> 00:30:54,720
distances um but you know they'll be

757
00:30:58,470 --> 00:30:56,799
adding that to the repository over time

758
00:31:00,950 --> 00:30:58,480
and we're very much looking forward to

759
00:31:02,710 --> 00:31:00,960
seeing um the kinds of imagery that

760
00:31:04,549 --> 00:31:02,720
perseverance is going to give us on top

761
00:31:06,310 --> 00:31:04,559
of curiosity

762
00:31:09,029 --> 00:31:06,320
so back here at earth and that's the

763
00:31:11,990 --> 00:31:09,039
last part of communicating

764
00:31:14,950 --> 00:31:12,000
across this mars relay network

765
00:31:18,470 --> 00:31:14,960
are our deep space network antennas

766
00:31:21,110 --> 00:31:18,480
known as the ds10 so the dsn features

767
00:31:22,310 --> 00:31:21,120
the very largest antennas that nasa

768
00:31:24,310 --> 00:31:22,320
operates

769
00:31:26,470 --> 00:31:24,320
they have the most sensitive receivers

770
00:31:29,190 --> 00:31:26,480
on board they also have the most

771
00:31:31,590 --> 00:31:29,200
powerful transmitters inside so when we

772
00:31:34,549 --> 00:31:31,600
need to send the command and control

773
00:31:36,149 --> 00:31:34,559
information every morning to the rover

774
00:31:38,230 --> 00:31:36,159
so that it knows what operations it

775
00:31:41,190 --> 00:31:38,240
should do that day we're going to also

776
00:31:43,350 --> 00:31:41,200
use these antennas as our transmitters

777
00:31:45,350 --> 00:31:43,360
during that cruise phase that seven

778
00:31:47,509 --> 00:31:45,360
month cruise phase these are the

779
00:31:49,190 --> 00:31:47,519
antennas that also provided all those

780
00:31:52,070 --> 00:31:49,200
navigational

781
00:31:53,269 --> 00:31:52,080
we call them the radiometric analysis to

782
00:31:55,509 --> 00:31:53,279
make sure that we're at the right

783
00:31:56,710 --> 00:31:55,519
trajectory the right speed and the right

784
00:31:59,990 --> 00:31:56,720
angle

785
00:32:02,149 --> 00:32:00,000
and to do so we have to drive these

786
00:32:04,149 --> 00:32:02,159
systems with the best algorithms and the

787
00:32:06,389 --> 00:32:04,159
most stable timing

788
00:32:08,470 --> 00:32:06,399
you know with atomic clocks and such or

789
00:32:10,870 --> 00:32:08,480
to provide that navigation to the rover

790
00:32:12,870 --> 00:32:10,880
uh from from earth during cruise phase

791
00:32:15,509 --> 00:32:12,880
and typically at any given time we have

792
00:32:17,269 --> 00:32:15,519
about 30 different craft in deep space

793
00:32:18,789 --> 00:32:17,279
about 100 across the solar system about

794
00:32:21,669 --> 00:32:18,799
30 in deep space

795
00:32:22,789 --> 00:32:21,679
that the dsn is talking to on a daily

796
00:32:25,590 --> 00:32:22,799
basis

797
00:32:28,470 --> 00:32:25,600
so the dsn is a network and for network

798
00:32:31,430 --> 00:32:28,480
deep space network and there are three

799
00:32:33,990 --> 00:32:31,440
facilities for the dsn spread across the

800
00:32:35,350 --> 00:32:34,000
planet we have one in goldstone

801
00:32:38,070 --> 00:32:35,360
california

802
00:32:40,310 --> 00:32:38,080
canberra spain i'm sorry madrid spain

803
00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:40,320
and canberra australia

804
00:32:44,149 --> 00:32:42,320
and the reason that these various sites

805
00:32:47,350 --> 00:32:44,159
are picked is because

806
00:32:49,990 --> 00:32:47,360
they're roughly 120 degrees apart from

807
00:32:53,190 --> 00:32:50,000
each other on the earth and so whichever

808
00:32:56,149 --> 00:32:53,200
way the earth is rotated

809
00:32:58,149 --> 00:32:56,159
you were able to use one or sometimes

810
00:33:00,950 --> 00:32:58,159
even two of these ground terminal

811
00:33:04,710 --> 00:33:00,960
facilities to communicate with one of

812
00:33:06,870 --> 00:33:04,720
the deep spacecraft such as perseverance

813
00:33:09,029 --> 00:33:06,880
and so some of the signal will go to one

814
00:33:11,350 --> 00:33:09,039
of the antennas and the earth is slowly

815
00:33:13,110 --> 00:33:11,360
rotating so then you have to hand off to

816
00:33:15,590 --> 00:33:13,120
perhaps another one of the antennas to

817
00:33:17,909 --> 00:33:15,600
get the rest of the message or download

818
00:33:20,710 --> 00:33:17,919
the rest of the image and then

819
00:33:22,549 --> 00:33:20,720
ultimately those pieces of the signal

820
00:33:25,350 --> 00:33:22,559
need put together at a central

821
00:33:27,909 --> 00:33:25,360
operations facility which resides out in

822
00:33:30,789 --> 00:33:27,919
pasadena california out at the jet

823
00:33:32,789 --> 00:33:30,799
propulsion laboratory the jpl space

824
00:33:34,389 --> 00:33:32,799
flight operations facility and if you're

825
00:33:36,549 --> 00:33:34,399
ever out there you can you can get a

826
00:33:40,710 --> 00:33:36,559
public tour of that facility it's been

827
00:33:42,470 --> 00:33:40,720
in operations now 24 7 for over 40 years

828
00:33:43,590 --> 00:33:42,480
communicating with all of our deep space

829
00:33:44,950 --> 00:33:43,600
craft

830
00:33:47,350 --> 00:33:44,960
and of course we're in a very

831
00:33:50,310 --> 00:33:47,360
interesting time just like you and i are

832
00:33:53,509 --> 00:33:50,320
struggling to figure out how to get

833
00:33:56,310 --> 00:33:53,519
through our day today due to coven 19

834
00:33:59,269 --> 00:33:56,320
the space operations facility is doing

835
00:34:01,909 --> 00:33:59,279
the same and in fact in this past year

836
00:34:03,669 --> 00:34:01,919
it was the date of march 20th that was

837
00:34:06,149 --> 00:34:03,679
the first day

838
00:34:08,470 --> 00:34:06,159
for the nasa curiosity rover to be

839
00:34:11,510 --> 00:34:08,480
successfully operated from the

840
00:34:14,069 --> 00:34:11,520
operations team who was telecommuting

841
00:34:16,230 --> 00:34:14,079
from home uh and of course we've had to

842
00:34:18,629 --> 00:34:16,240
continue this mode of operation for some

843
00:34:21,430 --> 00:34:18,639
time but it's pretty amazing the the

844
00:34:23,829 --> 00:34:21,440
technological successes of figuring out

845
00:34:25,990 --> 00:34:23,839
um how to lay in secure channels where

846
00:34:27,990 --> 00:34:26,000
you're able to operate a spacecraft in

847
00:34:31,030 --> 00:34:28,000
deep space on the surface of another

848
00:34:34,389 --> 00:34:31,040
planet um from your house due to the

849
00:34:36,869 --> 00:34:34,399
constraints of a of a worldwide pandemic

850
00:34:40,310 --> 00:34:36,879
so big feather in jpl's cap for for

851
00:34:42,869 --> 00:34:40,320
figuring that out now you can watch live

852
00:34:44,710 --> 00:34:42,879
the operations of what those operators

853
00:34:49,349 --> 00:34:44,720
are doing anytime that you like this is

854
00:34:51,589 --> 00:34:49,359
up 24 7. if you go to the uh dsn now

855
00:34:53,829 --> 00:34:51,599
website i just took a screenshot of it

856
00:34:56,149 --> 00:34:53,839
here for you to take a look at this will

857
00:34:58,150 --> 00:34:56,159
show you the three different facilities

858
00:35:00,470 --> 00:34:58,160
and there's several antennas at each and

859
00:35:03,270 --> 00:35:00,480
it'll annotate which spacecraft we're

860
00:35:05,589 --> 00:35:03,280
talking to at that at that instantaneous

861
00:35:07,030 --> 00:35:05,599
uh time so right now on the screen at

862
00:35:09,990 --> 00:35:07,040
the very bottom in the center you can

863
00:35:11,990 --> 00:35:10,000
see that uh the canberra site um which

864
00:35:14,470 --> 00:35:12,000
was uh in the center of the 34 meter

865
00:35:16,310 --> 00:35:14,480
dish was actually talking to voyager 2

866
00:35:17,670 --> 00:35:16,320
um at at that time that i took that

867
00:35:19,349 --> 00:35:17,680
screenshot and if you'd like to learn

868
00:35:21,510 --> 00:35:19,359
more about the mission or the

869
00:35:23,190 --> 00:35:21,520
communication system you can click in

870
00:35:25,270 --> 00:35:23,200
the bottom right and find you know

871
00:35:27,670 --> 00:35:25,280
things like how far the mission is away

872
00:35:29,030 --> 00:35:27,680
what's the data rate what's the latency

873
00:35:31,430 --> 00:35:29,040
in time

874
00:35:34,310 --> 00:35:31,440
right now i think it's selected uh mars

875
00:35:36,950 --> 00:35:34,320
odyssey and there was a 42.94

876
00:35:38,310 --> 00:35:36,960
minute time delay talking to it so

877
00:35:39,750 --> 00:35:38,320
really neat website i encourage you to

878
00:35:41,990 --> 00:35:39,760
check that out especially now you know

879
00:35:44,790 --> 00:35:42,000
watching us start to bring perseverance

880
00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:44,800
online and it'll appear in here uh daily

881
00:35:48,790 --> 00:35:47,200
as we start to talk to it

882
00:35:51,829 --> 00:35:48,800
and so like i mentioned there will be a

883
00:35:54,150 --> 00:35:51,839
lot more hardware going out towards mars

884
00:35:55,910 --> 00:35:54,160
these are the robotic precursor missions

885
00:35:58,230 --> 00:35:55,920
where we can find out

886
00:36:00,870 --> 00:35:58,240
what type of resources are available to

887
00:36:03,109 --> 00:36:00,880
us to enable human exploration and we

888
00:36:05,030 --> 00:36:03,119
have to continue to do these firsts to

889
00:36:06,710 --> 00:36:05,040
learn more about ourselves and our solar

890
00:36:09,190 --> 00:36:06,720
system where we are and where we're

891
00:36:11,190 --> 00:36:09,200
going and we need a lot of help to do

892
00:36:13,510 --> 00:36:11,200
this and there are many ways that you

893
00:36:15,910 --> 00:36:13,520
the public can participate in this we

894
00:36:18,069 --> 00:36:15,920
have small business opportunities where

895
00:36:19,430 --> 00:36:18,079
you know the algorithms and the software

896
00:36:21,190 --> 00:36:19,440
and even the hardware that we use on

897
00:36:23,109 --> 00:36:21,200
these spacecraft

898
00:36:24,790 --> 00:36:23,119
can get developed from a small business

899
00:36:27,670 --> 00:36:24,800
interested in doing so

900
00:36:29,349 --> 00:36:27,680
we have larger contractual mechanisms

901
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:29,359
for procurement but the one i really

902
00:36:32,630 --> 00:36:31,040
wanted to focus on is our academic

903
00:36:35,510 --> 00:36:32,640
collaborations

904
00:36:36,310 --> 00:36:35,520
we are very fortunate that every year we

905
00:36:39,589 --> 00:36:36,320
have

906
00:36:41,910 --> 00:36:39,599
a large segment of interns coming to

907
00:36:43,829 --> 00:36:41,920
join us and in fact right now this very

908
00:36:45,589 --> 00:36:43,839
second we're reviewing applications for

909
00:36:47,430 --> 00:36:45,599
the summer internship i believe they're

910
00:36:50,310 --> 00:36:47,440
they're open for another couple weeks

911
00:36:52,790 --> 00:36:50,320
here um and so if you know someone or

912
00:36:55,589 --> 00:36:52,800
you yourself are interested in helping

913
00:36:57,430 --> 00:36:55,599
us accomplish these missions by all

914
00:36:59,510 --> 00:36:57,440
means consider interning with us and

915
00:37:01,589 --> 00:36:59,520
that goes from high school to

916
00:37:04,310 --> 00:37:01,599
undergraduate to the graduate level to

917
00:37:07,190 --> 00:37:04,320
the to the post-doctoral level uh and

918
00:37:09,990 --> 00:37:07,200
even faculty fellowships um like i said

919
00:37:13,109 --> 00:37:10,000
this is uh something that is crucial to

920
00:37:15,910 --> 00:37:13,119
our success getting in uh young bright

921
00:37:17,270 --> 00:37:15,920
people with new ideas and help and

922
00:37:18,550 --> 00:37:17,280
getting their feedback on what we're

923
00:37:20,230 --> 00:37:18,560
trying to do and getting their help

924
00:37:22,790 --> 00:37:20,240
trying to get there

925
00:37:24,710 --> 00:37:22,800
again i'm from the glen research center

926
00:37:26,230 --> 00:37:24,720
which is in cleveland ohio

927
00:37:29,030 --> 00:37:26,240
in the great lakes region but we have

928
00:37:30,470 --> 00:37:29,040
facilities all over the country and so

929
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:30,480
if you're not able to travel or you'd

930
00:37:32,870 --> 00:37:31,760
like to have something a little closer

931
00:37:34,870 --> 00:37:32,880
to home

932
00:37:35,750 --> 00:37:34,880
you can go through the main web portal

933
00:37:37,750 --> 00:37:35,760
and

934
00:37:39,430 --> 00:37:37,760
basically it's like a job board find

935
00:37:41,670 --> 00:37:39,440
something that you're interested in and

936
00:37:43,829 --> 00:37:41,680
put in for it and we will be most happy

937
00:37:46,230 --> 00:37:43,839
uh to have you aboard our team

938
00:37:48,390 --> 00:37:46,240
as we go forward so i hope that you

939
00:37:52,069 --> 00:37:48,400
found this very interesting thank you so

940
00:37:53,829 --> 00:37:52,079
much uh for your attention also um thank

941
00:37:56,230 --> 00:37:53,839
you to the to the great lakes science

942
00:37:58,950 --> 00:37:56,240
center for helping us get our message

943
00:38:01,589 --> 00:37:58,960
out here as we continue to add again

944
00:38:08,630 --> 00:38:01,599
more chapters to our story and explore

945
00:38:13,109 --> 00:38:10,550
once again folks that was dr daniel

946
00:38:15,190 --> 00:38:13,119
rabil of the space communications and

947
00:38:17,430 --> 00:38:15,200
navigation network

948
00:38:19,670 --> 00:38:17,440
um just really fascinating learning

949
00:38:22,230 --> 00:38:19,680
about how we communicate with deep space

950
00:38:23,910 --> 00:38:22,240
objects and you saw in the video that he

951
00:38:26,470 --> 00:38:23,920
provided with you the mars helicopter

952
00:38:28,710 --> 00:38:26,480
that i told you about earlier um that

953
00:38:31,589 --> 00:38:28,720
mars helicopter is amazing it's only

954
00:38:34,630 --> 00:38:31,599
about four pounds it's solar powered so

955
00:38:38,310 --> 00:38:34,640
it will recharge on its own it uses a

956
00:38:41,990 --> 00:38:38,320
wireless communication system and uh the

957
00:38:44,550 --> 00:38:42,000
rotors on the vehicle are about uh about

958
00:38:46,630 --> 00:38:44,560
four foot long so that's uh that's

959
00:38:49,990 --> 00:38:46,640
pretty amazing it's also equipped with

960
00:38:52,870 --> 00:38:50,000
internal sensors and the laser altimeter

961
00:38:54,550 --> 00:38:52,880
and uh two cameras one in color and also

962
00:38:56,710 --> 00:38:54,560
one in black and white it's really

963
00:38:59,670 --> 00:38:56,720
fascinating and we'll delve a little bit

964
00:39:00,550 --> 00:38:59,680
deeper into that uh here in a few

965
00:39:02,870 --> 00:39:00,560
minutes

966
00:39:04,150 --> 00:39:02,880
um we do have another another speaker

967
00:39:06,310 --> 00:39:04,160
that's coming up we're trying to

968
00:39:07,910 --> 00:39:06,320
establish communications with them but

969
00:39:10,150 --> 00:39:07,920
in the meantime it's another great

970
00:39:12,310 --> 00:39:10,160
opportunity to talk more about the

971
00:39:14,630 --> 00:39:12,320
perseverance rover now the key

972
00:39:17,589 --> 00:39:14,640
objectives for this particular mission

973
00:39:20,470 --> 00:39:17,599
are to explore the uh geologically

974
00:39:22,870 --> 00:39:20,480
diverse landing site jezreel crater is

975
00:39:24,950 --> 00:39:22,880
amazing at one time that crater was

976
00:39:27,109 --> 00:39:24,960
filled with water and we can see where

977
00:39:29,109 --> 00:39:27,119
water flowed into the crater and also

978
00:39:31,030 --> 00:39:29,119
where it flowed out of the crater and

979
00:39:32,790 --> 00:39:31,040
the water sat there for a long time so

980
00:39:35,349 --> 00:39:32,800
there's plenty of sediment that settled

981
00:39:37,829 --> 00:39:35,359
down in the bottom we also can see a

982
00:39:40,950 --> 00:39:37,839
delta where water from the river that

983
00:39:42,870 --> 00:39:40,960
flowed in carried materials with it and

984
00:39:45,109 --> 00:39:42,880
left those materials there to sink at

985
00:39:47,750 --> 00:39:45,119
the bottom eventually all the water went

986
00:39:49,510 --> 00:39:47,760
away but the sediment is still there and

987
00:39:51,829 --> 00:39:49,520
by going there and doing our core

988
00:39:54,630 --> 00:39:51,839
sampling there we can learn so much

989
00:39:56,630 --> 00:39:54,640
about the about the planet's history and

990
00:39:58,310 --> 00:39:56,640
there's a great possibility that we

991
00:39:59,190 --> 00:39:58,320
might find signs of

992
00:40:04,710 --> 00:39:59,200
of

993
00:40:07,109 --> 00:40:04,720
sediment there from that delta and uh

994
00:40:09,270 --> 00:40:07,119
that's a step closer to determining if

995
00:40:11,270 --> 00:40:09,280
there ever was life

996
00:40:13,670 --> 00:40:11,280
on the red planet

997
00:40:15,829 --> 00:40:13,680
now another key uh key objective for the

998
00:40:18,390 --> 00:40:15,839
mission is to assess ancient

999
00:40:21,030 --> 00:40:18,400
habitability whether or not life could

1000
00:40:22,630 --> 00:40:21,040
have existed on mars and to seek out

1001
00:40:24,310 --> 00:40:22,640
those signs of ancient life as i

1002
00:40:26,710 --> 00:40:24,320
mentioned just a few minutes a few

1003
00:40:29,589 --> 00:40:26,720
minutes ago we'll be gathering rock and

1004
00:40:31,670 --> 00:40:29,599
soil samples from across the region and

1005
00:40:33,670 --> 00:40:31,680
they'll be returned to earth by uh by a

1006
00:40:35,910 --> 00:40:33,680
future nasa mission we'll be

1007
00:40:38,310 --> 00:40:35,920
demonstrating some neat technology like

1008
00:40:40,470 --> 00:40:38,320
the uh like the helicopter that we

1009
00:40:43,190 --> 00:40:40,480
talked about a moment ago but we're also

1010
00:40:44,710 --> 00:40:43,200
testing some special equipment on board

1011
00:40:48,390 --> 00:40:44,720
that has um

1012
00:40:50,550 --> 00:40:48,400
well that has uh ramifications for uh

1013
00:40:52,710 --> 00:40:50,560
crude missions to mars eventually one

1014
00:40:55,270 --> 00:40:52,720
day one of the experiments is called

1015
00:40:57,430 --> 00:40:55,280
moxie and we'll use that experiment to

1016
00:40:59,910 --> 00:40:57,440
try to determine if we can extract

1017
00:41:01,990 --> 00:40:59,920
oxygen from the martian atmosphere

1018
00:41:05,270 --> 00:41:02,000
martian atmosphere is uh primarily

1019
00:41:07,670 --> 00:41:05,280
carbon dioxide so if we can if we can

1020
00:41:10,710 --> 00:41:07,680
use a device like this just the bigger

1021
00:41:13,510 --> 00:41:10,720
device to manufacture oxygen for our

1022
00:41:14,470 --> 00:41:13,520
crews to survive that's going to be huge

1023
00:41:16,630 --> 00:41:14,480
and

1024
00:41:18,309 --> 00:41:16,640
in fact we'll be able to make oxygen for

1025
00:41:20,630 --> 00:41:18,319
crews once we get there anything we

1026
00:41:23,270 --> 00:41:20,640
don't have to carry with us means more

1027
00:41:24,950 --> 00:41:23,280
room for additional payload or

1028
00:41:27,190 --> 00:41:24,960
less fuel that it will take to get off

1029
00:41:28,790 --> 00:41:27,200
the surface of the earth so that's

1030
00:41:30,550 --> 00:41:28,800
really really cool and that'll be a neat

1031
00:41:33,349 --> 00:41:30,560
experiment that we'll be taking a look

1032
00:41:35,910 --> 00:41:33,359
at um we'll also be uh

1033
00:41:38,230 --> 00:41:35,920
we'll also be looking in in some new

1034
00:41:41,670 --> 00:41:38,240
ways the uh spacecraft is actually

1035
00:41:43,109 --> 00:41:41,680
equipped with 26 different cameras uh

1036
00:41:44,950 --> 00:41:43,119
and that's going to be that's going to

1037
00:41:47,349 --> 00:41:44,960
be really fascinating it'll allow us to

1038
00:41:48,470 --> 00:41:47,359
see mars in a way that we've never seen

1039
00:41:49,589 --> 00:41:48,480
it before

1040
00:41:51,510 --> 00:41:49,599
um

1041
00:41:53,829 --> 00:41:51,520
the advanced camera system that's part

1042
00:41:55,190 --> 00:41:53,839
of the mass cam z

1043
00:41:58,470 --> 00:41:55,200
is um

1044
00:42:00,550 --> 00:41:58,480
panoramic and stereographic imaging so

1045
00:42:02,870 --> 00:42:00,560
the camera is set up with uh with

1046
00:42:05,430 --> 00:42:02,880
stereoscopic cameras that are about the

1047
00:42:07,750 --> 00:42:05,440
same distance as the human eyes are on

1048
00:42:09,910 --> 00:42:07,760
your face so it'll give uh it'll give

1049
00:42:11,349 --> 00:42:09,920
people who look at those images uh the

1050
00:42:13,109 --> 00:42:11,359
feeling that they're almost on the

1051
00:42:15,430 --> 00:42:13,119
surface of mars and that's going to be

1052
00:42:18,870 --> 00:42:15,440
absolutely incredible that'll also

1053
00:42:20,710 --> 00:42:18,880
assist with rover operations

1054
00:42:24,470 --> 00:42:20,720
it's going to be so cool

1055
00:42:26,390 --> 00:42:24,480
there's a super cam planetary x-ray

1056
00:42:29,589 --> 00:42:26,400
x-ray instrument

1057
00:42:31,829 --> 00:42:29,599
scanning habitable environments

1058
00:42:32,950 --> 00:42:31,839
we did talk about moxie that's the mars

1059
00:42:35,589 --> 00:42:32,960
oxygen

1060
00:42:37,670 --> 00:42:35,599
institute a resource utilization

1061
00:42:40,069 --> 00:42:37,680
experiment

1062
00:42:42,710 --> 00:42:40,079
there is a mars environment dynamic

1063
00:42:45,109 --> 00:42:42,720
analyzer this is a small weather station

1064
00:42:48,069 --> 00:42:45,119
that's uh that's actually mounted on the

1065
00:42:49,910 --> 00:42:48,079
uh mounted on the vehicle so it'll give

1066
00:42:52,550 --> 00:42:49,920
us a clear picture of what the weather

1067
00:42:54,069 --> 00:42:52,560
conditions are like at that location and

1068
00:42:56,470 --> 00:42:54,079
that's going to be absolutely

1069
00:42:58,630 --> 00:42:56,480
fascinating

1070
00:43:00,550 --> 00:42:58,640
again the uh the rover is about the size

1071
00:43:01,990 --> 00:43:00,560
of a small suv

1072
00:43:03,750 --> 00:43:02,000
and uh

1073
00:43:05,270 --> 00:43:03,760
that's just incredible it's uh it's

1074
00:43:07,670 --> 00:43:05,280
amazing we were able to get it off the

1075
00:43:09,990 --> 00:43:07,680
ground weighing uh weighing a whole ton

1076
00:43:12,230 --> 00:43:10,000
um it's going to be even cooler trying

1077
00:43:14,870 --> 00:43:12,240
to land all that weight on the surface

1078
00:43:17,430 --> 00:43:14,880
of mars requires a special parachute to

1079
00:43:19,750 --> 00:43:17,440
do that a supersonic parachute that'll

1080
00:43:22,069 --> 00:43:19,760
open when the spacecraft is still moving

1081
00:43:23,829 --> 00:43:22,079
at close to 1 000 miles an hour so

1082
00:43:28,550 --> 00:43:23,839
that's going to be really fascinating as

1083
00:43:30,870 --> 00:43:28,560
we get closer to that to that point

1084
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:30,880
we did have some questions that came in

1085
00:43:35,910 --> 00:43:33,520
uh lisa asked a question about how fast

1086
00:43:37,910 --> 00:43:35,920
the spacecraft was actually moving chris

1087
00:43:40,309 --> 00:43:37,920
hartenstein another one of our viewers

1088
00:43:42,230 --> 00:43:40,319
was able to answer that question for her

1089
00:43:45,990 --> 00:43:42,240
looking at about 24

1090
00:43:47,910 --> 00:43:46,000
600 miles per hour um it's uh it's

1091
00:43:50,309 --> 00:43:47,920
moving incredibly fast in this cruise

1092
00:43:52,309 --> 00:43:50,319
phase and uh very shortly it's going to

1093
00:43:54,630 --> 00:43:52,319
have to slow down so it'll be able to

1094
00:43:56,309 --> 00:43:54,640
land on the surface of mars so chris

1095
00:43:58,550 --> 00:43:56,319
thanks for tuning in thanks for helping

1096
00:44:02,870 --> 00:43:58,560
us to answer that question and lisa keep

1097
00:44:07,190 --> 00:44:05,270
our crew here is all very very excited

1098
00:44:09,349 --> 00:44:07,200
about the about the next phases we're

1099
00:44:12,230 --> 00:44:09,359
also pretty excited about our next uh

1100
00:44:13,990 --> 00:44:12,240
our next uh our next speaker uh another

1101
00:44:16,870 --> 00:44:14,000
subject matter expert that'll be joining

1102
00:44:19,109 --> 00:44:16,880
us and be sharing some information now

1103
00:44:21,910 --> 00:44:19,119
uh we'll be talking in that case about

1104
00:44:24,150 --> 00:44:21,920
the radio isotope power systems the

1105
00:44:27,109 --> 00:44:24,160
power system that makes it possible for

1106
00:44:29,270 --> 00:44:27,119
the rover to do its work lauren cayman

1107
00:44:31,270 --> 00:44:29,280
will be joining us she's a chief safety

1108
00:44:34,470 --> 00:44:31,280
and mission assurance officer for the

1109
00:44:37,589 --> 00:44:34,480
radio isotope power system program and

1110
00:44:39,270 --> 00:44:37,599
will present on thermal electric system

1111
00:44:42,390 --> 00:44:39,280
the thermoelectric system being used to

1112
00:44:44,790 --> 00:44:42,400
provide power uh both to the curiosity

1113
00:44:47,190 --> 00:44:44,800
rover that landed on mars nine years ago

1114
00:44:49,030 --> 00:44:47,200
as well as the perseverance rover that's

1115
00:44:51,109 --> 00:44:49,040
about to touch down i think we've got

1116
00:45:05,270 --> 00:44:51,119
her all cued up and ready to go lauren

1117
00:45:09,829 --> 00:45:07,910
hi everyone my name is lauren klein and

1118
00:45:11,510 --> 00:45:09,839
i'm with the radioisotope power systems

1119
00:45:13,430 --> 00:45:11,520
program which is at nasa's glen research

1120
00:45:16,150 --> 00:45:13,440
center in cleveland ohio

1121
00:45:17,990 --> 00:45:16,160
and you'll hear me say rps a lot today

1122
00:45:20,230 --> 00:45:18,000
which is actually short for radioisotope

1123
00:45:21,829 --> 00:45:20,240
power systems and for the program i'm

1124
00:45:22,790 --> 00:45:21,839
their chief safety and mission assurance

1125
00:45:24,550 --> 00:45:22,800
officer

1126
00:45:26,470 --> 00:45:24,560
i'm really excited to be here today to

1127
00:45:28,230 --> 00:45:26,480
talk to you and hopefully you'll learn

1128
00:45:29,589 --> 00:45:28,240
more about our program and more about

1129
00:45:31,349 --> 00:45:29,599
what i do

1130
00:45:32,950 --> 00:45:31,359
because this is a very exciting time for

1131
00:45:37,109 --> 00:45:32,960
rps

1132
00:45:38,870 --> 00:45:37,119
system

1133
00:45:40,630 --> 00:45:38,880
and i can't wait to share more with you

1134
00:45:42,790 --> 00:45:40,640
about it but before we get to

1135
00:45:45,190 --> 00:45:42,800
perseverance and mars i think it's

1136
00:45:47,510 --> 00:45:45,200
important for you to understand more

1137
00:45:50,230 --> 00:45:47,520
about what i do and the program and how

1138
00:45:54,309 --> 00:45:50,240
we help power extreme exploration for

1139
00:46:00,870 --> 00:45:58,230
so radioisotope power systems or rps

1140
00:46:04,069 --> 00:46:00,880
what what do these systems do well

1141
00:46:06,470 --> 00:46:04,079
we actually provide power to go to some

1142
00:46:08,630 --> 00:46:06,480
of the most extreme places in our solar

1143
00:46:10,309 --> 00:46:08,640
system i mean at nasa we are all about

1144
00:46:12,069 --> 00:46:10,319
exploring discovering and then

1145
00:46:15,190 --> 00:46:12,079
understanding what we get back from

1146
00:46:17,510 --> 00:46:15,200
those discoveries

1147
00:46:20,950 --> 00:46:17,520
what's really cool is that

1148
00:46:23,430 --> 00:46:20,960
in order to understand what's out there

1149
00:46:25,349 --> 00:46:23,440
we invest so much brain power into

1150
00:46:26,710 --> 00:46:25,359
getting to these destinations in our

1151
00:46:28,870 --> 00:46:26,720
solar system

1152
00:46:30,470 --> 00:46:28,880
that we learn things that we can do

1153
00:46:32,710 --> 00:46:30,480
better even here on earth with the

1154
00:46:35,109 --> 00:46:32,720
technologies that we use in space and

1155
00:46:37,190 --> 00:46:35,119
then we learn about the places in space

1156
00:46:38,069 --> 00:46:37,200
and the planetary bodies out there

1157
00:46:39,510 --> 00:46:38,079
and

1158
00:46:41,829 --> 00:46:39,520
end up learning more about earth's

1159
00:46:43,430 --> 00:46:41,839
origin just from all these places we go

1160
00:46:46,309 --> 00:46:43,440
and visit

1161
00:46:48,630 --> 00:46:46,319
and as as you can imagine compared to

1162
00:46:51,190 --> 00:46:48,640
some of the environments on earth space

1163
00:46:52,870 --> 00:46:51,200
is full of the most extreme environments

1164
00:46:55,190 --> 00:46:52,880
that you can think of they're really

1165
00:46:57,270 --> 00:46:55,200
harsh they're dark they're cold and

1166
00:46:59,430 --> 00:46:57,280
they're they're dusty

1167
00:47:01,430 --> 00:46:59,440
and we send our missions there and and

1168
00:47:03,829 --> 00:47:01,440
these missions would either be

1169
00:47:06,309 --> 00:47:03,839
impossible or very hard to do without

1170
00:47:07,910 --> 00:47:06,319
the use of nuclear power

1171
00:47:09,589 --> 00:47:07,920
and that's what a radioisotope power

1172
00:47:12,710 --> 00:47:09,599
system is

1173
00:47:14,870 --> 00:47:12,720
an rps harnesses the heat of the natural

1174
00:47:16,630 --> 00:47:14,880
radioactive decay of a material called

1175
00:47:19,109 --> 00:47:16,640
plutonium-238

1176
00:47:21,270 --> 00:47:19,119
and that heat from that decay is

1177
00:47:23,030 --> 00:47:21,280
converted into electrical power and we

1178
00:47:26,390 --> 00:47:23,040
use that to operate our spacecraft

1179
00:47:28,870 --> 00:47:26,400
systems and science instrumentation

1180
00:47:30,950 --> 00:47:28,880
and of course i talked about how

1181
00:47:34,950 --> 00:47:30,960
perseverance has one of these rps

1182
00:47:39,109 --> 00:47:34,960
systems on it but another recent example

1183
00:47:41,030 --> 00:47:39,119
of when we've used an rps system for a

1184
00:47:43,030 --> 00:47:41,040
mission was

1185
00:47:45,670 --> 00:47:43,040
the new horizons historic journey to

1186
00:47:47,670 --> 00:47:45,680
pluto that was made possible by an rps

1187
00:47:49,750 --> 00:47:47,680
system called an rtg

1188
00:47:51,190 --> 00:47:49,760
which is a radioisotope thermoelectric

1189
00:47:54,230 --> 00:47:51,200
generator

1190
00:47:57,030 --> 00:47:54,240
and um this is an rtg is exactly what we

1191
00:47:59,750 --> 00:47:57,040
have on mars curiosity rover which is

1192
00:48:02,950 --> 00:47:59,760
already up there on mars roving around

1193
00:48:04,309 --> 00:48:02,960
and um like i said what's going to be on

1194
00:48:05,910 --> 00:48:04,319
the perseverance and power and

1195
00:48:08,550 --> 00:48:05,920
perseverance

1196
00:48:14,470 --> 00:48:08,560
this particular type of rtg is called an

1197
00:48:17,750 --> 00:48:14,480
mm rtg and the mm just simply stands for

1198
00:48:19,589 --> 00:48:17,760
a system that was designed for

1199
00:48:21,109 --> 00:48:19,599
more than one specific destination in

1200
00:48:23,589 --> 00:48:21,119
mind therefore it can serve

1201
00:48:25,670 --> 00:48:23,599
multi-missions so that's a multi-mission

1202
00:48:28,069 --> 00:48:25,680
rtg

1203
00:48:31,270 --> 00:48:28,079
now i'd love to share

1204
00:48:34,069 --> 00:48:31,280
a great video with you this was made

1205
00:48:35,589 --> 00:48:34,079
several years ago back when curiosity

1206
00:48:38,390 --> 00:48:35,599
went up to mars

1207
00:48:41,030 --> 00:48:38,400
the video explains how a radioisotope

1208
00:48:43,990 --> 00:48:41,040
power system works but specifically an

1209
00:48:45,589 --> 00:48:44,000
mmrtg so just keep in mind this was on

1210
00:48:47,270 --> 00:48:45,599
curiosity and this is what's on

1211
00:48:51,490 --> 00:48:47,280
perseverance which is going to land

1212
00:49:01,510 --> 00:48:59,670
[Music]

1213
00:49:03,430 --> 00:49:01,520
if you want to drive a rover on mars you

1214
00:49:05,270 --> 00:49:03,440
have to keep in mind there's no gas

1215
00:49:08,630 --> 00:49:05,280
station for millions of miles and

1216
00:49:10,790 --> 00:49:08,640
there's no outlet to plug into for power

1217
00:49:12,549 --> 00:49:10,800
that's why nasa's curiosity rover on

1218
00:49:14,470 --> 00:49:12,559
mars and other nasa spacecraft that

1219
00:49:18,230 --> 00:49:14,480
explore the solar system is something

1220
00:49:20,630 --> 00:49:18,240
called radioisotope power

1221
00:49:23,750 --> 00:49:20,640
a radioactive substance releases heat as

1222
00:49:25,910 --> 00:49:23,760
it breaks down or decays

1223
00:49:27,990 --> 00:49:25,920
a system that converts that heat into

1224
00:49:30,549 --> 00:49:28,000
electricity is called a radioisotope

1225
00:49:31,430 --> 00:49:30,559
power system these systems get fancy

1226
00:49:33,630 --> 00:49:31,440
names

1227
00:49:37,030 --> 00:49:33,640
curiosity's power system is called the

1228
00:49:39,030 --> 00:49:37,040
mmrtg multi-mission radioisotope

1229
00:49:41,829 --> 00:49:39,040
thermoelectric generator

1230
00:49:42,790 --> 00:49:41,839
mmrtg's are reliable and lasts a long

1231
00:49:45,270 --> 00:49:42,800
time

1232
00:49:47,190 --> 00:49:45,280
engineers use this material in devices

1233
00:49:50,150 --> 00:49:47,200
called thermocouples which are used to

1234
00:49:52,470 --> 00:49:50,160
generate electricity

1235
00:49:53,990 --> 00:49:52,480
one of the thermocouple shoes is hot and

1236
00:49:55,829 --> 00:49:54,000
one is cold

1237
00:49:57,750 --> 00:49:55,839
this heat transferred across a big

1238
00:49:59,589 --> 00:49:57,760
temperature difference makes electrical

1239
00:50:01,510 --> 00:49:59,599
charges flow from the hot shoe to the

1240
00:50:03,829 --> 00:50:01,520
cold shoe and produces an electrical

1241
00:50:06,770 --> 00:50:03,839
voltage and this generates useful

1242
00:50:17,829 --> 00:50:06,780
electrical power

1243
00:50:21,109 --> 00:50:19,349
all right great

1244
00:50:24,069 --> 00:50:21,119
i love that video because i think it

1245
00:50:25,430 --> 00:50:24,079
breaks down exactly you know what this

1246
00:50:27,430 --> 00:50:25,440
what's happening when the heat is

1247
00:50:30,150 --> 00:50:27,440
released from this radioactive material

1248
00:50:31,910 --> 00:50:30,160
and the fact that we just take that heat

1249
00:50:34,309 --> 00:50:31,920
and turn it into electrical power with

1250
00:50:35,430 --> 00:50:34,319
these things called thermocouples

1251
00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:35,440
and um

1252
00:50:39,270 --> 00:50:37,599
and now it gets to power things that we

1253
00:50:41,670 --> 00:50:39,280
send up into space

1254
00:50:43,670 --> 00:50:41,680
and uh i want to show you this picture

1255
00:50:45,829 --> 00:50:43,680
it's a picture of uh

1256
00:50:46,950 --> 00:50:45,839
perseverance and

1257
00:50:48,470 --> 00:50:46,960
and uh

1258
00:50:51,430 --> 00:50:48,480
i don't know if you can

1259
00:50:54,630 --> 00:50:51,440
see very well there it's on the back of

1260
00:50:57,190 --> 00:50:54,640
this this rover and it's painted white

1261
00:51:00,549 --> 00:50:57,200
um there's a dotted line showing you

1262
00:51:02,230 --> 00:51:00,559
exactly where this mmrtg is

1263
00:51:05,910 --> 00:51:02,240
so um

1264
00:51:08,630 --> 00:51:05,920
you can imagine this particular rover is

1265
00:51:11,030 --> 00:51:08,640
i'd say roughly the size of a large golf

1266
00:51:12,549 --> 00:51:11,040
cart or a small vehicle

1267
00:51:15,510 --> 00:51:12,559
and

1268
00:51:18,710 --> 00:51:15,520
this mmrtg is giving off

1269
00:51:21,430 --> 00:51:18,720
the amount of power that i think all of

1270
00:51:23,589 --> 00:51:21,440
us are kind of used to thinking about

1271
00:51:25,829 --> 00:51:23,599
this is just a standard 100 watt light

1272
00:51:26,790 --> 00:51:25,839
bulb i have these in my house at home

1273
00:51:29,190 --> 00:51:26,800
and

1274
00:51:32,309 --> 00:51:29,200
this mmrpg is creating just over that

1275
00:51:34,950 --> 00:51:32,319
110 watts and all that power is all

1276
00:51:37,990 --> 00:51:34,960
that's needed to help this rover

1277
00:51:40,870 --> 00:51:38,000
move across across mars and do its job

1278
00:51:42,870 --> 00:51:40,880
so i think that's a big testament to the

1279
00:51:44,630 --> 00:51:42,880
ingenuity and brilliance of these great

1280
00:51:46,230 --> 00:51:44,640
scientists and engineers we have working

1281
00:51:47,829 --> 00:51:46,240
in the nasa community

1282
00:51:51,510 --> 00:51:47,839
to be able to build this kind of a

1283
00:51:53,270 --> 00:51:51,520
spacecraft with power that's equivalent

1284
00:51:55,430 --> 00:51:53,280
to about a light bulb and it can run on

1285
00:51:56,870 --> 00:51:55,440
that so i always i always that kind of

1286
00:51:58,950 --> 00:51:56,880
blows my mind a little bit i always like

1287
00:52:01,109 --> 00:51:58,960
to let people know because it's kind of

1288
00:52:06,150 --> 00:52:01,119
a very crazy thing to put in parallel

1289
00:52:12,150 --> 00:52:09,430
now i have another video for you um

1290
00:52:13,990 --> 00:52:12,160
this is a much better close-up of an

1291
00:52:16,230 --> 00:52:14,000
mmrtg

1292
00:52:17,990 --> 00:52:16,240
and i'll play this video and kind of try

1293
00:52:21,510 --> 00:52:18,000
to describe a little bit about what

1294
00:52:24,790 --> 00:52:22,230
so

1295
00:52:27,030 --> 00:52:24,800
the cylindrical portion in the center is

1296
00:52:28,790 --> 00:52:27,040
actually where the nuclear material goes

1297
00:52:31,190 --> 00:52:28,800
and it's surrounded by all these little

1298
00:52:33,270 --> 00:52:31,200
thermocouples

1299
00:52:35,270 --> 00:52:33,280
that are are taking the heat and turning

1300
00:52:37,109 --> 00:52:35,280
it into electricity

1301
00:52:38,790 --> 00:52:37,119
and if you want to break down a little

1302
00:52:40,230 --> 00:52:38,800
bit more of these these heat sources

1303
00:52:42,150 --> 00:52:40,240
made of the nuclear material they're in

1304
00:52:44,390 --> 00:52:42,160
these things that look like bricks

1305
00:52:47,270 --> 00:52:44,400
called gphs or general purpose heat

1306
00:52:49,270 --> 00:52:47,280
sources and the main thing to note here

1307
00:52:51,109 --> 00:52:49,280
is that you see these sort of orangey

1308
00:52:54,230 --> 00:52:51,119
peach colored pellets that's nuclear

1309
00:52:56,390 --> 00:52:54,240
material and there's lots of protective

1310
00:52:58,150 --> 00:52:56,400
cladding over it

1311
00:52:59,910 --> 00:52:58,160
and there's basically layers and layers

1312
00:53:01,990 --> 00:52:59,920
so once you can see how all the layers

1313
00:53:05,589 --> 00:53:02,000
fit together

1314
00:53:07,670 --> 00:53:05,599
to go inside of this gphs

1315
00:53:10,309 --> 00:53:07,680
um they're all stacked up and put in the

1316
00:53:11,829 --> 00:53:10,319
center of this mmrtg

1317
00:53:14,549 --> 00:53:11,839
that's where we keep

1318
00:53:16,630 --> 00:53:14,559
turned into electrical power

1319
00:53:18,549 --> 00:53:16,640
so i really like this animation because

1320
00:53:20,309 --> 00:53:18,559
it actually gets to show you how

1321
00:53:21,990 --> 00:53:20,319
everything fits together and i know that

1322
00:53:23,750 --> 00:53:22,000
that helps my mind understand things

1323
00:53:25,990 --> 00:53:23,760
quite a bit and then all this energy is

1324
00:53:27,589 --> 00:53:26,000
transported to the spacecraft for use

1325
00:53:30,309 --> 00:53:27,599
and you might wonder what those little

1326
00:53:33,190 --> 00:53:30,319
spokes are coming off of this thing and

1327
00:53:35,589 --> 00:53:33,200
those are just spokes for um releasing

1328
00:53:37,829 --> 00:53:35,599
or radiating off some of the extra heat

1329
00:53:39,670 --> 00:53:37,839
that comes from this nuclear material we

1330
00:53:41,190 --> 00:53:39,680
don't take all of it we can't convert it

1331
00:53:42,950 --> 00:53:41,200
all to electricity because we don't have

1332
00:53:45,349 --> 00:53:42,960
a process that's efficient enough to do

1333
00:53:47,589 --> 00:53:45,359
that so we have waste heat and we either

1334
00:53:49,270 --> 00:53:47,599
radiate it or sometimes spacecraft even

1335
00:53:52,390 --> 00:53:49,280
use this waste heat to keep their other

1336
00:53:54,390 --> 00:53:52,400
instrumentation warm enough because in

1337
00:53:55,910 --> 00:53:54,400
space in the harsh environments of space

1338
00:53:58,470 --> 00:53:55,920
you can't let certain things get too

1339
00:54:00,390 --> 00:53:58,480
cold so we can provide power and in some

1340
00:54:04,309 --> 00:54:00,400
cases we can provide heat to spacecraft

1341
00:54:10,390 --> 00:54:07,670
but um when we think about rps systems i

1342
00:54:13,430 --> 00:54:10,400
know our program likes to

1343
00:54:16,549 --> 00:54:13,440
refer to something we call the four ps

1344
00:54:18,230 --> 00:54:16,559
people power progress and production

1345
00:54:22,710 --> 00:54:18,240
you know because by nature we are

1346
00:54:25,030 --> 00:54:22,720
explorers and it all starts with people

1347
00:54:26,549 --> 00:54:25,040
the rps program is actually part of

1348
00:54:28,390 --> 00:54:26,559
nasa's science mission director it's

1349
00:54:29,990 --> 00:54:28,400
planetary science division and i

1350
00:54:31,589 --> 00:54:30,000
mentioned before we have some really

1351
00:54:32,630 --> 00:54:31,599
passionate bright people working for

1352
00:54:35,670 --> 00:54:32,640
this group

1353
00:54:37,270 --> 00:54:35,680
um and part of the responsibility i have

1354
00:54:39,750 --> 00:54:37,280
as the chief safety mission assurance

1355
00:54:42,069 --> 00:54:39,760
officer for this program is to enforce

1356
00:54:43,589 --> 00:54:42,079
nasa's top priorities

1357
00:54:45,589 --> 00:54:43,599
which is safety and of course the

1358
00:54:48,309 --> 00:54:45,599
success of our missions the safety of

1359
00:54:50,150 --> 00:54:48,319
the public and of our nasa teams is

1360
00:54:52,470 --> 00:54:50,160
always always our top priority in our

1361
00:54:55,270 --> 00:54:52,480
quest to succeed with our mission so so

1362
00:54:57,589 --> 00:54:55,280
obviously i i take that very seriously

1363
00:54:59,670 --> 00:54:57,599
and i get to work with a lot of experts

1364
00:55:01,190 --> 00:54:59,680
who know how to ensure that everything

1365
00:55:03,670 --> 00:55:01,200
that we do

1366
00:55:06,630 --> 00:55:03,680
you know during the design testing and

1367
00:55:09,750 --> 00:55:06,640
launching of an rps

1368
00:55:11,910 --> 00:55:09,760
all happen safely so i'm kind of here as

1369
00:55:13,030 --> 00:55:11,920
a resource or a checks and balance type

1370
00:55:13,829 --> 00:55:13,040
of function

1371
00:55:15,910 --> 00:55:13,839
to

1372
00:55:17,910 --> 00:55:15,920
help make sure everything works well and

1373
00:55:19,109 --> 00:55:17,920
it's successful

1374
00:55:21,190 --> 00:55:19,119
and of course

1375
00:55:22,470 --> 00:55:21,200
the the second p power we've talked

1376
00:55:25,670 --> 00:55:22,480
about that already

1377
00:55:28,950 --> 00:55:25,680
you know we provide power for spacecraft

1378
00:55:30,710 --> 00:55:28,960
for robotics um so that we can explore

1379
00:55:32,069 --> 00:55:30,720
these amazing places our solar system

1380
00:55:34,710 --> 00:55:32,079
has to offer

1381
00:55:36,549 --> 00:55:34,720
and um i think it's just quite amazing

1382
00:55:38,710 --> 00:55:36,559
when we think about the amount of power

1383
00:55:41,829 --> 00:55:38,720
that we're able to get by on using to

1384
00:55:43,829 --> 00:55:41,839
make all of these amazing things happen

1385
00:55:46,230 --> 00:55:43,839
and of course you know even though we

1386
00:55:47,829 --> 00:55:46,240
have these systems today we're always

1387
00:55:49,750 --> 00:55:47,839
pushing the boundaries and trying to

1388
00:55:51,510 --> 00:55:49,760
improve them

1389
00:55:53,349 --> 00:55:51,520
our program is continuing to invest in

1390
00:55:55,270 --> 00:55:53,359
new technology and improvements to those

1391
00:55:57,109 --> 00:55:55,280
technologies so that we can make better

1392
00:56:00,309 --> 00:55:57,119
systems and make them more efficient and

1393
00:56:02,230 --> 00:56:00,319
then in the end nasa and you know the

1394
00:56:05,750 --> 00:56:02,240
community at large we're going to lead

1395
00:56:08,069 --> 00:56:05,760
to even greater science returns

1396
00:56:11,190 --> 00:56:08,079
and then uh production

1397
00:56:12,789 --> 00:56:11,200
why is production important well um

1398
00:56:15,430 --> 00:56:12,799
you know we talked about nuclear

1399
00:56:16,549 --> 00:56:15,440
material being the fuel for these these

1400
00:56:20,069 --> 00:56:16,559
systems

1401
00:56:22,549 --> 00:56:20,079
and um you know we've gone roving on

1402
00:56:24,870 --> 00:56:22,559
mars using these systems and um we're

1403
00:56:26,549 --> 00:56:24,880
looking for in the future a mission

1404
00:56:27,829 --> 00:56:26,559
called dragonfly that plans to go to

1405
00:56:29,670 --> 00:56:27,839
saturn's moon titan we're going to have

1406
00:56:30,789 --> 00:56:29,680
an rps system there

1407
00:56:37,270 --> 00:56:30,799
and

1408
00:56:39,750 --> 00:56:37,280
missions to mars in our future um the

1409
00:56:41,030 --> 00:56:39,760
rps program has taken steps in in

1410
00:56:44,470 --> 00:56:41,040
partnership with the department of

1411
00:56:47,030 --> 00:56:44,480
energy to make sure that we have enough

1412
00:56:49,510 --> 00:56:47,040
fuel or radioactive material that makes

1413
00:56:52,390 --> 00:56:49,520
the fuel for our rps available

1414
00:56:53,510 --> 00:56:52,400
and um we're doing this with the dewey

1415
00:56:55,990 --> 00:56:53,520
through something they've established

1416
00:56:58,470 --> 00:56:56,000
called constant rate production

1417
00:57:01,670 --> 00:56:58,480
that just essentially means um

1418
00:57:03,030 --> 00:57:01,680
that material is continuously being

1419
00:57:04,789 --> 00:57:03,040
produced

1420
00:57:07,349 --> 00:57:04,799
and so that

1421
00:57:09,589 --> 00:57:07,359
once you know we can gauge what the

1422
00:57:11,510 --> 00:57:09,599
future needs of nasa are based upon

1423
00:57:14,470 --> 00:57:11,520
future missions that are planned and

1424
00:57:16,230 --> 00:57:14,480
then we'll have this fuel and material

1425
00:57:17,990 --> 00:57:16,240
available when these missions are

1426
00:57:19,750 --> 00:57:18,000
finally ready to launch

1427
00:57:21,910 --> 00:57:19,760
and this is also pretty significant

1428
00:57:23,670 --> 00:57:21,920
because in doing this the department of

1429
00:57:24,710 --> 00:57:23,680
energy has reestablished the united

1430
00:57:26,950 --> 00:57:24,720
states

1431
00:57:29,190 --> 00:57:26,960
production of this material and this was

1432
00:57:31,270 --> 00:57:29,200
just within the last several years about

1433
00:57:32,789 --> 00:57:31,280
30 years ago we lost the ability to do

1434
00:57:35,670 --> 00:57:32,799
that you know in the united states so

1435
00:57:37,910 --> 00:57:35,680
that's pretty cool for us and a fun fact

1436
00:57:39,829 --> 00:57:37,920
is that some of the first produced

1437
00:57:42,789 --> 00:57:39,839
plutonium-238

1438
00:57:44,710 --> 00:57:42,799
is even in the heat sources that are

1439
00:57:48,069 --> 00:57:44,720
going to be powering perseverance so how

1440
00:57:53,109 --> 00:57:50,870
all right well i mentioned that we have

1441
00:57:55,910 --> 00:57:53,119
a great history of

1442
00:57:57,430 --> 00:57:55,920
utilizing rps systems for some of nasa's

1443
00:58:00,950 --> 00:57:57,440
missions here you can see this is kind

1444
00:58:03,829 --> 00:58:00,960
of an eye chart but there's 25 missions

1445
00:58:05,750 --> 00:58:03,839
from the sun to pluto and beyond

1446
00:58:07,270 --> 00:58:05,760
a number of those are mars missions

1447
00:58:09,829 --> 00:58:07,280
right over here

1448
00:58:11,990 --> 00:58:09,839
um you know we're we're building a

1449
00:58:13,510 --> 00:58:12,000
pretty successful resume of of missions

1450
00:58:15,030 --> 00:58:13,520
that we've supported with our ps system

1451
00:58:16,950 --> 00:58:15,040
and that helps build our confidence that

1452
00:58:19,109 --> 00:58:16,960
these systems are reliable that they're

1453
00:58:21,109 --> 00:58:19,119
safe that they're long lasting so for me

1454
00:58:23,589 --> 00:58:21,119
in my position gathering this type of

1455
00:58:25,990 --> 00:58:23,599
information and data on the performance

1456
00:58:27,829 --> 00:58:26,000
of all these systems help to demonstrate

1457
00:58:29,030 --> 00:58:27,839
you know that you know they're

1458
00:58:30,549 --> 00:58:29,040
long-lasting and safe and that's what

1459
00:58:31,670 --> 00:58:30,559
it's important for us to do always at

1460
00:58:33,990 --> 00:58:31,680
nasa

1461
00:58:35,750 --> 00:58:34,000
and we often get asked why we use

1462
00:58:36,950 --> 00:58:35,760
plutonium-238

1463
00:58:39,510 --> 00:58:36,960
and not

1464
00:58:41,349 --> 00:58:39,520
something else and really the the truth

1465
00:58:43,430 --> 00:58:41,359
is that there are other materials

1466
00:58:45,910 --> 00:58:43,440
nuclear materials out there that are

1467
00:58:47,270 --> 00:58:45,920
radioisotope materials that would work

1468
00:58:49,510 --> 00:58:47,280
but this particular material was

1469
00:58:50,789 --> 00:58:49,520
carefully chosen for a number of reasons

1470
00:58:52,069 --> 00:58:50,799
because

1471
00:58:57,270 --> 00:58:52,079
those things made it technically and

1472
00:59:02,390 --> 00:58:59,670
as i mentioned before

1473
00:59:04,150 --> 00:59:02,400
one of the mmrtgs that's on perseverance

1474
00:59:05,670 --> 00:59:04,160
one of them is on curiosity which is

1475
00:59:07,910 --> 00:59:05,680
there right now

1476
00:59:10,950 --> 00:59:07,920
and what i like about showing some of

1477
00:59:12,789 --> 00:59:10,960
these pictures that curiosity um had

1478
00:59:15,030 --> 00:59:12,799
sent back is that

1479
00:59:17,030 --> 00:59:15,040
they're strikingly earth-like even

1480
00:59:18,789 --> 00:59:17,040
though they're extraterrestrial i mean i

1481
00:59:20,630 --> 00:59:18,799
love the bottom middle picture it really

1482
00:59:22,789 --> 00:59:20,640
does kind of just look like some place i

1483
00:59:25,510 --> 00:59:22,799
don't know maybe in in new mexico or

1484
00:59:28,230 --> 00:59:25,520
something but um you know this this did

1485
00:59:30,549 --> 00:59:28,240
a lot of excellent work taking samples

1486
00:59:33,030 --> 00:59:30,559
of rocks and soil and taking pictures

1487
00:59:35,750 --> 00:59:33,040
back for us and what's really cool about

1488
00:59:37,670 --> 00:59:35,760
this rover is that it's um

1489
00:59:40,150 --> 00:59:37,680
gosh it's been like

1490
00:59:42,710 --> 00:59:40,160
over 3 000 martian days we call them

1491
00:59:46,150 --> 00:59:42,720
souls since curiosity touched down in

1492
00:59:48,470 --> 00:59:46,160
august i think of 2012. so it's actually

1493
00:59:50,069 --> 00:59:48,480
worked well beyond its intended life and

1494
00:59:51,510 --> 00:59:50,079
keeps making new discoveries so let's

1495
00:59:52,950 --> 00:59:51,520
all keep our fingers crossed that that's

1496
00:59:57,030 --> 00:59:52,960
going to happen just the same with

1497
01:00:01,109 --> 00:59:59,589
speaking of perseverance

1498
01:00:03,670 --> 01:00:01,119
this rover

1499
01:00:05,589 --> 01:00:03,680
here and the it's the one of the top

1500
01:00:07,349 --> 01:00:05,599
left pictures this is a picture of it

1501
01:00:10,870 --> 01:00:07,359
launching it actually launched on its

1502
01:00:11,990 --> 01:00:10,880
journey to mars back in july of 2020

1503
01:00:13,990 --> 01:00:12,000
and um

1504
01:00:14,950 --> 01:00:14,000
and below it you can see actually a

1505
01:00:17,589 --> 01:00:14,960
picture

1506
01:00:19,829 --> 01:00:17,599
um of when it was getting assembled in a

1507
01:00:22,390 --> 01:00:19,839
clean room uh with the rest of the rover

1508
01:00:24,150 --> 01:00:22,400
the mmrpg is is getting you know

1509
01:00:26,470 --> 01:00:24,160
installed onto it and i think i'll talk

1510
01:00:27,270 --> 01:00:26,480
more about this picture in a few minutes

1511
01:00:29,109 --> 01:00:27,280
um

1512
01:00:31,349 --> 01:00:29,119
but the two middle pictures are pretty

1513
01:00:33,349 --> 01:00:31,359
cool because um

1514
01:00:35,430 --> 01:00:33,359
since persevere is actually the first

1515
01:00:37,270 --> 01:00:35,440
part of a three-part sample return

1516
01:00:38,630 --> 01:00:37,280
mission um we're going to end up

1517
01:00:40,630 --> 01:00:38,640
learning about

1518
01:00:42,470 --> 01:00:40,640
soil and rock samples that the rover

1519
01:00:45,030 --> 01:00:42,480
collects on mars but we're also going to

1520
01:00:47,030 --> 01:00:45,040
be testing the technology to launch a

1521
01:00:48,710 --> 01:00:47,040
spacecraft off of the mars surface which

1522
01:00:50,710 --> 01:00:48,720
has never been done before and then

1523
01:00:52,470 --> 01:00:50,720
rendezvous and dock around mars for a

1524
01:00:53,990 --> 01:00:52,480
return trip to earth which has also

1525
01:00:56,710 --> 01:00:54,000
never been done before

1526
01:00:57,829 --> 01:00:56,720
so um i mean this is a really really

1527
01:00:59,430 --> 01:00:57,839
interesting

1528
01:01:01,510 --> 01:00:59,440
thing and it's going to

1529
01:01:05,190 --> 01:01:01,520
be proving be the proving ground i think

1530
01:01:06,309 --> 01:01:05,200
for a lot of our future mars exploration

1531
01:01:08,630 --> 01:01:06,319
and um

1532
01:01:10,150 --> 01:01:08,640
you know really robotics they do pave

1533
01:01:11,670 --> 01:01:10,160
the way for human exploration they

1534
01:01:14,069 --> 01:01:11,680
provide us with a better understanding

1535
01:01:17,670 --> 01:01:14,079
of the conditions of the destinations

1536
01:01:19,589 --> 01:01:17,680
that we go to um like the geology or um

1537
01:01:21,430 --> 01:01:19,599
the atmosphere we learn if there's water

1538
01:01:24,470 --> 01:01:21,440
present or if it looks like there's

1539
01:01:27,670 --> 01:01:24,480
signs of water having existed previously

1540
01:01:30,549 --> 01:01:27,680
and really all of these types of robotic

1541
01:01:32,069 --> 01:01:30,559
missions become a precursor for human

1542
01:01:34,390 --> 01:01:32,079
exploration

1543
01:01:36,710 --> 01:01:34,400
um you know not only how we can make

1544
01:01:39,430 --> 01:01:36,720
these areas habitable

1545
01:01:41,270 --> 01:01:39,440
but also testing new technologies first

1546
01:01:43,270 --> 01:01:41,280
before we do that with humans so that we

1547
01:01:45,510 --> 01:01:43,280
don't put lives at risk and what's

1548
01:01:48,069 --> 01:01:45,520
really cool too is the apollo missions

1549
01:01:49,829 --> 01:01:48,079
that went to the moon um they also had

1550
01:01:51,990 --> 01:01:49,839
robotic precursor missions i think they

1551
01:01:53,829 --> 01:01:52,000
were it was called ranger and surveyor

1552
01:01:56,069 --> 01:01:53,839
and those missions were used to

1553
01:01:58,710 --> 01:01:56,079
determine how best to land humans on the

1554
01:02:00,150 --> 01:01:58,720
moon and return them safely home

1555
01:02:03,510 --> 01:02:00,160
so as i mentioned it's just it's so

1556
01:02:05,109 --> 01:02:03,520
important for the science to be done

1557
01:02:07,270 --> 01:02:05,119
this perseverance is going to collect

1558
01:02:09,589 --> 01:02:07,280
you can see in the bottom right is it a

1559
01:02:11,030 --> 01:02:09,599
depiction of a sample of rocks it might

1560
01:02:13,670 --> 01:02:11,040
collect it's going to think

1561
01:02:16,390 --> 01:02:13,680
take about 20 samples and leave them on

1562
01:02:18,390 --> 01:02:16,400
mars and they will be

1563
01:02:20,150 --> 01:02:18,400
intended to be picked up by a future

1564
01:02:22,230 --> 01:02:20,160
mission and brought back home so that we

1565
01:02:27,510 --> 01:02:22,240
can actually study martian

1566
01:02:30,230 --> 01:02:28,630
all right

1567
01:02:32,789 --> 01:02:30,240
well so

1568
01:02:35,349 --> 01:02:32,799
in our journey to mars of course we have

1569
01:02:37,750 --> 01:02:35,359
to integrate our mmrtg which you see

1570
01:02:38,789 --> 01:02:37,760
here in with the rest of the flight

1571
01:02:40,150 --> 01:02:38,799
hardware

1572
01:02:42,549 --> 01:02:40,160
um

1573
01:02:45,109 --> 01:02:42,559
it's really important that

1574
01:02:46,870 --> 01:02:45,119
um the system is safe while it's here on

1575
01:02:48,950 --> 01:02:46,880
earth but also when it reaches its

1576
01:02:51,510 --> 01:02:48,960
destination so you know my job has a lot

1577
01:02:52,549 --> 01:02:51,520
to do with ensuring safety and one of

1578
01:02:54,950 --> 01:02:52,559
the ways

1579
01:02:57,109 --> 01:02:54,960
we try to keep things safe for use on

1580
01:02:58,630 --> 01:02:57,119
other planets is through the extreme

1581
01:03:00,549 --> 01:02:58,640
cleanliness

1582
01:03:02,390 --> 01:03:00,559
measures being taken here on earth so we

1583
01:03:03,670 --> 01:03:02,400
use rooms called clean rooms to assemble

1584
01:03:05,270 --> 01:03:03,680
our hardware

1585
01:03:06,950 --> 01:03:05,280
and as you can imagine

1586
01:03:09,670 --> 01:03:06,960
the cleanliness of these rooms is very

1587
01:03:11,829 --> 01:03:09,680
very tightly controlled technicians

1588
01:03:14,309 --> 01:03:11,839
have to wear protective clothing at all

1589
01:03:15,589 --> 01:03:14,319
times really from like head to toe

1590
01:03:18,549 --> 01:03:15,599
and

1591
01:03:19,910 --> 01:03:18,559
you know so keeping these rooms clean

1592
01:03:21,190 --> 01:03:19,920
for the hardware and all the people in

1593
01:03:23,670 --> 01:03:21,200
the room's free from transferring

1594
01:03:25,430 --> 01:03:23,680
contaminants to the hardware you know

1595
01:03:28,230 --> 01:03:25,440
we're not only ensuring that we don't

1596
01:03:29,990 --> 01:03:28,240
scratch or gunk up the hardware but you

1597
01:03:32,630 --> 01:03:30,000
know we're keeping biological

1598
01:03:34,390 --> 01:03:32,640
contaminants off of the hardware um so

1599
01:03:35,910 --> 01:03:34,400
that whatever we send to another

1600
01:03:37,829 --> 01:03:35,920
planetary body

1601
01:03:39,109 --> 01:03:37,839
is is free from anything that we might

1602
01:03:41,029 --> 01:03:39,119
have brought from earth we don't want to

1603
01:03:42,710 --> 01:03:41,039
take any of our biology there whatever

1604
01:03:44,230 --> 01:03:42,720
we find on mars we want to know it's

1605
01:03:47,349 --> 01:03:44,240
really from mars and not something we

1606
01:03:50,390 --> 01:03:49,029
and here's really another picture kind

1607
01:03:52,309 --> 01:03:50,400
of from a different angle and with

1608
01:03:54,390 --> 01:03:52,319
people in it so it's kind of what you

1609
01:03:56,789 --> 01:03:54,400
just saw

1610
01:03:59,029 --> 01:03:56,799
but i love this picture because it gives

1611
01:04:00,630 --> 01:03:59,039
you this the sense of scale for how big

1612
01:04:03,029 --> 01:04:00,640
this is it really is kind of like the

1613
01:04:05,029 --> 01:04:03,039
size of a small golf cart

1614
01:04:06,789 --> 01:04:05,039
and here you can see

1615
01:04:08,950 --> 01:04:06,799
the the

1616
01:04:11,589 --> 01:04:08,960
technicians helping to install this this

1617
01:04:13,910 --> 01:04:11,599
was actually what's called a hot fit

1618
01:04:18,150 --> 01:04:13,920
check where wherein

1619
01:04:21,029 --> 01:04:18,160
the mmrtg is being loaded onto

1620
01:04:22,870 --> 01:04:21,039
the the rover and the hot part of hot

1621
01:04:25,109 --> 01:04:22,880
fit check simply means they're loading

1622
01:04:29,990 --> 01:04:25,119
in the fuel because once the fuel is in

1623
01:04:33,510 --> 01:04:32,150
it stays more generating heat and so

1624
01:04:35,829 --> 01:04:33,520
this is what's called a hot fit check

1625
01:04:37,990 --> 01:04:35,839
they have to make sure everything is uh

1626
01:04:38,870 --> 01:04:38,000
integrated properly

1627
01:04:40,870 --> 01:04:38,880
but

1628
01:04:43,109 --> 01:04:40,880
these are real people who are able to be

1629
01:04:44,789 --> 01:04:43,119
around this radioactive material because

1630
01:04:46,789 --> 01:04:44,799
of all the safety being built into

1631
01:04:48,710 --> 01:04:46,799
making the heat sources you know from

1632
01:04:50,789 --> 01:04:48,720
how the material is produced all the way

1633
01:04:52,470 --> 01:04:50,799
to how we have fully safeguarded the

1634
01:04:56,710 --> 01:04:52,480
system that's integrated with the rest

1635
01:05:03,109 --> 01:04:57,589
now

1636
01:05:05,270 --> 01:05:03,119
learn about the mmrtg that will be on

1637
01:05:06,390 --> 01:05:05,280
perseverance this is a cool animation

1638
01:05:07,910 --> 01:05:06,400
and you might have seen something like

1639
01:05:09,270 --> 01:05:07,920
this before or you will see something

1640
01:05:11,270 --> 01:05:09,280
like this later today but this is

1641
01:05:14,230 --> 01:05:11,280
basically the landing sequence that will

1642
01:05:16,390 --> 01:05:14,240
be happening um in just a few hours and

1643
01:05:18,710 --> 01:05:16,400
now hopefully you can pick out and see

1644
01:05:24,410 --> 01:05:18,720
where the mmrpg is

1645
01:05:24,420 --> 01:05:39,430
[Music]

1646
01:05:39,440 --> 01:05:48,770
so

1647
01:05:48,780 --> 01:06:03,109
[Music]

1648
01:06:20,630 --> 01:06:04,789
you see it

1649
01:06:23,750 --> 01:06:22,549
i love that video it's hard to believe

1650
01:06:26,870 --> 01:06:23,760
that that's what's going to be happening

1651
01:06:28,710 --> 01:06:26,880
later today um but another fun fact is

1652
01:06:31,750 --> 01:06:28,720
that i think the mars distance from

1653
01:06:34,549 --> 01:06:31,760
earth today is about 127 million miles

1654
01:06:36,549 --> 01:06:34,559
and we get to see this landing

1655
01:06:38,150 --> 01:06:36,559
near real time as it's happening on

1656
01:06:40,549 --> 01:06:38,160
something that far away

1657
01:06:41,750 --> 01:06:40,559
and um and i also find it very cool to

1658
01:06:43,910 --> 01:06:41,760
know that this thing is going to be

1659
01:06:44,710 --> 01:06:43,920
plummeting through mars atmosphere at

1660
01:06:46,630 --> 01:06:44,720
like

1661
01:06:48,390 --> 01:06:46,640
12 thousand miles per hour or something

1662
01:06:49,430 --> 01:06:48,400
like that and it's going to get slowed

1663
01:06:51,910 --> 01:06:49,440
down

1664
01:06:54,549 --> 01:06:51,920
um so to roughly something about two

1665
01:06:57,029 --> 01:06:54,559
miles per hour before it lands on the

1666
01:06:59,029 --> 01:06:57,039
surface of mars so i don't know how

1667
01:07:01,589 --> 01:06:59,039
these engineers do it but um it's going

1668
01:07:06,309 --> 01:07:01,599
to land slowly and softly and landing on

1669
01:07:09,990 --> 01:07:07,990
all right well one thing i like to share

1670
01:07:12,309 --> 01:07:10,000
with everybody is that

1671
01:07:15,069 --> 01:07:12,319
we have the rps program has a really

1672
01:07:17,589 --> 01:07:15,079
great website it's at

1673
01:07:19,270 --> 01:07:17,599
rps.nasa.gov and one of a really cool

1674
01:07:21,589 --> 01:07:19,280
new feature that we have on the website

1675
01:07:24,470 --> 01:07:21,599
is this thing called power to explore

1676
01:07:26,390 --> 01:07:24,480
experience it's a 3d viewer wherein you

1677
01:07:29,029 --> 01:07:26,400
can go and take a look a closer look at

1678
01:07:31,349 --> 01:07:29,039
the mmrtg on nasa's perseverance rover

1679
01:07:33,829 --> 01:07:31,359
so i really encourage you to go and try

1680
01:07:39,510 --> 01:07:33,839
to interact with this new 3d viewer on

1681
01:07:43,349 --> 01:07:40,309
and

1682
01:07:45,029 --> 01:07:43,359
like i said here's the website again um

1683
01:07:47,029 --> 01:07:45,039
and uh

1684
01:07:49,190 --> 01:07:47,039
we we have extra we have i think all the

1685
01:07:51,990 --> 01:07:49,200
videos that i showed today as well as

1686
01:07:53,910 --> 01:07:52,000
quite a few more on there um we have

1687
01:07:55,990 --> 01:07:53,920
excellent resources you can learn more

1688
01:07:59,109 --> 01:07:56,000
about other rps systems all of the

1689
01:07:59,990 --> 01:07:59,119
missions that we've had rps on

1690
01:08:01,910 --> 01:08:00,000
and

1691
01:08:04,150 --> 01:08:01,920
i i really hope you go take a look at

1692
01:08:05,910 --> 01:08:04,160
this this website um

1693
01:08:07,829 --> 01:08:05,920
i'm so happy again for having been here

1694
01:08:09,990 --> 01:08:07,839
with you today i know that perseverance

1695
01:08:11,990 --> 01:08:10,000
is i think the most sophisticated rover

1696
01:08:13,109 --> 01:08:12,000
that we've ever sent to mars

1697
01:08:14,789 --> 01:08:13,119
i mean it could be one of the most

1698
01:08:16,550 --> 01:08:14,799
sophisticated and complex spacecraft

1699
01:08:18,550 --> 01:08:16,560
that's ever gone into space

1700
01:08:21,749 --> 01:08:18,560
and uh i know the name perseverance

1701
01:08:23,990 --> 01:08:21,759
really embodies all of nasa's passion

1702
01:08:26,470 --> 01:08:24,000
for taking on an overcoming challenges

1703
01:08:28,390 --> 01:08:26,480
so you know in the future when we go

1704
01:08:30,070 --> 01:08:28,400
from from earth to

1705
01:08:31,990 --> 01:08:30,080
back to the moon you know more missions

1706
01:08:34,550 --> 01:08:32,000
to mars

1707
01:08:36,470 --> 01:08:34,560
the power for robotic and human missions

1708
01:08:38,550 --> 01:08:36,480
is going to be really critical and these

1709
01:08:39,669 --> 01:08:38,560
nuclear power systems can really pave

1710
01:08:41,669 --> 01:08:39,679
the way

1711
01:08:43,349 --> 01:08:41,679
so thank you so much for your time today

1712
01:08:45,430 --> 01:08:43,359
i really enjoyed talking to you and

1713
01:08:53,030 --> 01:08:45,440
enjoy the landing later thank you so

1714
01:08:57,269 --> 01:08:55,110
once again folks that was lauren kamen

1715
01:08:59,749 --> 01:08:57,279
she's the chief safety and mission

1716
01:09:01,829 --> 01:08:59,759
assurance officer for the radio isotope

1717
01:09:03,669 --> 01:09:01,839
power system program

1718
01:09:07,110 --> 01:09:03,679
and it was really a thrill to have her

1719
01:09:09,669 --> 01:09:07,120
with us um really fascinating i i loved

1720
01:09:11,510 --> 01:09:09,679
her explanations and uh and of course

1721
01:09:13,590 --> 01:09:11,520
the uh the visuals that she provided

1722
01:09:15,349 --> 01:09:13,600
were just amazing you know i've been

1723
01:09:17,189 --> 01:09:15,359
monitoring all of our different social

1724
01:09:19,269 --> 01:09:17,199
media channels and we've got folks that

1725
01:09:21,669 --> 01:09:19,279
are that are tuning in they're asking

1726
01:09:24,390 --> 01:09:21,679
all kinds of questions got a question

1727
01:09:26,149 --> 01:09:24,400
here from uh from little billy in rocky

1728
01:09:27,590 --> 01:09:26,159
river ohio

1729
01:09:29,030 --> 01:09:27,600
and um

1730
01:09:31,349 --> 01:09:29,040
and uh

1731
01:09:33,430 --> 01:09:31,359
very interesting question that he had

1732
01:09:35,510 --> 01:09:33,440
one that i that i actually hear a lot we

1733
01:09:38,789 --> 01:09:35,520
took a moment and had to search for a

1734
01:09:42,390 --> 01:09:38,799
video and i think we found one for it um

1735
01:09:44,390 --> 01:09:42,400
billy wanted to know is uh is mars

1736
01:09:49,430 --> 01:09:44,400
really red

1737
01:09:51,110 --> 01:09:49,440
twitter feed and and i think we've got a

1738
01:09:53,749 --> 01:09:51,120
video that might be able to answer that

1739
01:09:55,430 --> 01:09:53,759
question for you billy so uh so take a

1740
01:09:59,030 --> 01:09:55,440
look at this video that was produced by

1741
01:10:01,030 --> 01:09:59,040
the jet propulsion laboratory that's jpl

1742
01:11:03,830 --> 01:10:01,040
out in pasadena california might be able

1743
01:11:08,229 --> 01:11:05,910
so billy that was a great question that

1744
01:11:11,590 --> 01:11:08,239
you had and now you know the soil on

1745
01:11:14,470 --> 01:11:11,600
mars is oxidizing it's rusting right

1746
01:11:16,390 --> 01:11:14,480
before our very eyes very cool question

1747
01:11:19,030 --> 01:11:16,400
thanks for writing it in and keep those

1748
01:11:23,510 --> 01:11:19,040
questions coming uh again we see lots of

1749
01:11:26,950 --> 01:11:23,520
people who are joining us hi to uh c d z

1750
01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:26,960
and uh zac powell i i agree what we've

1751
01:11:31,910 --> 01:11:29,760
been seeing so far is amazing hey jersey

1752
01:11:34,390 --> 01:11:31,920
good to have you here we've also got

1753
01:11:36,790 --> 01:11:34,400
some uh some stem professionals that are

1754
01:11:40,070 --> 01:11:36,800
with us as well uh the person with the

1755
01:11:41,590 --> 01:11:40,080
handle f1 rocket engine very very cool

1756
01:11:44,630 --> 01:11:41,600
good to have you with us

1757
01:11:46,950 --> 01:11:44,640
and uh nasa glenn uh sent a quick

1758
01:11:49,350 --> 01:11:46,960
message if you want to follow the

1759
01:11:52,149 --> 01:11:49,360
progress of the uh of the perseverance

1760
01:11:55,910 --> 01:11:52,159
rover in real time you can do that by

1761
01:11:57,669 --> 01:11:55,920
simply going to mars.nasa.gov

1762
01:11:59,350 --> 01:11:57,679
mars 2020

1763
01:12:01,910 --> 01:11:59,360
slash timeline

1764
01:12:03,910 --> 01:12:01,920
slash cruise and that will give you the

1765
01:12:06,229 --> 01:12:03,920
up-to-date information

1766
01:12:08,950 --> 01:12:06,239
we have time for just one more question

1767
01:12:12,709 --> 01:12:08,960
before we move on and it's a quick one

1768
01:12:15,110 --> 01:12:12,719
this question came from uh from nora

1769
01:12:18,229 --> 01:12:15,120
and nora wanted to know uh how do we

1770
01:12:53,750 --> 01:12:18,239
land on mars let's take a look another

1771
01:13:26,149 --> 01:13:21,350
so

1772
01:13:28,470 --> 01:13:26,159
plenty of options just depends on the

1773
01:13:30,790 --> 01:13:28,480
size of your lander and what you want to

1774
01:13:32,709 --> 01:13:30,800
do with it once it gets here so i hope

1775
01:13:34,790 --> 01:13:32,719
that that answered your question i

1776
01:13:37,189 --> 01:13:34,800
thought that was a pretty cool video and

1777
01:13:39,750 --> 01:13:37,199
speaking of landing systems our next uh

1778
01:13:41,590 --> 01:13:39,760
our next featured uh stem professional

1779
01:13:44,070 --> 01:13:41,600
we'll be talking about the parachute

1780
01:13:46,790 --> 01:13:44,080
decelerator system that's being used for

1781
01:13:49,669 --> 01:13:46,800
the perseverance rover lance foster is a

1782
01:13:52,950 --> 01:13:49,679
research aerospace engineer who oversaw

1783
01:13:56,229 --> 01:13:52,960
the parachute testing in nasa glenn's 10

1784
01:13:58,470 --> 01:13:56,239
by 10 supersonic wind tunnel and and

1785
01:14:00,790 --> 01:13:58,480
he's here to talk not only about about

1786
01:14:03,189 --> 01:14:00,800
the testing but the role that nasa glenn

1787
01:14:04,870 --> 01:14:03,199
had in validating the various models

1788
01:14:06,630 --> 01:14:04,880
that were used for the parachute

1789
01:14:24,310 --> 01:14:06,640
decelerator system

1790
01:14:29,910 --> 01:14:27,750
hi i'm lance foster i'm an aerospace

1791
01:14:32,630 --> 01:14:29,920
engineer at nasa glenn research center

1792
01:14:35,110 --> 01:14:32,640
and i'm going to talk today about the

1793
01:14:35,910 --> 01:14:35,120
parachute testing that rules

1794
01:14:38,709 --> 01:14:35,920
uh

1795
01:14:41,030 --> 01:14:38,719
about the technical parachute or the

1796
01:14:42,870 --> 01:14:41,040
perseverance rover will develop all the

1797
01:14:46,709 --> 01:14:42,880
same kind of parachute we used for the

1798
01:14:48,310 --> 01:14:46,719
curiosity rover so first to just kind of

1799
01:14:50,310 --> 01:14:48,320
orient you and

1800
01:14:52,630 --> 01:14:50,320
give you an idea

1801
01:14:54,630 --> 01:14:52,640
when and how we use the parachute i'm

1802
01:14:57,110 --> 01:14:54,640
going to show a little video that's

1803
01:14:59,750 --> 01:14:57,120
going to show some of the uh

1804
01:15:02,870 --> 01:14:59,760
the process that perseverance is using

1805
01:15:13,270 --> 01:15:02,880
to enter the martian atmosphere so now

1806
01:15:13,280 --> 01:15:15,750
all right

1807
01:15:21,350 --> 01:15:19,030
so this is after the capsule uh

1808
01:15:24,310 --> 01:15:21,360
containing the perseverance rover has

1809
01:15:26,470 --> 01:15:24,320
finally reached the martian atmosphere

1810
01:15:29,430 --> 01:15:26,480
so it's just touching the atmosphere of

1811
01:15:31,910 --> 01:15:29,440
mars and it's getting very hot as it's

1812
01:15:34,390 --> 01:15:31,920
entering that front side the capsule is

1813
01:15:35,430 --> 01:15:34,400
the heat shield so we're entering mars

1814
01:15:38,709 --> 01:15:35,440
air

1815
01:15:40,550 --> 01:15:38,719
atmosphere

1816
01:15:42,790 --> 01:15:40,560
and the rove

1817
01:15:43,590 --> 01:15:42,800
inside of this capsule

1818
01:15:45,669 --> 01:15:43,600
so

1819
01:15:47,430 --> 01:15:45,679
as we're getting closer what you're

1820
01:15:49,910 --> 01:15:47,440
gonna see shortly

1821
01:15:52,630 --> 01:15:49,920
the heat shield which is on the front of

1822
01:15:55,510 --> 01:15:52,640
the capsule it's gonna release

1823
01:15:57,270 --> 01:15:55,520
that is the parachute opening which is

1824
01:16:00,149 --> 01:15:57,280
that is the part we will talk the most

1825
01:16:02,229 --> 01:16:00,159
about today um

1826
01:16:05,270 --> 01:16:02,239
once the parachute opens

1827
01:16:07,189 --> 01:16:05,280
this is still supersonic speed that uh

1828
01:16:09,189 --> 01:16:07,199
this capsule is falling super signing

1829
01:16:11,510 --> 01:16:09,199
meaning so we're still going faster than

1830
01:16:14,149 --> 01:16:11,520
the speed of sound and this parachute

1831
01:16:15,270 --> 01:16:14,159
opens and it's going to slow the rover

1832
01:16:17,510 --> 01:16:15,280
down

1833
01:16:19,830 --> 01:16:17,520
from supersonic speed

1834
01:16:21,750 --> 01:16:19,840
so we're going to get to subsonic speed

1835
01:16:23,750 --> 01:16:21,760
and once that happens

1836
01:16:26,950 --> 01:16:23,760
capsule cracks open

1837
01:16:28,310 --> 01:16:26,960
the sky crane comes out with the rocket

1838
01:16:30,310 --> 01:16:28,320
boosters

1839
01:16:32,790 --> 01:16:30,320
and it's going to

1840
01:16:35,590 --> 01:16:32,800
continue to lower the rover down to the

1841
01:16:38,390 --> 01:16:35,600
martian surface now a natural question

1842
01:16:40,470 --> 01:16:38,400
people ask is well you've got this thing

1843
01:16:42,550 --> 01:16:40,480
with the rocket boosters why wouldn't

1844
01:16:45,510 --> 01:16:42,560
you use the rocket boosters to lower it

1845
01:16:47,270 --> 01:16:45,520
all the way down to the surface

1846
01:16:50,390 --> 01:16:47,280
great question

1847
01:16:53,669 --> 01:16:50,400
this rover is heavier than previous

1848
01:16:55,750 --> 01:16:53,679
rovers and it's so heavy

1849
01:16:57,590 --> 01:16:55,760
that if they lowered it all the way down

1850
01:17:00,149 --> 01:16:57,600
to the martian surface the rocket

1851
01:17:02,390 --> 01:17:00,159
boosters would create a giant crater

1852
01:17:03,910 --> 01:17:02,400
around the rover and the rover would be

1853
01:17:06,550 --> 01:17:03,920
stuck and that would kind of be the

1854
01:17:07,590 --> 01:17:06,560
mission so the road the sky crane lowers

1855
01:17:13,030 --> 01:17:07,600
it

1856
01:17:15,910 --> 01:17:13,040
crane flies away

1857
01:17:18,950 --> 01:17:15,920
all right so that is it for that video

1858
01:17:24,229 --> 01:17:21,830
what we did at nasa glenn research

1859
01:17:26,870 --> 01:17:24,239
center in our 10 foot by 10 foot

1860
01:17:29,350 --> 01:17:26,880
supersonic wind tunnel we did wind

1861
01:17:32,149 --> 01:17:29,360
tunnel testing of the parachute that was

1862
01:17:33,189 --> 01:17:32,159
used for the rover so i'm going to

1863
01:17:34,870 --> 01:17:33,199
quickly

1864
01:17:36,709 --> 01:17:34,880
uh this is where i

1865
01:17:38,870 --> 01:17:36,719
i guess i'm not going to take much time

1866
01:17:41,990 --> 01:17:38,880
between i'm going to go to another video

1867
01:17:44,470 --> 01:17:42,000
i have and this will kind of show how

1868
01:17:45,990 --> 01:17:44,480
our test article a test article that's

1869
01:17:47,669 --> 01:17:46,000
what we call the model we put in the

1870
01:17:50,070 --> 01:17:47,679
tunnel and our test article is the

1871
01:17:51,030 --> 01:17:50,080
capsule and parachute and i'll show you

1872
01:17:53,830 --> 01:17:51,040
how

1873
01:17:58,709 --> 01:17:53,840
that relates to what you just saw

1874
01:18:02,630 --> 01:18:00,870
so yet again

1875
01:18:05,030 --> 01:18:02,640
this is our capsule attached to the

1876
01:18:06,709 --> 01:18:05,040
parachute and this is our tunnel this is

1877
01:18:09,990 --> 01:18:06,719
our model capsule

1878
01:18:11,830 --> 01:18:10,000
and you see lines coming from the model

1879
01:18:14,070 --> 01:18:11,840
these are technicians putting it

1880
01:18:15,750 --> 01:18:14,080
together that's christy our test

1881
01:18:18,550 --> 01:18:15,760
engineer and now

1882
01:18:20,390 --> 01:18:18,560
the test in the wind tunnel

1883
01:18:23,430 --> 01:18:20,400
this is where we

1884
01:18:25,110 --> 01:18:23,440
fire the charge and boom we pop open the

1885
01:18:26,870 --> 01:18:25,120
parachute

1886
01:18:29,270 --> 01:18:26,880
okay

1887
01:18:32,630 --> 01:18:29,280
so this is the actual test article that

1888
01:18:35,030 --> 01:18:32,640
we tested in the wind tunnel and we had

1889
01:18:37,270 --> 01:18:35,040
air blowing it mock

1890
01:18:40,149 --> 01:18:37,280
two and a half up to two and eight point

1891
01:18:48,149 --> 01:18:40,159
eight for some of the data i'm going to

1892
01:18:52,310 --> 01:18:50,149
so

1893
01:18:54,470 --> 01:18:52,320
i guess the first thing is

1894
01:18:56,550 --> 01:18:54,480
why are we doing this testing why did we

1895
01:18:57,830 --> 01:18:56,560
do this what did we want to know

1896
01:19:00,470 --> 01:18:57,840
um

1897
01:19:03,110 --> 01:19:00,480
so the job of the parachute first and

1898
01:19:05,430 --> 01:19:03,120
foremost uh the job of any parachute is

1899
01:19:07,430 --> 01:19:05,440
to decelerate an object that you're

1900
01:19:09,830 --> 01:19:07,440
dropping just like when a person jumps

1901
01:19:12,390 --> 01:19:09,840
out of a plane and they open a parachute

1902
01:19:14,790 --> 01:19:12,400
the job of the parachute is to slow down

1903
01:19:18,310 --> 01:19:14,800
the object that's falling so that it can

1904
01:19:19,910 --> 01:19:18,320
land at a safe speed so

1905
01:19:21,189 --> 01:19:19,920
coming into the test um

1906
01:19:23,030 --> 01:19:21,199
[Music]

1907
01:19:25,350 --> 01:19:23,040
we had already done

1908
01:19:27,669 --> 01:19:25,360
a lot of other testing and the jpl

1909
01:19:31,910 --> 01:19:27,679
people had already done some modeling

1910
01:19:34,310 --> 01:19:31,920
and this was a follow-on test to verify

1911
01:19:36,470 --> 01:19:34,320
that the models they were using were

1912
01:19:39,270 --> 01:19:36,480
accurate so what i don't show you

1913
01:19:41,669 --> 01:19:39,280
pictures of before that test we did a

1914
01:19:44,149 --> 01:19:41,679
test with a hard shell canopy and that's

1915
01:19:47,030 --> 01:19:44,159
where it was basically a parachute but

1916
01:19:49,430 --> 01:19:47,040
it was a metal model of the parachute

1917
01:19:52,149 --> 01:19:49,440
that didn't flex and it just sat there

1918
01:19:53,990 --> 01:19:52,159
and we we measured the forces that that

1919
01:19:56,709 --> 01:19:54,000
parachute was pulling on the capsule

1920
01:19:59,430 --> 01:19:56,719
with and after doing that test

1921
01:20:02,070 --> 01:19:59,440
and continued work by the jpl folks and

1922
01:20:05,030 --> 01:20:02,080
other modeling the uh that data looked

1923
01:20:07,669 --> 01:20:05,040
good so then we went to the the soft

1924
01:20:10,310 --> 01:20:07,679
shell canopy test and that was the

1925
01:20:13,030 --> 01:20:10,320
parachute that you just saw open and

1926
01:20:15,830 --> 01:20:13,040
what we were looking to see

1927
01:20:18,229 --> 01:20:15,840
we were looking to measure the loads uh

1928
01:20:19,510 --> 01:20:18,239
the the parachute put on the capsule so

1929
01:20:22,229 --> 01:20:19,520
we want to know

1930
01:20:25,189 --> 01:20:22,239
how hard is this parachute pulling on

1931
01:20:27,430 --> 01:20:25,199
the capsule that's called a drag force

1932
01:20:30,470 --> 01:20:27,440
so how much drag force do we have and

1933
01:20:32,950 --> 01:20:30,480
the amount of drag force that tells us

1934
01:20:35,590 --> 01:20:32,960
how well the parachute is going to slow

1935
01:20:36,950 --> 01:20:35,600
down the capsule and also

1936
01:20:40,790 --> 01:20:36,960
uh

1937
01:20:44,870 --> 01:20:40,800
i do want to show this picture again

1938
01:20:48,149 --> 01:20:44,880
so if you look here at the parachute

1939
01:20:51,110 --> 01:20:48,159
this is what's called a disc gap band

1940
01:20:54,550 --> 01:20:51,120
configuration and what that means is the

1941
01:20:56,790 --> 01:20:54,560
parachute consists of a disc like um

1942
01:20:59,350 --> 01:20:56,800
like most parachutes then there's a gap

1943
01:21:01,270 --> 01:20:59,360
there's a space where the fabric is open

1944
01:21:03,430 --> 01:21:01,280
and then another band

1945
01:21:06,229 --> 01:21:03,440
so this is called the disc gap band

1946
01:21:08,550 --> 01:21:06,239
parachute and we use this because it's a

1947
01:21:09,590 --> 01:21:08,560
supersonic parachute you know i'm sure

1948
01:21:12,310 --> 01:21:09,600
you've seen

1949
01:21:14,790 --> 01:21:12,320
usually um here on earth when somebody

1950
01:21:16,630 --> 01:21:14,800
jumps out in the parachute it's just the

1951
01:21:18,870 --> 01:21:16,640
i guess the disc part you know it's just

1952
01:21:20,229 --> 01:21:18,880
one side it's just one parachute with no

1953
01:21:23,110 --> 01:21:20,239
holes in it

1954
01:21:25,189 --> 01:21:23,120
because this parachute um is working at

1955
01:21:27,830 --> 01:21:25,199
supersonic speed

1956
01:21:29,830 --> 01:21:27,840
they found that it was more stable if

1957
01:21:31,990 --> 01:21:29,840
you have that gap in there so that it

1958
01:21:35,110 --> 01:21:32,000
can breathe and some of the air can get

1959
01:21:37,830 --> 01:21:35,120
out some so that um this this gap band

1960
01:21:39,430 --> 01:21:37,840
configuration is for a supersonic wind

1961
01:21:41,189 --> 01:21:39,440
tunnel

1962
01:21:44,470 --> 01:21:41,199
another thing you'll see

1963
01:21:47,189 --> 01:21:44,480
um there's a lot of little white dots on

1964
01:21:50,149 --> 01:21:47,199
the parachute all those white dots are

1965
01:21:52,790 --> 01:21:50,159
for a process we call photogrammetry now

1966
01:21:55,030 --> 01:21:52,800
some of you watching um probably like to

1967
01:21:57,750 --> 01:21:55,040
play video games and particularly if

1968
01:22:00,070 --> 01:21:57,760
you've seen on sports video games when

1969
01:22:02,790 --> 01:22:00,080
they're making the game and they'll put

1970
01:22:05,110 --> 01:22:02,800
the athlete in that black suit with the

1971
01:22:07,189 --> 01:22:05,120
little white dots on it and they use

1972
01:22:09,430 --> 01:22:07,199
that so they can get the motions just

1973
01:22:11,350 --> 01:22:09,440
right so that makes if you're playing a

1974
01:22:13,510 --> 01:22:11,360
basketball game it makes the motions

1975
01:22:15,750 --> 01:22:13,520
look really realistic or a football game

1976
01:22:17,669 --> 01:22:15,760
where they have the people do the moves

1977
01:22:20,790 --> 01:22:17,679
and they can make video game characters

1978
01:22:23,750 --> 01:22:20,800
that look like it so photogrammetry

1979
01:22:25,990 --> 01:22:23,760
we put these dots all over the parachute

1980
01:22:27,270 --> 01:22:26,000
and we have an array of cameras and what

1981
01:22:30,470 --> 01:22:27,280
happens

1982
01:22:33,270 --> 01:22:30,480
with the cameras working together we're

1983
01:22:36,070 --> 01:22:33,280
able to track in three dimensions the

1984
01:22:37,910 --> 01:22:36,080
positions of each of those dots and this

1985
01:22:40,470 --> 01:22:37,920
is important for this testing because

1986
01:22:41,910 --> 01:22:40,480
when that parachute opens it doesn't

1987
01:22:44,790 --> 01:22:41,920
just

1988
01:22:46,950 --> 01:22:44,800
open and sit there uh the parachute it

1989
01:22:50,070 --> 01:22:46,960
kind of moves around

1990
01:22:52,470 --> 01:22:50,080
and it breathes and kind and

1991
01:22:55,990 --> 01:22:52,480
and gyrates so

1992
01:22:58,390 --> 01:22:56,000
by doing photogrammetry um the jpl

1993
01:23:00,470 --> 01:22:58,400
researchers were able to measure the

1994
01:23:02,870 --> 01:23:00,480
motions of the parachute and see if

1995
01:23:06,310 --> 01:23:02,880
there were any particular frequencies

1996
01:23:07,830 --> 01:23:06,320
any patterns they wanted to see in what

1997
01:23:08,870 --> 01:23:07,840
was happening with the parachute

1998
01:23:12,790 --> 01:23:08,880
movement

1999
01:23:15,189 --> 01:23:12,800
um so that and we can stop

2000
01:23:17,030 --> 01:23:15,199
shouldn't have surprised you

2001
01:23:19,750 --> 01:23:17,040
can stop sharing so

2002
01:23:22,470 --> 01:23:19,760
that was um

2003
01:23:24,709 --> 01:23:22,480
a really exciting experience i think

2004
01:23:26,870 --> 01:23:24,719
it's funny when things like this happen

2005
01:23:29,669 --> 01:23:26,880
you know we did this test and

2006
01:23:33,110 --> 01:23:29,679
we the jpl folks got their data and they

2007
01:23:34,629 --> 01:23:33,120
went back and it was some years later um

2008
01:23:36,220 --> 01:23:34,639
i think this testing happened in

2009
01:23:37,910 --> 01:23:36,230
probably 2000

2010
01:23:39,910 --> 01:23:37,920
[Music]

2011
01:23:41,350 --> 01:23:39,920
maybe 2008

2012
01:23:44,790 --> 01:23:41,360
um so

2013
01:23:47,510 --> 01:23:44,800
we sent the curiosity rover uh nasa sent

2014
01:23:50,070 --> 01:23:47,520
that up in 2012 so

2015
01:23:52,790 --> 01:23:50,080
we had already done the testing and it

2016
01:23:54,550 --> 01:23:52,800
was years later when we heard oh yeah

2017
01:23:56,149 --> 01:23:54,560
you know that parachute that uh that

2018
01:23:59,030 --> 01:23:56,159
they tested here they're going to do

2019
01:24:01,189 --> 01:23:59,040
that they're sending it up so just the

2020
01:24:04,310 --> 01:24:01,199
timeline

2021
01:24:05,910 --> 01:24:04,320
when you see these things happening um

2022
01:24:07,750 --> 01:24:05,920
you know and we use that parachute to

2023
01:24:09,430 --> 01:24:07,760
land curiosity and that's the same kind

2024
01:24:10,790 --> 01:24:09,440
of parachute that's going to land

2025
01:24:13,270 --> 01:24:10,800
perseverance

2026
01:24:16,550 --> 01:24:13,280
on the surface when you see these things

2027
01:24:19,669 --> 01:24:16,560
happen it's a long timeline and a lot of

2028
01:24:21,110 --> 01:24:19,679
work by a lot of people uh that goes

2029
01:24:23,669 --> 01:24:21,120
into that when you see one of these

2030
01:24:26,709 --> 01:24:23,679
things happen so every piece of a

2031
01:24:28,550 --> 01:24:26,719
mission like this you've got thousands

2032
01:24:30,950 --> 01:24:28,560
of different systems you've got the

2033
01:24:33,990 --> 01:24:30,960
parachute you've got the rocket boosters

2034
01:24:36,149 --> 01:24:34,000
for the sky crane you've got materials

2035
01:24:38,790 --> 01:24:36,159
work for the heat shield you've got all

2036
01:24:41,430 --> 01:24:38,800
these thousands of components

2037
01:24:44,070 --> 01:24:41,440
so you have all these parallel research

2038
01:24:47,030 --> 01:24:44,080
programs going where people are working

2039
01:24:49,270 --> 01:24:47,040
um are gonna find different solutions to

2040
01:24:52,790 --> 01:24:49,280
problems we have to solve to make this

2041
01:24:54,790 --> 01:24:52,800
thing work i'm gonna show i've got a

2042
01:24:57,270 --> 01:24:54,800
picture of the

2043
01:25:02,390 --> 01:24:57,280
of some of the test team it's not

2044
01:25:08,149 --> 01:25:05,270
so there there's some of us that uh

2045
01:25:10,310 --> 01:25:08,159
that dapper young gentleman who uh who

2046
01:25:12,550 --> 01:25:10,320
looks very sleepy from third shift

2047
01:25:15,669 --> 01:25:12,560
testing in the back row that's me

2048
01:25:17,990 --> 01:25:15,679
and you see uh christy pastor barcy is

2049
01:25:19,669 --> 01:25:18,000
in there jim rohder anita sengupta and

2050
01:25:22,149 --> 01:25:19,679
that's um

2051
01:25:25,430 --> 01:25:22,159
engineers and technicians and this by no

2052
01:25:27,669 --> 01:25:25,440
means is the whole team i

2053
01:25:29,590 --> 01:25:27,679
i'll stop sharing that

2054
01:25:32,149 --> 01:25:29,600
that's not everybody when we do one of

2055
01:25:34,550 --> 01:25:32,159
these tests um

2056
01:25:37,590 --> 01:25:34,560
well first of all the testing happens on

2057
01:25:41,030 --> 01:25:37,600
on third shift usually uh and we third

2058
01:25:43,510 --> 01:25:41,040
shift for us is 11 p.m to 7 00 in the

2059
01:25:46,709 --> 01:25:43,520
morning and we do that for a variety of

2060
01:25:49,750 --> 01:25:46,719
reasons uh one first of all um the wind

2061
01:25:51,750 --> 01:25:49,760
tunnel is very large and it's very loud

2062
01:25:53,430 --> 01:25:51,760
even though the test section where we

2063
01:25:56,550 --> 01:25:53,440
put the article is

2064
01:25:59,030 --> 01:25:56,560
10 feet wide by 10 feet tall

2065
01:26:01,189 --> 01:25:59,040
the whole facility takes up like a whole

2066
01:26:03,669 --> 01:26:01,199
city block and when the wind tunnel is

2067
01:26:04,709 --> 01:26:03,679
running it's very loud so first of all

2068
01:26:06,870 --> 01:26:04,719
just

2069
01:26:08,870 --> 01:26:06,880
to not be a nuisance while people are

2070
01:26:11,750 --> 01:26:08,880
there during the day we run at night but

2071
01:26:13,590 --> 01:26:11,760
the truth uh they're not that concerned

2072
01:26:16,790 --> 01:26:13,600
about our well but the truth is that the

2073
01:26:18,629 --> 01:26:16,800
power is really cheaper than they're all

2074
01:26:21,030 --> 01:26:18,639
jokes aside they're concerned about us

2075
01:26:23,110 --> 01:26:21,040
but the electricity is a lot cheaper

2076
01:26:26,070 --> 01:26:23,120
during off hours so that's

2077
01:26:28,149 --> 01:26:26,080
a major driver for why we run then and

2078
01:26:30,709 --> 01:26:28,159
when we're doing a test like this it's

2079
01:26:32,790 --> 01:26:30,719
really an around-the-clock effort

2080
01:26:34,870 --> 01:26:32,800
because what happens

2081
01:26:37,750 --> 01:26:34,880
we come in and test at night and we'll

2082
01:26:39,189 --> 01:26:37,760
take our data all the way from midnight

2083
01:26:41,510 --> 01:26:39,199
up until

2084
01:26:44,229 --> 01:26:41,520
6 15 in the morning and that's when we

2085
01:26:47,189 --> 01:26:44,239
start to shut down and at that point the

2086
01:26:49,030 --> 01:26:47,199
day shift comes in so you've got a whole

2087
01:26:50,870 --> 01:26:49,040
other set of um

2088
01:26:52,870 --> 01:26:50,880
people with a lot of the same skills a

2089
01:26:55,430 --> 01:26:52,880
whole other set of engineers and

2090
01:26:58,390 --> 01:26:55,440
technicians come in because they have to

2091
01:26:59,350 --> 01:26:58,400
fix things that we broke um

2092
01:27:02,470 --> 01:26:59,360
we

2093
01:27:05,030 --> 01:27:02,480
i guess another secret of research that

2094
01:27:07,990 --> 01:27:05,040
uh i don't think should be a secret

2095
01:27:10,229 --> 01:27:08,000
we show you video of tests and you see

2096
01:27:13,110 --> 01:27:10,239
the video of when it works well and when

2097
01:27:16,470 --> 01:27:13,120
we pull it off but the reality is uh for

2098
01:27:18,550 --> 01:27:16,480
every accomplishment we um there's a lot

2099
01:27:20,870 --> 01:27:18,560
of stuff that doesn't work

2100
01:27:22,790 --> 01:27:20,880
so that video i showed you where the

2101
01:27:25,350 --> 01:27:22,800
parachute opened that was one where

2102
01:27:28,310 --> 01:27:25,360
finally the parachute successfully

2103
01:27:30,470 --> 01:27:28,320
opened but before that happened

2104
01:27:33,430 --> 01:27:30,480
we had issues with the charge with

2105
01:27:35,510 --> 01:27:33,440
making the parachute open on time uh

2106
01:27:36,550 --> 01:27:35,520
sometimes the parachute was opening

2107
01:27:39,270 --> 01:27:36,560
early

2108
01:27:41,830 --> 01:27:39,280
uh sometimes the parachute didn't open

2109
01:27:45,990 --> 01:27:41,840
all the way like all the bands didn't

2110
01:27:51,830 --> 01:27:49,110
engineering research period is very much

2111
01:27:54,629 --> 01:27:51,840
trial and error uh you know one of the

2112
01:27:56,629 --> 01:27:54,639
the jokes is that uh if you come in in

2113
01:27:57,910 --> 01:27:56,639
the morning and uh

2114
01:28:00,229 --> 01:27:57,920
you know usually we come in and things

2115
01:28:02,709 --> 01:28:00,239
are broken and if at the end of the day

2116
01:28:04,950 --> 01:28:02,719
you have fixed something that's a that's

2117
01:28:08,149 --> 01:28:04,960
a good day so

2118
01:28:09,990 --> 01:28:08,159
there's a whole lot of um

2119
01:28:11,910 --> 01:28:10,000
the whole process there's a lot of

2120
01:28:14,470 --> 01:28:11,920
growing pains and

2121
01:28:16,470 --> 01:28:14,480
research is about learning so at the

2122
01:28:18,149 --> 01:28:16,480
beginning you're trying to do something

2123
01:28:19,990 --> 01:28:18,159
we haven't done before that we didn't

2124
01:28:23,510 --> 01:28:20,000
know how to do and we're trying to learn

2125
01:28:25,510 --> 01:28:23,520
how to do it so at the end um when it

2126
01:28:28,390 --> 01:28:25,520
works it's fantastic for everyone and

2127
01:28:32,790 --> 01:28:28,400
you look at a at a situation like this

2128
01:28:34,629 --> 01:28:32,800
we're landing rovers on mars which is um

2129
01:28:36,629 --> 01:28:34,639
you know let's pause and think about

2130
01:28:39,510 --> 01:28:36,639
that that's amazing in itself we are

2131
01:28:43,430 --> 01:28:39,520
from earth launching rovers into space

2132
01:28:47,270 --> 01:28:43,440
and landing them on mars but when we put

2133
01:28:48,229 --> 01:28:47,280
that up there on mars you get one shot

2134
01:28:51,110 --> 01:28:48,239
um

2135
01:28:52,149 --> 01:28:51,120
and that one shot it has to work so just

2136
01:28:53,510 --> 01:28:52,159
like you

2137
01:28:54,950 --> 01:28:53,520
you look at a

2138
01:28:56,709 --> 01:28:54,960
basketball player shooting a

2139
01:28:59,350 --> 01:28:56,719
three-pointer and you get to and it's

2140
01:29:02,149 --> 01:28:59,360
the finals and the clock is ticking and

2141
01:29:04,950 --> 01:29:02,159
there's three seconds left and somebody

2142
01:29:06,790 --> 01:29:04,960
shoots a three-pointer that's not the

2143
01:29:09,590 --> 01:29:06,800
first time that person shot a

2144
01:29:12,390 --> 01:29:09,600
three-pointer um that that person has

2145
01:29:14,470 --> 01:29:12,400
spent hours and hours in the gym

2146
01:29:16,550 --> 01:29:14,480
shooting and missing and shooting in

2147
01:29:18,629 --> 01:29:16,560
different situations and finding out

2148
01:29:21,910 --> 01:29:18,639
what does and doesn't work for that

2149
01:29:24,870 --> 01:29:21,920
moment so when we get there and we put

2150
01:29:26,390 --> 01:29:24,880
perseverance on mars that is um

2151
01:29:30,149 --> 01:29:26,400
you know that is us hitting the

2152
01:29:33,110 --> 01:29:30,159
game-winning shot and we um we get one

2153
01:29:35,830 --> 01:29:33,120
shot at that and there's out thousands

2154
01:29:38,709 --> 01:29:35,840
of hours by thousands of brilliant

2155
01:29:40,709 --> 01:29:38,719
people working to create one moment so

2156
01:29:43,189 --> 01:29:40,719
for that moment to work we spend a lot

2157
01:29:45,430 --> 01:29:43,199
of time uh

2158
01:29:48,070 --> 01:29:45,440
trying things that do and don't work to

2159
01:29:50,950 --> 01:29:48,080
get ready for that um

2160
01:29:54,229 --> 01:29:50,960
so yeah and that is how we

2161
01:29:55,590 --> 01:29:54,239
that is how we at nasa glenn wind tunnel

2162
01:29:57,669 --> 01:29:55,600
tested the

2163
01:29:59,990 --> 01:29:57,679
the parachute that will be used to land

2164
01:30:02,950 --> 01:30:00,000
the perseverance rover that was used to

2165
01:30:05,990 --> 01:30:02,960
land the curiosity rover um and that's

2166
01:30:09,510 --> 01:30:06,000
just a small piece of the part that uh

2167
01:30:11,669 --> 01:30:09,520
that we here at nasa glenn in ohio have

2168
01:30:13,830 --> 01:30:11,679
played you know

2169
01:30:15,590 --> 01:30:13,840
in the effort to put the rover up there

2170
01:30:18,870 --> 01:30:15,600
i think you've already seen some other

2171
01:30:21,270 --> 01:30:18,880
talks about uh the power systems uh work

2172
01:30:23,350 --> 01:30:21,280
on that that was done here and uh and

2173
01:30:25,990 --> 01:30:23,360
work on the communications and on

2174
01:30:29,590 --> 01:30:26,000
previous rovers they did drop testing

2175
01:30:32,070 --> 01:30:29,600
for uh spirit and opportunity so we um

2176
01:30:34,070 --> 01:30:32,080
you know know that everybody's familiar

2177
01:30:36,709 --> 01:30:34,080
with houston because they hear houston

2178
01:30:39,590 --> 01:30:36,719
we have a problem in cape canaveral but

2179
01:30:42,229 --> 01:30:39,600
there are a dozen nasa centers and we

2180
01:30:46,070 --> 01:30:42,239
all have different specialties and

2181
01:30:48,470 --> 01:30:46,080
in ohio nasa glenn is very much involved

2182
01:30:49,990 --> 01:30:48,480
in in the successes you see for the

2183
01:30:52,709 --> 01:30:50,000
space program

2184
01:30:55,030 --> 01:30:52,719
and with that i uh i will get off my

2185
01:30:57,830 --> 01:30:55,040
soapbox and they tell me that you all

2186
01:31:00,310 --> 01:30:57,840
will also be testing your own parachute

2187
01:31:02,310 --> 01:31:00,320
so i don't want you to get discouraged

2188
01:31:04,070 --> 01:31:02,320
or feel away if your parachute doesn't

2189
01:31:06,470 --> 01:31:04,080
do exactly what you wanted to do the

2190
01:31:08,629 --> 01:31:06,480
first time because

2191
01:31:10,149 --> 01:31:08,639
the parachute that we're gonna use to

2192
01:31:12,310 --> 01:31:10,159
land the rover

2193
01:31:13,669 --> 01:31:12,320
didn't work right the first time either

2194
01:31:15,910 --> 01:31:13,679
we could we didn't get it right the

2195
01:31:18,470 --> 01:31:15,920
first time so you're gonna have to there

2196
01:31:20,950 --> 01:31:18,480
will be trial and error and you're gonna

2197
01:31:22,870 --> 01:31:20,960
try things and you're gonna reiterate

2198
01:31:23,750 --> 01:31:22,880
and you're gonna fix things and you're

2199
01:31:25,830 --> 01:31:23,760
gonna

2200
01:31:28,390 --> 01:31:25,840
you know try other solutions so don't

2201
01:31:31,910 --> 01:31:28,400
feel the way the best solution comes

2202
01:31:34,310 --> 01:31:31,920
from trying and failing more often the

2203
01:31:35,030 --> 01:31:34,320
more things you try the more things you

2204
01:31:38,149 --> 01:31:35,040
know

2205
01:31:40,790 --> 01:31:38,159
why

2206
01:31:42,070 --> 01:31:40,800
the winning solution really works

2207
01:31:45,110 --> 01:31:42,080
and that's it

2208
01:31:56,310 --> 01:31:45,120
so have fun out there and uh i'll see

2209
01:32:00,390 --> 01:31:58,629
hey folks welcome back

2210
01:32:02,629 --> 01:32:00,400
some really cool stuff talking about

2211
01:32:05,030 --> 01:32:02,639
that parachute deceleration system again

2212
01:32:08,149 --> 01:32:05,040
that was lance foster with the research

2213
01:32:09,430 --> 01:32:08,159
aerospace engineer um at the nasa glenn

2214
01:32:11,110 --> 01:32:09,440
research center he was telling you a

2215
01:32:12,390 --> 01:32:11,120
little bit about the supersonic wind

2216
01:32:15,189 --> 01:32:12,400
tunnel that was used

2217
01:32:17,350 --> 01:32:15,199
to uh to test the parachute uh that

2218
01:32:19,270 --> 01:32:17,360
would be used for the uh perseverance

2219
01:32:21,510 --> 01:32:19,280
rover you know everything really hinges

2220
01:32:23,350 --> 01:32:21,520
on that and uh

2221
01:32:25,510 --> 01:32:23,360
it'll help to slow this spacecraft down

2222
01:32:27,669 --> 01:32:25,520
quite a bit still not enough to actually

2223
01:32:29,510 --> 01:32:27,679
land on the surface but it'll bring it

2224
01:32:32,149 --> 01:32:29,520
from somewhere around a thousand miles

2225
01:32:34,470 --> 01:32:32,159
an hour a little over 900 miles an hour

2226
01:32:36,790 --> 01:32:34,480
down to about 200 miles an hour and

2227
01:32:38,550 --> 01:32:36,800
that's when the jet pack will take over

2228
01:32:40,870 --> 01:32:38,560
because it's still moving too fast to

2229
01:32:44,070 --> 01:32:40,880
actually touch down on the surface it's

2230
01:32:46,709 --> 01:32:44,080
going to be absolutely incredible

2231
01:32:49,189 --> 01:32:46,719
a lot of folks writing into us uh hey to

2232
01:32:52,870 --> 01:32:49,199
susan and jeremy to james

2233
01:32:58,229 --> 01:32:55,110
we have uh

2234
01:33:01,189 --> 01:32:58,239
beso pritiful from italy who joined us

2235
01:33:03,430 --> 01:33:01,199
and we also have raj hey raj from the uk

2236
01:33:06,149 --> 01:33:03,440
who's joined us as well

2237
01:33:08,550 --> 01:33:06,159
and of course to aaron's science and

2238
01:33:09,830 --> 01:33:08,560
space learning you know he wants to be a

2239
01:33:11,830 --> 01:33:09,840
scientist

2240
01:33:14,070 --> 01:33:11,840
when he grows up and

2241
01:33:15,510 --> 01:33:14,080
so he's asking the right questions he's

2242
01:33:16,870 --> 01:33:15,520
in the right place and don't forget

2243
01:33:19,270 --> 01:33:16,880
everything that you're learning now in

2244
01:33:21,350 --> 01:33:19,280
school is going to be critically

2245
01:33:23,750 --> 01:33:21,360
important the more science math

2246
01:33:25,430 --> 01:33:23,760
technology you can take uh

2247
01:33:27,270 --> 01:33:25,440
that's great but you also need to be

2248
01:33:28,629 --> 01:33:27,280
able to speak some other languages too

2249
01:33:31,270 --> 01:33:28,639
because space

2250
01:33:33,830 --> 01:33:31,280
is becoming uh an international place in

2251
01:33:36,470 --> 01:33:33,840
fact there are currently three different

2252
01:33:39,830 --> 01:33:36,480
missions from three separate countries

2253
01:33:41,750 --> 01:33:39,840
that are operating at mars today so uh

2254
01:33:44,870 --> 01:33:41,760
china was able to send a spacecraft

2255
01:33:46,870 --> 01:33:44,880
there the united arab emirates has a

2256
01:33:49,270 --> 01:33:46,880
probe that's uh that's currently in

2257
01:33:51,189 --> 01:33:49,280
orbit around mars it even has a lander

2258
01:33:54,310 --> 01:33:51,199
that they hope to uh set down in about a

2259
01:33:56,470 --> 01:33:54,320
month or so and obviously perseverance

2260
01:33:59,189 --> 01:33:56,480
is arriving today so it's pretty

2261
01:34:00,870 --> 01:33:59,199
exciting times that's going on right now

2262
01:34:03,030 --> 01:34:00,880
julie boswell

2263
01:34:04,470 --> 01:34:03,040
wanted to know if there's a backup

2264
01:34:07,110 --> 01:34:04,480
parachute

2265
01:34:09,189 --> 01:34:07,120
for perseverance and no

2266
01:34:11,669 --> 01:34:09,199
no

2267
01:34:14,149 --> 01:34:11,679
it's got to use the one that it has

2268
01:34:15,830 --> 01:34:14,159
that's been tested and retested by the

2269
01:34:18,229 --> 01:34:15,840
folks here at the great lakes science

2270
01:34:20,790 --> 01:34:18,239
i'm sorry at the nasa glenn research

2271
01:34:22,629 --> 01:34:20,800
center as you just saw and it's designed

2272
01:34:25,430 --> 01:34:22,639
to really take that load moving at

2273
01:34:26,229 --> 01:34:25,440
supersonic speeds and that's very very

2274
01:34:29,110 --> 01:34:26,239
cool

2275
01:34:31,830 --> 01:34:29,120
we've had a couple of parents that

2276
01:34:33,110 --> 01:34:31,840
that sent in some posts on social media

2277
01:34:35,350 --> 01:34:33,120
they were asking if there were some

2278
01:34:37,030 --> 01:34:35,360
activities that they could do with their

2279
01:34:39,270 --> 01:34:37,040
children that were similar to some of

2280
01:34:41,189 --> 01:34:39,280
the activities uh that will be taking

2281
01:34:43,270 --> 01:34:41,199
place with the perseverance rover one

2282
01:34:46,709 --> 01:34:43,280
that comes to mind right off the bat is

2283
01:34:49,510 --> 01:34:46,719
candy bar geology get this mom and dad

2284
01:34:51,669 --> 01:34:49,520
you can get snack sized candy bars a

2285
01:34:54,950 --> 01:34:51,679
couple of different varieties of candy

2286
01:34:57,750 --> 01:34:54,960
bars and you can use them as geologic

2287
01:34:59,510 --> 01:34:57,760
samples from your simulated mars

2288
01:35:02,149 --> 01:34:59,520
environment all you'll need are the

2289
01:35:05,430 --> 01:35:02,159
candy bars maybe um

2290
01:35:07,350 --> 01:35:05,440
a a knife like a plastic knife and uh

2291
01:35:09,990 --> 01:35:07,360
and you'll need a plastic straw and if

2292
01:35:12,310 --> 01:35:10,000
it's a clear straw the better

2293
01:35:14,550 --> 01:35:12,320
now here's what you'll do you'll open up

2294
01:35:17,030 --> 01:35:14,560
that that candy bar and the best way to

2295
01:35:18,950 --> 01:35:17,040
learn about someplace new is to examine

2296
01:35:20,709 --> 01:35:18,960
something that you know about so with

2297
01:35:24,070 --> 01:35:20,719
the first candy bar that'll be a

2298
01:35:26,149 --> 01:35:24,080
simulated sample from earth

2299
01:35:27,430 --> 01:35:26,159
ask your child to take a closer look at

2300
01:35:34,550 --> 01:35:27,440
it

2301
01:35:36,950 --> 01:35:34,560
they can set the candy bar on that'll be

2302
01:35:38,709 --> 01:35:36,960
great have them describe it to you if

2303
01:35:40,310 --> 01:35:38,719
they're able to if they're able to write

2304
01:35:41,830 --> 01:35:40,320
have them write down their description

2305
01:35:43,830 --> 01:35:41,840
of what they're looking at and if they

2306
01:35:45,830 --> 01:35:43,840
can't write yet just ask them to tell

2307
01:35:47,830 --> 01:35:45,840
you what they see

2308
01:35:50,709 --> 01:35:47,840
later you can do a street test that's a

2309
01:35:53,350 --> 01:35:50,719
test that geologists use with uh with

2310
01:35:55,910 --> 01:35:53,360
various geologic specimens they actually

2311
01:35:57,830 --> 01:35:55,920
take that rock and they'll rub it across

2312
01:36:00,149 --> 01:35:57,840
something in this case they can rub the

2313
01:36:02,550 --> 01:36:00,159
candy bar right there across that white

2314
01:36:04,229 --> 01:36:02,560
paper what color mark does it leave

2315
01:36:06,629 --> 01:36:04,239
behind that's one of the things that you

2316
01:36:08,709 --> 01:36:06,639
want to check out

2317
01:36:10,229 --> 01:36:08,719
now next you want to do your core sample

2318
01:36:12,470 --> 01:36:10,239
and to do the core sample you're going

2319
01:36:14,790 --> 01:36:12,480
to take that clear straw

2320
01:36:17,110 --> 01:36:14,800
and you're going to move that straw back

2321
01:36:19,510 --> 01:36:17,120
and forth between your fingers as you

2322
01:36:23,350 --> 01:36:19,520
begin to penetrate as you begin to

2323
01:36:25,750 --> 01:36:23,360
penetrate that candy bar

2324
01:36:28,550 --> 01:36:25,760
take it down so far and then pull it

2325
01:36:30,470 --> 01:36:28,560
back up and inside that clear section of

2326
01:36:33,270 --> 01:36:30,480
the straw you should be able to see the

2327
01:36:36,390 --> 01:36:33,280
various layers

2328
01:36:38,790 --> 01:36:36,400
that make up that geologic specimen

2329
01:36:40,229 --> 01:36:38,800
you can have your child count

2330
01:36:42,229 --> 01:36:40,239
the number of

2331
01:36:44,310 --> 01:36:42,239
layers that are there

2332
01:36:46,950 --> 01:36:44,320
asking if they've come across any rocks

2333
01:36:49,990 --> 01:36:46,960
or any boulders as they're drilling down

2334
01:36:52,709 --> 01:36:50,000
into their their simulated specimen that

2335
01:36:54,870 --> 01:36:52,719
could be peanuts or nougat have them

2336
01:36:56,709 --> 01:36:54,880
describe the different layers to you as

2337
01:36:58,390 --> 01:36:56,719
well

2338
01:37:01,350 --> 01:36:58,400
now one of the neat things that that you

2339
01:37:03,270 --> 01:37:01,360
can do with a with a core sample is that

2340
01:37:05,430 --> 01:37:03,280
you can study what the area is made of

2341
01:37:06,950 --> 01:37:05,440
but one of the drawbacks is

2342
01:37:09,430 --> 01:37:06,960
you might have missed something that was

2343
01:37:11,189 --> 01:37:09,440
right next to it that was really neat

2344
01:37:13,990 --> 01:37:11,199
for this next step you're going to use

2345
01:37:17,189 --> 01:37:14,000
the plastic knife and use that knife to

2346
01:37:19,430 --> 01:37:17,199
cut the candy sample in half

2347
01:37:21,590 --> 01:37:19,440
set one half aside and then have your

2348
01:37:23,350 --> 01:37:21,600
child look at the other one in fact

2349
01:37:25,030 --> 01:37:23,360
turn it so that they can look down

2350
01:37:27,189 --> 01:37:25,040
through that cross section and compare

2351
01:37:28,629 --> 01:37:27,199
the cross section to the core sample

2352
01:37:29,990 --> 01:37:28,639
that they just had

2353
01:37:31,990 --> 01:37:30,000
is there anything that they notice

2354
01:37:34,149 --> 01:37:32,000
different between the two those are

2355
01:37:35,830 --> 01:37:34,159
great questions to ask and great things

2356
01:37:37,669 --> 01:37:35,840
for them to begin thinking about

2357
01:37:39,990 --> 01:37:37,679
thinking like a scientist thinking like

2358
01:37:42,870 --> 01:37:40,000
an engineer using those great stem

2359
01:37:45,350 --> 01:37:42,880
skills that's a great way to do it

2360
01:37:47,590 --> 01:37:45,360
now in addition to that now that they

2361
01:37:48,870 --> 01:37:47,600
know what their simulated sample from

2362
01:37:50,709 --> 01:37:48,880
earth is

2363
01:37:52,070 --> 01:37:50,719
now it's time to look at the simulated

2364
01:37:53,350 --> 01:37:52,080
mars sample

2365
01:37:55,590 --> 01:37:53,360
now when i do this with my

2366
01:37:58,149 --> 01:37:55,600
granddaughters i usually put that other

2367
01:38:00,310 --> 01:37:58,159
half inside a ziploc bag

2368
01:38:01,109 --> 01:38:00,320
and now i give them a brand new candy

2369
01:38:04,870 --> 01:38:01,119
bar

2370
01:38:07,189 --> 01:38:04,880
seen before they're going to do the same

2371
01:38:09,350 --> 01:38:07,199
kind of test this streak test they're

2372
01:38:11,910 --> 01:38:09,360
going to sniff it they're going to see

2373
01:38:13,590 --> 01:38:11,920
if it smudges but they aren't going to

2374
01:38:15,669 --> 01:38:13,600
eat it

2375
01:38:17,109 --> 01:38:15,679
they'll do a core sample again and

2376
01:38:19,270 --> 01:38:17,119
they'll look at the core sample then

2377
01:38:21,510 --> 01:38:19,280
they'll do a cross section and they can

2378
01:38:23,590 --> 01:38:21,520
compare their two core samples from

2379
01:38:25,669 --> 01:38:23,600
their simulated earth rock and from

2380
01:38:27,350 --> 01:38:25,679
their simulated mars rock and then they

2381
01:38:29,590 --> 01:38:27,360
can do the same thing with the with the

2382
01:38:31,750 --> 01:38:29,600
cross section the best part of this

2383
01:38:33,430 --> 01:38:31,760
particular experiment after they've made

2384
01:38:34,629 --> 01:38:33,440
all their notes

2385
01:38:36,470 --> 01:38:34,639
is to

2386
01:38:38,629 --> 01:38:36,480
give them the opportunity to eat their

2387
01:38:40,229 --> 01:38:38,639
geologic sample that's always a lot of

2388
01:38:42,709 --> 01:38:40,239
fun by the way if you want to tie in

2389
01:38:44,790 --> 01:38:42,719
some math with all that great science

2390
01:38:47,590 --> 01:38:44,800
you can you can

2391
01:38:50,149 --> 01:38:47,600
you can estimate the age of the geologic

2392
01:38:53,109 --> 01:38:50,159
specimen by counting up the number of

2393
01:38:55,270 --> 01:38:53,119
layers and giving a numerical value or

2394
01:38:56,870 --> 01:38:55,280
date for each one of those and that'll

2395
01:38:59,669 --> 01:38:56,880
be fun that'll be a lot of cool that's

2396
01:39:03,430 --> 01:38:59,679
candy bar geology mom and dad and i hope

2397
01:39:07,750 --> 01:39:06,709
some other great experiments uh to talk

2398
01:39:10,550 --> 01:39:07,760
about

2399
01:39:11,669 --> 01:39:10,560
in fact as we as we look at the rover

2400
01:39:13,189 --> 01:39:11,679
itself

2401
01:39:15,109 --> 01:39:13,199
some neat things to know some new

2402
01:39:17,990 --> 01:39:15,119
technology that's being used and tested

2403
01:39:20,550 --> 01:39:18,000
for the very first time uh perseverance

2404
01:39:22,629 --> 01:39:20,560
is uh is using that technology and it's

2405
01:39:25,270 --> 01:39:22,639
paving the way for future human missions

2406
01:39:28,470 --> 01:39:25,280
to the red planet as well this includes

2407
01:39:30,870 --> 01:39:28,480
an autopilot for avoiding hazards and

2408
01:39:34,229 --> 01:39:30,880
that autopilot is called the terrain

2409
01:39:37,350 --> 01:39:34,239
relative navigation and it uses a set of

2410
01:39:39,109 --> 01:39:37,360
sensors that'll gather data during the

2411
01:39:40,790 --> 01:39:39,119
during the descent that's part of the

2412
01:39:43,510 --> 01:39:40,800
mars entry descent and landing

2413
01:39:45,350 --> 01:39:43,520
instrumentation package or medley ii

2414
01:39:48,390 --> 01:39:45,360
that'll be really really cool there's

2415
01:39:49,990 --> 01:39:48,400
also a new autonomous navigation system

2416
01:39:52,390 --> 01:39:50,000
that will allow the rover to drive a

2417
01:39:54,629 --> 01:39:52,400
little faster over challenging terrain

2418
01:39:57,430 --> 01:39:54,639
and that'll be pretty exciting as well

2419
01:39:59,189 --> 01:39:57,440
can't wait to see those those pieces of

2420
01:40:01,189 --> 01:39:59,199
equipment in action

2421
01:40:03,430 --> 01:40:01,199
uh perseverance uh

2422
01:40:05,189 --> 01:40:03,440
is again using that uh that baseline

2423
01:40:08,470 --> 01:40:05,199
power system that we talked about before

2424
01:40:12,229 --> 01:40:08,480
that was the uh the uh the uh radio

2425
01:40:14,310 --> 01:40:12,239
isotope uh thermoelectric generator uh

2426
01:40:17,270 --> 01:40:14,320
that's being provided by the us

2427
01:40:20,310 --> 01:40:17,280
department of energy it uses heat from

2428
01:40:22,070 --> 01:40:20,320
the natural decay of plutonium-238

2429
01:40:23,990 --> 01:40:22,080
to generate electricity for the

2430
01:40:25,990 --> 01:40:24,000
spacecraft uh we had a great

2431
01:40:28,310 --> 01:40:26,000
presentation on that earlier if you

2432
01:40:31,030 --> 01:40:28,320
missed it that's some really really cool

2433
01:40:36,870 --> 01:40:33,430
shared with you the size of the in the

2434
01:40:39,430 --> 01:40:36,880
dimensions of the spacecraft itself um i

2435
01:40:41,189 --> 01:40:39,440
told you just briefly about supercam one

2436
01:40:43,030 --> 01:40:41,199
of the instruments uh that we'll be

2437
01:40:45,990 --> 01:40:43,040
using this instrument can provide

2438
01:40:48,629 --> 01:40:46,000
imaging uh chemical composition analysis

2439
01:40:50,870 --> 01:40:48,639
and mineralogy at a distance and that's

2440
01:40:53,750 --> 01:40:50,880
pretty neat that principal investigator

2441
01:40:56,470 --> 01:40:53,760
is roger roger wiens from uh from los

2442
01:40:59,189 --> 01:40:56,480
alamos national laboratory in new mexico

2443
01:41:01,750 --> 01:40:59,199
the instrument also has his was also a

2444
01:41:04,470 --> 01:41:01,760
part of a significant contribution from

2445
01:41:07,430 --> 01:41:04,480
our uh from our international partners

2446
01:41:09,270 --> 01:41:07,440
in france so again that's some some

2447
01:41:12,310 --> 01:41:09,280
really neat equipment neat things to

2448
01:41:12,320 --> 01:41:18,070
let's see

2449
01:41:23,830 --> 01:41:21,030
another question in on our social on

2450
01:41:29,189 --> 01:41:23,840
another one of our social media channels

2451
01:41:32,950 --> 01:41:30,790
looks like they wanted to know how we

2452
01:41:35,350 --> 01:41:32,960
choose a landing site how we choose

2453
01:41:36,870 --> 01:41:35,360
landing sites on the red planet i'd

2454
01:41:39,350 --> 01:41:36,880
actually found a video but you know the

2455
01:41:42,149 --> 01:41:39,360
last video that we ran for you the audio

2456
01:41:43,990 --> 01:41:42,159
was a little sketchy on that and uh

2457
01:41:47,109 --> 01:41:44,000
that's unfortunate because i thought the

2458
01:41:49,990 --> 01:41:47,119
video was great but um but to answer

2459
01:41:51,590 --> 01:41:50,000
your question um

2460
01:41:55,189 --> 01:41:51,600
answer your question it's it's kind of

2461
01:41:56,950 --> 01:41:55,199
tricky for engineers and scientists um

2462
01:41:58,790 --> 01:41:56,960
they they go to a lot of hard work and

2463
01:42:00,310 --> 01:41:58,800
they want to choose a place that's safer

2464
01:42:02,229 --> 01:42:00,320
than the land but also that's going to

2465
01:42:05,430 --> 01:42:02,239
be interesting for them to work at and

2466
01:42:08,709 --> 01:42:05,440
discover so to land safety means that

2467
01:42:10,390 --> 01:42:08,719
you can't land in any higher elevations

2468
01:42:12,629 --> 01:42:10,400
where there's not enough atmosphere to

2469
01:42:14,310 --> 01:42:12,639
slow you down and

2470
01:42:15,990 --> 01:42:14,320
and you also want to try to avoid places

2471
01:42:17,669 --> 01:42:16,000
with very steep slopes and lots of

2472
01:42:19,830 --> 01:42:17,679
boulders you want to make sure that

2473
01:42:21,830 --> 01:42:19,840
whatever your lander is is going to be

2474
01:42:23,750 --> 01:42:21,840
upright when it touches down and isn't

2475
01:42:26,950 --> 01:42:23,760
going to fall over you also want to make

2476
01:42:28,790 --> 01:42:26,960
sure that it doesn't sink into a lot of

2477
01:42:31,510 --> 01:42:28,800
dust

2478
01:42:33,030 --> 01:42:31,520
and that could create some problems um

2479
01:42:34,709 --> 01:42:33,040
you probably want to choose a place that

2480
01:42:37,830 --> 01:42:34,719
will be close to the equator where the

2481
01:42:39,430 --> 01:42:37,840
seasons aren't quite so extreme and also

2482
01:42:40,870 --> 01:42:39,440
if it's using solar power you want to

2483
01:42:43,270 --> 01:42:40,880
make sure that it's in a place where

2484
01:42:44,870 --> 01:42:43,280
it's going to receive plenty of sunlight

2485
01:42:46,550 --> 01:42:44,880
and of course you don't want to send it

2486
01:42:48,629 --> 01:42:46,560
someplace where it's just not going to

2487
01:42:50,390 --> 01:42:48,639
be able to drive if it's a rover and

2488
01:42:52,629 --> 01:42:50,400
it's going to be a mobile

2489
01:42:54,790 --> 01:42:52,639
vehicle

2490
01:42:56,470 --> 01:42:54,800
most important you're picking a landing

2491
01:42:58,310 --> 01:42:56,480
site based on what you hope to discover

2492
01:43:00,149 --> 01:42:58,320
or what you're interested in finding

2493
01:43:02,229 --> 01:43:00,159
more about

2494
01:43:05,030 --> 01:43:02,239
sites that are great for studying rock

2495
01:43:08,310 --> 01:43:05,040
layers other sites might be perfect for

2496
01:43:10,950 --> 01:43:08,320
for listening for mars quick so

2497
01:43:12,550 --> 01:43:10,960
that gives you uh gives you some ideas

2498
01:43:14,629 --> 01:43:12,560
of places that you can go you've got a

2499
01:43:15,830 --> 01:43:14,639
whole planet to choose from you just

2500
01:43:18,310 --> 01:43:15,840
want to make sure that you choose

2501
01:43:20,629 --> 01:43:18,320
carefully so the time the energy the

2502
01:43:23,030 --> 01:43:20,639
money that was spent to get your uh to

2503
01:43:25,910 --> 01:43:23,040
get your scientific package to another

2504
01:43:28,149 --> 01:43:25,920
world is able to work when it gets there

2505
01:43:36,070 --> 01:43:28,159
that's really cool stuff

2506
01:43:42,070 --> 01:43:39,270
if i hadn't mentioned it to you before

2507
01:43:43,750 --> 01:43:42,080
we do have a great nasa design challenge

2508
01:43:46,470 --> 01:43:43,760
that's coming up it'll be coming up and

2509
01:43:50,550 --> 01:43:46,480
the one o'clock hour that's just a short

2510
01:43:54,070 --> 01:43:52,870
excuse me

2511
01:43:55,750 --> 01:43:54,080
and yo

2512
01:43:57,990 --> 01:43:55,760
you're going to be uh well i don't want

2513
01:43:59,270 --> 01:43:58,000
to give too much away but uh i do want

2514
01:44:01,669 --> 01:43:59,280
to let you know it's going to be pretty

2515
01:44:02,709 --> 01:44:01,679
exciting and if you haven't already done

2516
01:44:05,750 --> 01:44:02,719
so

2517
01:44:07,990 --> 01:44:05,760
make sure that you go to our website

2518
01:44:10,390 --> 01:44:08,000
that'll be greatscience.com and once

2519
01:44:12,470 --> 01:44:10,400
you're there make sure you access our

2520
01:44:14,629 --> 01:44:12,480
events page and on the events page if

2521
01:44:16,550 --> 01:44:14,639
you go to our landing

2522
01:44:18,310 --> 01:44:16,560
the information about our landing site

2523
01:44:19,830 --> 01:44:18,320
there's a link that you can go to and

2524
01:44:21,750 --> 01:44:19,840
it'll give you a list of all the

2525
01:44:23,910 --> 01:44:21,760
materials that you're going to need

2526
01:44:31,109 --> 01:44:23,920
for this particular experiment that you

2527
01:44:35,430 --> 01:44:33,189
control room if you can

2528
01:44:38,550 --> 01:44:35,440
we're going to take a a quick break and

2529
01:44:40,629 --> 01:44:38,560
i'll i'll be right back with you as we

2530
01:44:42,870 --> 01:44:40,639
as we continue with our live coverage of

2531
01:44:44,310 --> 01:44:42,880
the perseverance lander

2532
01:44:45,990 --> 01:44:44,320
control room if you can give me that

2533
01:45:05,910 --> 01:44:46,000
break folks i'll be back in just a

2534
01:45:09,990 --> 01:45:08,310
way uh just yet but uh that's okay

2535
01:45:15,669 --> 01:45:10,000
there's still plenty to talk about and i

2536
01:45:33,189 --> 01:45:18,950
so happy and excited to be here with you

2537
01:45:41,430 --> 01:45:35,830
again using my alcohol wipe because we

2538
01:45:45,189 --> 01:45:43,350
there are a lot of great experiments

2539
01:45:48,149 --> 01:45:45,199
that are on board this rover one of them

2540
01:45:49,990 --> 01:45:48,159
is the uh is sherlock that's a scanning

2541
01:45:52,390 --> 01:45:50,000
habitable environment

2542
01:45:54,390 --> 01:45:52,400
uh with raymond and luminescence for

2543
01:45:56,229 --> 01:45:54,400
organics and chemicals

2544
01:45:58,870 --> 01:45:56,239
that's a mouthful it's got a

2545
01:46:02,470 --> 01:45:58,880
spectrometer that will provide fine line

2546
01:46:05,669 --> 01:46:02,480
scale images and uses an ultraviolet

2547
01:46:08,310 --> 01:46:05,679
laser to map mineralogy and organic

2548
01:46:11,189 --> 01:46:08,320
compounds that's so exciting

2549
01:46:13,590 --> 01:46:11,199
sherlock will be the first uv

2550
01:46:15,109 --> 01:46:13,600
spectrometer to fly to the surface of

2551
01:46:16,950 --> 01:46:15,119
mars and will provide

2552
01:46:19,350 --> 01:46:16,960
all kinds of complementary

2553
01:46:21,510 --> 01:46:19,360
measurements with other instruments in

2554
01:46:23,590 --> 01:46:21,520
the payload

2555
01:46:26,950 --> 01:46:23,600
it uh it includes a high resolution

2556
01:46:29,990 --> 01:46:26,960
color camera for microscopic imaging of

2557
01:46:32,070 --> 01:46:30,000
the martian surface that's amazing just

2558
01:46:33,510 --> 01:46:32,080
amazing the other thing that i found

2559
01:46:36,390 --> 01:46:33,520
really exciting as part of the

2560
01:46:38,830 --> 01:46:36,400
instrument package is the radar imaging

2561
01:46:40,629 --> 01:46:38,840
from mars it's a subsurface

2562
01:46:42,870 --> 01:46:40,639
experiment

2563
01:46:45,830 --> 01:46:42,880
a ground penetrating radar that will

2564
01:46:49,109 --> 01:46:45,840
provide centimeter scale resolution of

2565
01:46:50,709 --> 01:46:49,119
the geologic structure of the subsurface

2566
01:46:52,950 --> 01:46:50,719
now that's going to be really really

2567
01:46:54,629 --> 01:46:52,960
cool so far on mars we've only been able

2568
01:46:56,470 --> 01:46:54,639
to look at the surface

2569
01:46:58,790 --> 01:46:56,480
we do have a spacecraft that's there

2570
01:47:00,950 --> 01:46:58,800
that's actually penetrating the surface

2571
01:47:02,709 --> 01:47:00,960
and it's studying those mars plates but

2572
01:47:05,270 --> 01:47:02,719
this is going to give us a look using

2573
01:47:07,750 --> 01:47:05,280
that using that ground penetrating radar

2574
01:47:09,669 --> 01:47:07,760
of what's underneath the surface and it

2575
01:47:13,109 --> 01:47:09,679
will be able to do it at a scale that's

2576
01:47:14,790 --> 01:47:13,119
just uh that's just amazing so i i can't

2577
01:47:17,350 --> 01:47:14,800
wait for perseverance to get there and

2578
01:47:21,430 --> 01:47:17,360
begin using some of this equipment uh so

2579
01:47:23,590 --> 01:47:21,440
much that we're gonna learn um and i i

2580
01:47:28,709 --> 01:47:23,600
i'm speechless i just can't get over it

2581
01:47:33,750 --> 01:47:30,629
once again the spacecraft itself was

2582
01:47:36,709 --> 01:47:33,760
launched uh back in july and has been

2583
01:47:39,510 --> 01:47:36,719
traveling for seven for seven months on

2584
01:47:41,510 --> 01:47:39,520
the way to mars and uh we're just uh

2585
01:47:43,270 --> 01:47:41,520
we're just a few hours away from it

2586
01:47:45,669 --> 01:47:43,280
actually touching down on the surface of

2587
01:47:47,590 --> 01:47:45,679
mars and uh boy we're all on pins and

2588
01:47:50,629 --> 01:47:47,600
needles here we are so

2589
01:47:52,629 --> 01:47:50,639
so very very excited now again coming up

2590
01:47:53,510 --> 01:47:52,639
in uh just about 10 minutes or so we

2591
01:47:57,830 --> 01:47:53,520
have

2592
01:48:00,709 --> 01:47:57,840
joining us a long time uh

2593
01:48:03,910 --> 01:48:00,719
subject matter expert

2594
01:48:05,910 --> 01:48:03,920
who is a nasa contractor he'll be uh

2595
01:48:07,350 --> 01:48:05,920
he'll be coming and talking to us

2596
01:48:09,189 --> 01:48:07,360
guiding us through this hands-on

2597
01:48:11,189 --> 01:48:09,199
experiment and i've got most of my

2598
01:48:14,310 --> 01:48:11,199
materials ready to go so i'm going to be

2599
01:48:16,870 --> 01:48:14,320
joining you and trying to uh trying to

2600
01:48:19,830 --> 01:48:16,880
come up with a solution for this unique

2601
01:48:21,350 --> 01:48:19,840
nasa engineering design challenge it is

2602
01:48:25,910 --> 01:48:21,360
going to be a lot of fun

2603
01:48:29,189 --> 01:48:27,430
and again that's going to be at one

2604
01:48:31,510 --> 01:48:29,199
o'clock this afternoon we talked a

2605
01:48:33,189 --> 01:48:31,520
little bit about the mars helicopter a

2606
01:48:34,629 --> 01:48:33,199
while ago that's a unique experiment

2607
01:48:37,030 --> 01:48:34,639
that's actually going to be carried

2608
01:48:39,430 --> 01:48:37,040
underneath the perseverance rover once

2609
01:48:42,870 --> 01:48:39,440
it gets to uh to a fairly decent launch

2610
01:48:44,709 --> 01:48:42,880
site um perseverance will roll up it

2611
01:48:46,870 --> 01:48:44,719
will lower the helicopter down to the

2612
01:48:49,270 --> 01:48:46,880
ground and then it will back away from

2613
01:48:52,709 --> 01:48:49,280
it giving it a clear place where it can

2614
01:48:54,709 --> 01:48:52,719
lift off well we'll start up the engines

2615
01:48:56,629 --> 01:48:54,719
and then the vehicle will uh will take

2616
01:48:58,550 --> 01:48:56,639
to the air two cameras on board that

2617
01:49:00,629 --> 01:48:58,560
mars helicopter and it should give us

2618
01:49:03,669 --> 01:49:00,639
some very unique views and i'm looking

2619
01:49:06,310 --> 01:49:03,679
forward to that as well again it weighs

2620
01:49:07,510 --> 01:49:06,320
about four pounds it's about four foot

2621
01:49:08,550 --> 01:49:07,520
maybe

2622
01:49:12,870 --> 01:49:08,560
meter

2623
01:49:14,629 --> 01:49:12,880
it's uh it's going to be neat and again

2624
01:49:16,709 --> 01:49:14,639
it's equipped with all kinds of internal

2625
01:49:18,470 --> 01:49:16,719
sensors a laser altimeter the two

2626
01:49:20,629 --> 01:49:18,480
cameras one in color one in black and

2627
01:49:23,590 --> 01:49:20,639
white it's going to be amazing it's

2628
01:49:25,590 --> 01:49:23,600
designed to operate autonomously

2629
01:49:28,550 --> 01:49:25,600
and again the helicopter will be using

2630
01:49:31,430 --> 01:49:28,560
solar power to charge its batteries and

2631
01:49:33,590 --> 01:49:31,440
will rely on internal heaters to remain

2632
01:49:36,390 --> 01:49:33,600
at the optimum temperature during the

2633
01:49:37,750 --> 01:49:36,400
cold martian nights it does it does get

2634
01:49:40,830 --> 01:49:37,760
cold

2635
01:49:44,149 --> 01:49:40,840
by the way i believe it was

2636
01:49:46,310 --> 01:49:44,159
tabitha who wrote in

2637
01:49:48,629 --> 01:49:46,320
sent a message in

2638
01:49:51,430 --> 01:49:48,639
uh sent us a tweet and she was

2639
01:49:57,030 --> 01:49:51,440
interested in finding out more about the

2640
01:49:58,790 --> 01:49:57,040
temperature on mars she she had a

2641
01:50:02,629 --> 01:49:58,800
she her question was

2642
01:50:04,790 --> 01:50:02,639
um if uh if mars is red how can it be

2643
01:50:07,109 --> 01:50:04,800
cold she thought that mars would be hot

2644
01:50:10,149 --> 01:50:07,119
because it was red in color but

2645
01:50:12,390 --> 01:50:10,159
in reality tabitha mars is about twice

2646
01:50:15,350 --> 01:50:12,400
the distance from the sun as the earth

2647
01:50:17,030 --> 01:50:15,360
is so uh it it um

2648
01:50:19,590 --> 01:50:17,040
it's gonna it's gonna be a little bit

2649
01:50:21,430 --> 01:50:19,600
colder as a very thin atmosphere and our

2650
01:50:23,030 --> 01:50:21,440
atmosphere here on earth is a lot like a

2651
01:50:24,629 --> 01:50:23,040
blanket it helps to even out the

2652
01:50:25,910 --> 01:50:24,639
temperature all the way around and

2653
01:50:28,550 --> 01:50:25,920
that's how we can stay nice and

2654
01:50:30,310 --> 01:50:28,560
comfortable even on cold chilly days in

2655
01:50:33,270 --> 01:50:30,320
cleveland like it is today but it's

2656
01:50:35,350 --> 01:50:33,280
relatively speaking much warmer um

2657
01:50:38,149 --> 01:50:35,360
on it's certainly much warmer than it is

2658
01:50:40,550 --> 01:50:38,159
on mars you know at the equator on mars

2659
01:50:44,470 --> 01:50:40,560
on the hottest summer day your toes

2660
01:50:45,430 --> 01:50:44,480
would feel fairly warm around 50 degrees

2661
01:50:47,750 --> 01:50:45,440
or so

2662
01:50:49,590 --> 01:50:47,760
but by the time you got up to your chest

2663
01:50:51,510 --> 01:50:49,600
your neck and even your head it would

2664
01:50:53,830 --> 01:50:51,520
feel like winter time again the

2665
01:50:57,030 --> 01:50:53,840
atmosphere is so thin there's not enough

2666
01:50:59,189 --> 01:50:57,040
of an insulating blanket of air to keep

2667
01:51:01,590 --> 01:50:59,199
you nice and warm uh the heat that's

2668
01:51:04,070 --> 01:51:01,600
radiating from the sun

2669
01:51:05,669 --> 01:51:04,080
well it's not it's not nearly as warm

2670
01:51:07,669 --> 01:51:05,679
and there's no way to really keep it

2671
01:51:09,830 --> 01:51:07,679
there with you that's why we need those

2672
01:51:12,070 --> 01:51:09,840
special electrical systems electrical

2673
01:51:14,709 --> 01:51:12,080
generating systems to help keep the

2674
01:51:18,390 --> 01:51:14,719
rover warm so it will operate in those

2675
01:51:21,109 --> 01:51:18,400
cold temperatures there on mars

2676
01:51:23,669 --> 01:51:21,119
neat stuff we are just a few minutes

2677
01:51:26,870 --> 01:51:23,679
away from the start of uh of that

2678
01:51:28,229 --> 01:51:26,880
exciting nasa challenge uh it's gonna be

2679
01:51:34,870 --> 01:51:28,239
a great one so you don't want to miss it

2680
01:51:38,950 --> 01:51:37,109
now jezreel crater is the site of the

2681
01:51:41,430 --> 01:51:38,960
landing for this mission and again we

2682
01:51:43,589 --> 01:51:41,440
told you once before it was chosen uh

2683
01:51:45,910 --> 01:51:43,599
because of the way that the the crater

2684
01:51:47,910 --> 01:51:45,920
looked it looked like it contained water

2685
01:51:49,430 --> 01:51:47,920
uh for a long period of time i i

2686
01:51:52,070 --> 01:51:49,440
mentioned to you that you could see

2687
01:51:54,470 --> 01:51:52,080
channels were uh where water flowed into

2688
01:51:56,390 --> 01:51:54,480
the crater and we even have uh we even

2689
01:51:57,990 --> 01:51:56,400
have an outflow channel on the other

2690
01:51:59,750 --> 01:51:58,000
side of the crater so you can see where

2691
01:52:01,030 --> 01:51:59,760
water flowed through the crater and out

2692
01:52:03,030 --> 01:52:01,040
the other side

2693
01:52:05,189 --> 01:52:03,040
eventually that water

2694
01:52:07,910 --> 01:52:05,199
the water started settled there in that

2695
01:52:09,430 --> 01:52:07,920
space and then eventually it all dried

2696
01:52:11,430 --> 01:52:09,440
up but not before leaving a lot of

2697
01:52:14,550 --> 01:52:11,440
sediment there and that's pretty neat

2698
01:52:16,149 --> 01:52:14,560
we'll be able to access it

2699
01:52:18,790 --> 01:52:16,159
so it looks like we've got just a few

2700
01:52:20,629 --> 01:52:18,800
more minutes to go before uh before that

2701
01:52:23,589 --> 01:52:20,639
uh before that

2702
01:52:25,350 --> 01:52:23,599
neat engineering challenge

2703
01:52:33,430 --> 01:52:25,360
make sure you have your supplies with

2704
01:52:45,830 --> 01:52:34,790
still taking a look at some of the other

2705
01:52:49,270 --> 01:52:47,350
looks like they're getting a message to

2706
01:52:51,430 --> 01:52:49,280
me

2707
01:52:53,669 --> 01:52:51,440
always giving updates about this uh

2708
01:52:56,629 --> 01:52:53,679
about this important mission again earth

2709
01:52:58,470 --> 01:52:56,639
and mars are more than 300 million miles

2710
01:53:00,709 --> 01:52:58,480
apart

2711
01:53:03,430 --> 01:53:00,719
but so far it appears that the uh that

2712
01:53:05,189 --> 01:53:03,440
the vehicle is performing nominally

2713
01:53:06,950 --> 01:53:05,199
about 10 minutes before it enters the

2714
01:53:09,510 --> 01:53:06,960
atmosphere it's going to shed the the

2715
01:53:13,189 --> 01:53:09,520
cruise stage for the vehicle and once

2716
01:53:15,589 --> 01:53:13,199
that's disconnected then a new new radio

2717
01:53:18,149 --> 01:53:15,599
receiver will have to kick in on the on

2718
01:53:21,350 --> 01:53:18,159
the landing uh aeroshell

2719
01:53:23,589 --> 01:53:21,360
and then once the uh once the rover shed

2720
01:53:26,070 --> 01:53:23,599
see uh sheds the uh

2721
01:53:28,550 --> 01:53:26,080
the aeroshell then another radio

2722
01:53:30,229 --> 01:53:28,560
transceiver will take over so there's

2723
01:53:31,510 --> 01:53:30,239
plenty of opportunities for something to

2724
01:53:37,750 --> 01:53:31,520
go wrong

2725
01:53:42,629 --> 01:53:39,430
looks like a question came in folks were

2726
01:53:44,709 --> 01:53:42,639
asking a little bit more about moxie

2727
01:53:46,629 --> 01:53:44,719
moxie is one of the unique experiments

2728
01:53:49,030 --> 01:53:46,639
that we'll be testing

2729
01:53:51,589 --> 01:53:49,040
now the information that i have here in

2730
01:53:53,910 --> 01:53:51,599
my notes

2731
01:53:56,070 --> 01:53:53,920
this is a technology demonstration that

2732
01:53:58,390 --> 01:53:56,080
will produce oxygen from the martian

2733
01:54:00,950 --> 01:53:58,400
atmosphere and in the atmosphere on mars

2734
01:54:03,589 --> 01:54:00,960
is mostly carbon dioxide

2735
01:54:06,550 --> 01:54:03,599
so if successful moxie's technology can

2736
01:54:09,830 --> 01:54:06,560
be used by future astronauts on mars to

2737
01:54:11,109 --> 01:54:09,840
burn rocket fuel for returning to earth

2738
01:54:12,390 --> 01:54:11,119
um

2739
01:54:14,870 --> 01:54:12,400
and it's going to be it's going to be

2740
01:54:17,189 --> 01:54:14,880
really neat as well as providing oxygen

2741
01:54:19,430 --> 01:54:17,199
for uh for a crew to supplement

2742
01:54:21,750 --> 01:54:19,440
what they already have as i think i

2743
01:54:22,470 --> 01:54:21,760
might have mentioned earlier if we can

2744
01:54:24,790 --> 01:54:22,480
make

2745
01:54:26,709 --> 01:54:24,800
our own oxygen and our own rocket fuel

2746
01:54:28,950 --> 01:54:26,719
there then we don't need to carry all

2747
01:54:31,830 --> 01:54:28,960
the fuel that we need to uh to leave

2748
01:54:34,310 --> 01:54:31,840
earth travel to mars and to go home

2749
01:54:36,390 --> 01:54:34,320
less fuel means less weight so

2750
01:54:39,750 --> 01:54:36,400
it doesn't take as much fuel to get us

2751
01:54:41,910 --> 01:54:39,760
off the ground also

2752
01:54:43,350 --> 01:54:41,920
if there's more room because we don't

2753
01:54:45,669 --> 01:54:43,360
have to carry the fuel we need to get

2754
01:54:48,390 --> 01:54:45,679
home that's more room for an additional

2755
01:54:50,629 --> 01:54:48,400
payload and that means that we can take

2756
01:54:52,709 --> 01:54:50,639
more experiments more stuff to the red

2757
01:54:54,790 --> 01:54:52,719
planet and that'll be so cool moxie

2758
01:54:57,990 --> 01:54:54,800
again is an acronym that stands for the

2759
01:55:00,390 --> 01:54:58,000
mars oxygen in sync2 resource

2760
01:55:03,030 --> 01:55:00,400
utilization experiment

2761
01:55:08,709 --> 01:55:06,070
e m-o-x-i-e we hope to be able to uh we

2762
01:55:11,109 --> 01:55:08,719
hope to be able to produce uh oxygen out

2763
01:55:12,950 --> 01:55:11,119
of the thin martian air that's going to

2764
01:55:17,270 --> 01:55:12,960
be really cool

2765
01:55:20,790 --> 01:55:19,189
we've got folks working in all kinds of

2766
01:55:23,109 --> 01:55:20,800
places to make sure that we have what

2767
01:55:24,790 --> 01:55:23,119
what it is that we need

2768
01:55:26,229 --> 01:55:24,800
still a few minutes left if you haven't

2769
01:55:27,750 --> 01:55:26,239
gathered up all those materials and

2770
01:55:29,750 --> 01:55:27,760
supplies that you're going to need to do

2771
01:55:32,550 --> 01:55:29,760
that science experiment you want to make

2772
01:55:38,470 --> 01:55:32,560
sure that you go ahead and get a hold of

2773
01:55:43,430 --> 01:55:40,709
so excited about this mission

2774
01:55:45,109 --> 01:55:43,440
and all that all it'll be able to do

2775
01:55:47,030 --> 01:55:45,119
again the

2776
01:55:49,510 --> 01:55:47,040
mission planners designed this mission

2777
01:55:51,589 --> 01:55:49,520
to last for uh for one martian year

2778
01:55:53,189 --> 01:55:51,599
that's two earth years and that

2779
01:55:55,030 --> 01:55:53,199
difference is because earth and mars

2780
01:55:56,390 --> 01:55:55,040
have different orbits around the sun it

2781
01:55:58,470 --> 01:55:56,400
takes the earth

2782
01:56:01,030 --> 01:55:58,480
one full year to complete a circuit

2783
01:56:03,270 --> 01:56:01,040
around the sun now mars is twice the

2784
01:56:05,189 --> 01:56:03,280
distance from the sun that the earth is

2785
01:56:07,830 --> 01:56:05,199
meaning that it's going to take mars

2786
01:56:10,550 --> 01:56:07,840
twice as long to get all the way around

2787
01:56:12,950 --> 01:56:10,560
the sun so one martian year is equal to

2788
01:56:15,430 --> 01:56:12,960
two earth years and this vehicle is

2789
01:56:17,830 --> 01:56:15,440
designed to last that long but again as

2790
01:56:19,669 --> 01:56:17,840
we talked about earlier if it's anything

2791
01:56:22,870 --> 01:56:19,679
like the great engineering that was done

2792
01:56:23,830 --> 01:56:22,880
on previous rovers it it will last much

2793
01:56:26,550 --> 01:56:23,840
longer

2794
01:56:28,950 --> 01:56:26,560
to give you an example uh our last rover

2795
01:56:30,950 --> 01:56:28,960
that went to mars landed nine years ago

2796
01:56:34,470 --> 01:56:30,960
that was a curiosity rover and by the

2797
01:56:35,910 --> 01:56:34,480
way curiosity is still operating on mars

2798
01:56:39,270 --> 01:56:35,920
just like this rover it was only

2799
01:56:42,550 --> 01:56:39,280
designed to operate for a period of

2800
01:56:44,470 --> 01:56:42,560
of two earth years but at the end of its

2801
01:56:47,589 --> 01:56:44,480
primary mission it was still going still

2802
01:56:50,229 --> 01:56:47,599
going strong and so the mission has been

2803
01:56:53,750 --> 01:56:50,239
extended and continues to this very day

2804
01:56:56,470 --> 01:56:53,760
curiosity made enormous number of uh

2805
01:56:58,790 --> 01:56:56,480
an enormous number of discoveries and we

2806
01:57:00,790 --> 01:56:58,800
expect nothing less from perseverance

2807
01:57:03,189 --> 01:57:00,800
and perseverance has new equipment more

2808
01:57:06,229 --> 01:57:03,199
sophisticated equipment that can tell us

2809
01:57:09,380 --> 01:57:06,239
more about the story of mars i can't

2810
01:57:12,149 --> 01:57:09,390
wait it's going to be so exciting

2811
01:57:13,910 --> 01:57:12,159
[Music]

2812
01:57:17,030 --> 01:57:13,920
other questions are coming in for us and

2813
01:57:19,830 --> 01:57:17,040
we're trying to keep up with them

2814
01:57:23,189 --> 01:57:19,840
want to say hi to al and to

2815
01:57:26,229 --> 01:57:24,950
swati i hope i'm pronouncing that

2816
01:57:28,470 --> 01:57:26,239
correctly

2817
01:57:31,430 --> 01:57:28,480
has joined us as well and that's uh

2818
01:57:33,669 --> 01:57:31,440
that's pretty exciting

2819
01:57:36,709 --> 01:57:33,679
having somebody here that's joining us

2820
01:57:39,510 --> 01:57:36,719
from the virgin islands how exciting is

2821
01:57:45,350 --> 01:57:39,520
that

2822
01:57:49,510 --> 01:57:47,350
we'll be able to look at them at look at

2823
01:57:52,390 --> 01:57:49,520
mars from the air we'll be able to

2824
01:57:54,390 --> 01:57:52,400
penetrate using ground penetrating radar

2825
01:57:58,310 --> 01:57:54,400
to be able to look underneath

2826
01:57:59,430 --> 01:57:58,320
new experiments that are there

2827
01:58:01,510 --> 01:57:59,440
ways to

2828
01:58:04,950 --> 01:58:01,520
to look for organics

2829
01:58:07,189 --> 01:58:04,960
to study the geology of mars all in new

2830
01:58:08,790 --> 01:58:07,199
ways with new and exciting equipment

2831
01:58:11,510 --> 01:58:08,800
plus we're demonstrating some great

2832
01:58:14,149 --> 01:58:11,520
technology that's going to allow the uh

2833
01:58:16,790 --> 01:58:14,159
the vehicle the spacecraft to touch down

2834
01:58:19,430 --> 01:58:16,800
on mars much closer to our target

2835
01:58:21,510 --> 01:58:19,440
landing site than ever before and again

2836
01:58:22,950 --> 01:58:21,520
these are all new technologies

2837
01:58:25,510 --> 01:58:22,960
that are being tested and utilized for

2838
01:58:27,270 --> 01:58:25,520
the very first time it's going to be so

2839
01:58:29,830 --> 01:58:27,280
very very exciting and we're so glad

2840
01:58:31,910 --> 01:58:29,840
that you were able to join us as we as

2841
01:58:32,870 --> 01:58:31,920
we bring you continuing continuing

2842
01:58:35,430 --> 01:58:32,880
coverage

2843
01:58:39,750 --> 01:58:35,440
of the uh of the upcoming mars

2844
01:58:44,790 --> 01:58:42,229
our friends at the uh at the nasa glenn

2845
01:58:47,030 --> 01:58:44,800
research center big sponsors here at the

2846
01:58:49,669 --> 01:58:47,040
great lakes science center have joined

2847
01:58:52,070 --> 01:58:49,679
us as well so as you have questions and

2848
01:58:54,070 --> 01:58:52,080
you enter those questions uh you post

2849
01:58:56,149 --> 01:58:54,080
your questions in addition to myself we

2850
01:58:57,910 --> 01:58:56,159
have subject matter experts at nasa

2851
01:59:00,310 --> 01:58:57,920
glenn who are responding to some of

2852
01:59:02,229 --> 01:59:00,320
those questions as well

2853
01:59:03,589 --> 01:59:02,239
uh deborah mccrory hey we're glad that

2854
01:59:05,589 --> 01:59:03,599
you're with us

2855
01:59:16,070 --> 01:59:05,599
and uh and keep on answering some of

2856
01:59:23,750 --> 01:59:18,149
raphael

2857
01:59:25,669 --> 01:59:23,760
joining us from uh from upstate new york

2858
01:59:37,109 --> 01:59:25,679
glad to have you with us tuning in to

2859
01:59:42,629 --> 01:59:40,950
so between the mars helicopter

2860
01:59:44,070 --> 01:59:42,639
moxie it's also

2861
01:59:46,070 --> 01:59:44,080
also one of the unique science

2862
01:59:48,870 --> 01:59:46,080
instruments in fact there's seven

2863
01:59:49,750 --> 01:59:48,880
instruments that are truly amazing that

2864
01:59:54,870 --> 01:59:49,760
are

2865
01:59:57,030 --> 01:59:54,880
we talked about mass cam z one of those

2866
01:59:58,709 --> 01:59:57,040
uh one of those seven instruments it

2867
02:00:02,070 --> 01:59:58,719
will help us to conduct

2868
02:00:03,750 --> 02:00:02,080
some unprecedented science and research

2869
02:00:05,430 --> 02:00:03,760
uh in addition to testing some of the

2870
02:00:07,430 --> 02:00:05,440
new technology that we talked about

2871
02:00:14,550 --> 02:00:07,440
before it's uh it's truly going to be

2872
02:00:19,510 --> 02:00:16,709
well it looks like it's that time

2873
02:00:22,629 --> 02:00:19,520
and and i can't wait to begin this uh

2874
02:00:26,390 --> 02:00:22,639
unique nasa design challenge

2875
02:00:28,470 --> 02:00:26,400
um it is uh it is a free activity and uh

2876
02:00:30,070 --> 02:00:28,480
and here to introduce that activity and

2877
02:00:32,950 --> 02:00:30,080
to guide us through it is a good friend

2878
02:00:35,189 --> 02:00:32,960
of mine roger storm he's a stem educator

2879
02:00:38,310 --> 02:00:35,199
with paragon tech supporting nasa

2880
02:00:40,629 --> 02:00:38,320
glenn's office of stem engagement he'll

2881
02:00:42,229 --> 02:00:40,639
be facilitating the activity roger good

2882
02:00:43,990 --> 02:00:42,239
to see you are you ready

2883
02:00:46,149 --> 02:00:44,000
john dar it's good to see you and we are

2884
02:00:47,910 --> 02:00:46,159
ready i am too i've got all my equipment

2885
02:00:50,629 --> 02:00:47,920
i'm ready to do this experiment it's all

2886
02:00:53,109 --> 02:00:50,639
yours sir super super well

2887
02:00:55,109 --> 02:00:53,119
hello everybody my name is roger storm

2888
02:00:57,270 --> 02:00:55,119
and i am at the nasa glenn research

2889
02:00:59,910 --> 02:00:57,280
center here in cleveland ohio

2890
02:01:02,070 --> 02:00:59,920
and we are set today to do an

2891
02:01:03,510 --> 02:01:02,080
engineering design challenge we're going

2892
02:01:06,390 --> 02:01:03,520
to involve you

2893
02:01:08,470 --> 02:01:06,400
in designing a drag device to slow

2894
02:01:10,950 --> 02:01:08,480
things down and that's going to be very

2895
02:01:13,030 --> 02:01:10,960
important in landing today just

2896
02:01:15,830 --> 02:01:13,040
wow just a little over two hours

2897
02:01:17,589 --> 02:01:15,840
for our perseverance rover

2898
02:01:19,189 --> 02:01:17,599
so uh

2899
02:01:20,830 --> 02:01:19,199
it's great to have you i hope you've

2900
02:01:22,629 --> 02:01:20,840
gathered your supplies

2901
02:01:25,990 --> 02:01:22,639
uh

2902
02:01:28,470 --> 02:01:26,000
to participate in the challenge

2903
02:01:30,790 --> 02:01:28,480
if not you can go to great lakes times

2904
02:01:33,589 --> 02:01:30,800
at greatscience.com

2905
02:01:35,270 --> 02:01:33,599
events and they have a list there

2906
02:01:37,109 --> 02:01:35,280
you can get can't get right today you

2907
02:01:38,550 --> 02:01:37,119
can do this another day or later today

2908
02:01:40,310 --> 02:01:38,560
but it's a great thing to try and do

2909
02:01:41,830 --> 02:01:40,320
you're going to become an engineer

2910
02:01:43,990 --> 02:01:41,840
one of the things that's exciting for me

2911
02:01:47,109 --> 02:01:44,000
about this is that i'm talking to some

2912
02:01:48,550 --> 02:01:47,119
people uh who could be the first people

2913
02:01:50,950 --> 02:01:48,560
on mars

2914
02:01:51,750 --> 02:01:50,960
uh we are taking kind of baby steps

2915
02:01:53,990 --> 02:01:51,760
still

2916
02:01:55,510 --> 02:01:54,000
uh it's a it's not a baby thing that

2917
02:01:58,229 --> 02:01:55,520
we're doing it's an exciting thing that

2918
02:02:00,070 --> 02:01:58,239
we're doing um but we're progressing so

2919
02:02:02,070 --> 02:02:00,080
we can get some people actually go to

2920
02:02:04,390 --> 02:02:02,080
mars and those people today are probably

2921
02:02:06,550 --> 02:02:04,400
in the fourth or fifth grade

2922
02:02:09,189 --> 02:02:06,560
so it could be you that would be the

2923
02:02:11,270 --> 02:02:09,199
first martian that's pretty neat well i

2924
02:02:13,030 --> 02:02:11,280
have some friends with me today from the

2925
02:02:14,629 --> 02:02:13,040
lakewood city schools

2926
02:02:15,669 --> 02:02:14,639
and they're going to be participating in

2927
02:02:17,830 --> 02:02:15,679
making

2928
02:02:20,229 --> 02:02:17,840
uh in doing this design challenge so

2929
02:02:21,589 --> 02:02:20,239
they've got their supplies ready um

2930
02:02:24,550 --> 02:02:21,599
we're going to do a little background

2931
02:02:27,030 --> 02:02:24,560
information i'm going to share my screen

2932
02:02:28,950 --> 02:02:27,040
uh with everybody today

2933
02:02:31,030 --> 02:02:28,960
and talk a little bit about what's going

2934
02:02:33,669 --> 02:02:31,040
to be involved in this

2935
02:02:35,030 --> 02:02:33,679
great endeavor so let's go to

2936
02:02:37,189 --> 02:02:35,040
screen number one

2937
02:02:39,589 --> 02:02:37,199
and we will share

2938
02:02:44,149 --> 02:02:42,629
let's see oh dear we got what happened

2939
02:02:45,270 --> 02:02:44,159
there we go

2940
02:02:46,470 --> 02:02:45,280
okay

2941
02:02:48,390 --> 02:02:46,480
so we're going to talk about lending

2942
02:02:51,430 --> 02:02:48,400
perseverance on mars it's exciting for

2943
02:02:52,709 --> 02:02:51,440
nasa to be here today uh particularly uh

2944
02:02:55,189 --> 02:02:52,719
with our partners the great lakes

2945
02:02:56,870 --> 02:02:55,199
science center who host our

2946
02:02:58,470 --> 02:02:56,880
visitor center they have an apollo

2947
02:02:59,990 --> 02:02:58,480
capsule and so many neat things if you

2948
02:03:01,750 --> 02:03:00,000
ever get a chance to go there boy don't

2949
02:03:03,510 --> 02:03:01,760
pass it up

2950
02:03:05,030 --> 02:03:03,520
this is our 80th anniversary here at the

2951
02:03:07,350 --> 02:03:05,040
glenn research center

2952
02:03:09,109 --> 02:03:07,360
we broke ground for uh the research

2953
02:03:11,430 --> 02:03:09,119
center which is next to the airport here

2954
02:03:15,030 --> 02:03:11,440
in cleveland 80 years ago

2955
02:03:16,070 --> 02:03:15,040
and it was created as a center to study

2956
02:03:18,950 --> 02:03:16,080
engines

2957
02:03:23,270 --> 02:03:18,960
fuels

2958
02:03:26,470 --> 02:03:25,189
we have about three thousand people over

2959
02:03:28,470 --> 02:03:26,480
three thousand people that work out

2960
02:03:29,430 --> 02:03:28,480
there at the research center

2961
02:03:30,790 --> 02:03:29,440
and

2962
02:03:32,310 --> 02:03:30,800
it is

2963
02:03:35,109 --> 02:03:32,320
an amazing place to be there are wind

2964
02:03:37,030 --> 02:03:35,119
tunnels four big wind tunnels there

2965
02:03:40,470 --> 02:03:37,040
we do research on like i say on engines

2966
02:03:42,390 --> 02:03:40,480
on fuels on microgravity on materials

2967
02:03:44,950 --> 02:03:42,400
things that make things fly better

2968
02:03:47,990 --> 02:03:44,960
on solar energy uh

2969
02:03:49,430 --> 02:03:48,000
on radioactive isotope energies uh if

2970
02:03:51,510 --> 02:03:49,440
you were with us earlier you heard is

2971
02:03:54,790 --> 02:03:51,520
what's powering perseverance what's

2972
02:03:56,310 --> 02:03:54,800
going to power perseverance on mars

2973
02:03:58,870 --> 02:03:56,320
so we are pushing boundaries and

2974
02:04:01,109 --> 02:03:58,880
breaking barriers and even uh it's kind

2975
02:04:03,750 --> 02:04:01,119
of neat that uh this logo that we use

2976
02:04:05,270 --> 02:04:03,760
for nasa was designed by a nasa glenn

2977
02:04:08,950 --> 02:04:05,280
engineer

2978
02:04:10,790 --> 02:04:08,960
okay we became part of nasa itself we

2979
02:04:12,229 --> 02:04:10,800
were originally part of what something

2980
02:04:14,870 --> 02:04:12,239
called naca the national advisory

2981
02:04:17,910 --> 02:04:14,880
council on aeronautics and in 1958

2982
02:04:19,669 --> 02:04:17,920
when president eisenhower organized nasa

2983
02:04:21,109 --> 02:04:19,679
uh we became part of that organization

2984
02:04:23,830 --> 02:04:21,119
there are 10 nasa centers around the

2985
02:04:25,990 --> 02:04:23,840
country and we are proud to be part of

2986
02:04:27,990 --> 02:04:26,000
that family

2987
02:04:29,109 --> 02:04:28,000
so let's uh

2988
02:04:31,030 --> 02:04:29,119
let's get into a little bit of

2989
02:04:33,830 --> 02:04:31,040
information here i'm gonna ask my

2990
02:04:35,750 --> 02:04:33,840
friends at uh at lakewood uh

2991
02:04:37,350 --> 02:04:35,760
we had a race uh who do you think's

2992
02:04:38,709 --> 02:04:37,360
gonna win the race

2993
02:04:40,950 --> 02:04:38,719
if you think it's the guy on the left

2994
02:04:42,229 --> 02:04:40,960
raise your hand

2995
02:04:43,430 --> 02:04:42,239
i don't see any hands what about the

2996
02:04:44,709 --> 02:04:43,440
person on the right think they're going

2997
02:04:47,830 --> 02:04:44,719
to win

2998
02:04:53,030 --> 02:04:47,840
oh no hands for that so why do you think

2999
02:04:57,350 --> 02:04:55,109
okay well it looks like they're running

3000
02:04:58,950 --> 02:04:57,360
through different fluids the person on

3001
02:05:01,109 --> 02:04:58,960
the left is running through a fluid we

3002
02:05:02,870 --> 02:05:01,119
call air

3003
02:05:05,109 --> 02:05:02,880
and the person on the right is running

3004
02:05:07,030 --> 02:05:05,119
through a fluid of water

3005
02:05:09,189 --> 02:05:07,040
and anytime you move through a fluid you

3006
02:05:10,229 --> 02:05:09,199
get some resistance

3007
02:05:14,070 --> 02:05:10,239
and

3008
02:05:16,310 --> 02:05:14,080
in this case the resistance we call drag

3009
02:05:17,030 --> 02:05:16,320
so the fluid resists you moving through

3010
02:05:18,550 --> 02:05:17,040
it

3011
02:05:20,310 --> 02:05:18,560
the thicker the fluid

3012
02:05:21,430 --> 02:05:20,320
okay the more resistance you're going to

3013
02:05:23,669 --> 02:05:21,440
have

3014
02:05:26,390 --> 02:05:23,679
also the faster you move the greater the

3015
02:05:28,470 --> 02:05:26,400
drag so drag is a force we have to

3016
02:05:31,350 --> 02:05:28,480
account for when we go through the air

3017
02:05:34,629 --> 02:05:31,360
with airplanes and aircraft so

3018
02:05:36,870 --> 02:05:34,639
drag always kind of pulls us back

3019
02:05:38,790 --> 02:05:36,880
as we kind of go through so to minimize

3020
02:05:41,030 --> 02:05:38,800
drag if you look at aircraft or you look

3021
02:05:43,030 --> 02:05:41,040
at fish or anything that moves through a

3022
02:05:46,390 --> 02:05:43,040
fluid they to get through easier they

3023
02:05:48,390 --> 02:05:46,400
have pointy noses and pointy tails and

3024
02:05:50,629 --> 02:05:48,400
that helps to minimize the drag so the

3025
02:05:52,709 --> 02:05:50,639
shape of an object influences how much

3026
02:05:54,709 --> 02:05:52,719
drag it encounters

3027
02:05:57,030 --> 02:05:54,719
when we landed the space shuttle when we

3028
02:05:59,189 --> 02:05:57,040
were flying the space shuttle uh we

3029
02:06:01,510 --> 02:05:59,199
wanted to take advantage of drag we

3030
02:06:02,390 --> 02:06:01,520
wanted to help use the drag to slow us

3031
02:06:04,950 --> 02:06:02,400
down

3032
02:06:07,270 --> 02:06:04,960
so this uh spacecraft that we commonly

3033
02:06:10,310 --> 02:06:07,280
call a space shuttle is a very very

3034
02:06:13,510 --> 02:06:10,320
blunt nose not a pointy nose a very

3035
02:06:15,510 --> 02:06:13,520
square back end not a pointy back end so

3036
02:06:17,910 --> 02:06:15,520
it created a lot of dragon so when we

3037
02:06:20,470 --> 02:06:17,920
landed coming in from his face at 25 000

3038
02:06:22,149 --> 02:06:20,480
miles an hour it used the drag of the

3039
02:06:24,470 --> 02:06:22,159
air to slow down you can also see we

3040
02:06:26,629 --> 02:06:24,480
used a parachute

3041
02:06:29,350 --> 02:06:26,639
it came out on landing to help slow the

3042
02:06:31,109 --> 02:06:29,360
aircraft down even more

3043
02:06:32,950 --> 02:06:31,119
so drag is really an important concept

3044
02:06:34,149 --> 02:06:32,960
for what we're talking about today and

3045
02:06:36,229 --> 02:06:34,159
for the challenge we're going to be

3046
02:06:38,550 --> 02:06:36,239
doing today okay

3047
02:06:40,629 --> 02:06:38,560
so in a few hours persevere it's going

3048
02:06:41,750 --> 02:06:40,639
to arrive at the edge of the martian

3049
02:06:44,310 --> 02:06:41,760
atmosphere

3050
02:06:46,550 --> 02:06:44,320
it's going to be going 12 500 miles an

3051
02:06:48,790 --> 02:06:46,560
hour you know to take off to leave the

3052
02:06:50,950 --> 02:06:48,800
earth it's hard to do

3053
02:06:53,109 --> 02:06:50,960
you can imagine going and taking a

3054
02:06:55,189 --> 02:06:53,119
cement block and trying to throw it up

3055
02:06:56,709 --> 02:06:55,199
on the roof of your house

3056
02:06:59,910 --> 02:06:56,719
well gravity's going to have a lot to

3057
02:07:03,189 --> 02:06:59,920
say about that not being very successful

3058
02:07:04,470 --> 02:07:03,199
can you imagine trying to get a 2 000

3059
02:07:06,310 --> 02:07:04,480
pound

3060
02:07:08,629 --> 02:07:06,320
rover off the earth and what kind of

3061
02:07:10,950 --> 02:07:08,639
energy that takes

3062
02:07:13,510 --> 02:07:10,960
we use rockets to do that rockets have a

3063
02:07:15,990 --> 02:07:13,520
lot of energy available they carry a lot

3064
02:07:19,030 --> 02:07:16,000
of fuel about 90 of the weight of a

3065
02:07:21,990 --> 02:07:19,040
rocket is just made up of just the fuel

3066
02:07:23,510 --> 02:07:22,000
and it gets this going very very fast to

3067
02:07:27,430 --> 02:07:23,520
leave the earth we've got to get going

3068
02:07:31,750 --> 02:07:27,440
25 000 miles an hour so back on july

3069
02:07:35,750 --> 02:07:31,760
uh july 30th okay of 2020 we launched

3070
02:07:38,790 --> 02:07:35,760
this spacecraft on an atlas v rocket

3071
02:07:40,790 --> 02:07:38,800
and it got it headed towards mars at 25

3072
02:07:42,390 --> 02:07:40,800
000 miles an hour now some people think

3073
02:07:43,830 --> 02:07:42,400
that to get

3074
02:07:46,470 --> 02:07:43,840
elevated water is going to take a lot of

3075
02:07:48,709 --> 02:07:46,480
fuel it's a long way away

3076
02:07:50,629 --> 02:07:48,719
we launched when when earth is closest

3077
02:07:52,470 --> 02:07:50,639
okay that happens about

3078
02:07:54,390 --> 02:07:52,480
about every 26 months because we have

3079
02:07:56,390 --> 02:07:54,400
different orbital speeds

3080
02:07:58,790 --> 02:07:56,400
and so sometimes mars is far away from

3081
02:08:00,310 --> 02:07:58,800
us sometimes mars is closer to us

3082
02:08:02,310 --> 02:08:00,320
well launched when it's close okay when

3083
02:08:04,390 --> 02:08:02,320
it's not so long a trip

3084
02:08:06,310 --> 02:08:04,400
in doing that okay

3085
02:08:08,149 --> 02:08:06,320
launched the rocket took a lot of energy

3086
02:08:09,910 --> 02:08:08,159
got it going 25 000 miles an hour and

3087
02:08:12,229 --> 02:08:09,920
the rocket was out of fuel in about 10

3088
02:08:14,069 --> 02:08:12,239
minutes

3089
02:08:16,229 --> 02:08:14,079
but

3090
02:08:19,430 --> 02:08:16,239
there's no fluid out in space space is a

3091
02:08:22,229 --> 02:08:19,440
vacuum so there's no drag

3092
02:08:23,589 --> 02:08:22,239
this aircraft this spacecraft coasted

3093
02:08:24,390 --> 02:08:23,599
all the way it's been coasting for the

3094
02:08:27,030 --> 02:08:24,400
last

3095
02:08:28,950 --> 02:08:27,040
seven months on its way to mars

3096
02:08:31,350 --> 02:08:28,960
through space now it's going to

3097
02:08:32,709 --> 02:08:31,360
encounter some atmosphere at mars

3098
02:08:33,910 --> 02:08:32,719
okay and that's going to be a little bit

3099
02:08:35,910 --> 02:08:33,920
of a problem we're going to take

3100
02:08:37,510 --> 02:08:35,920
advantage of that problem as well let's

3101
02:08:39,910 --> 02:08:37,520
talk about martian atmosphere for just a

3102
02:08:42,950 --> 02:08:39,920
minute okay if i take a quantity of

3103
02:08:45,109 --> 02:08:42,960
earth air okay i've got my air here and

3104
02:08:48,310 --> 02:08:45,119
let's say there's a thousand

3105
02:08:50,149 --> 02:08:48,320
molecules of gas in here mostly nitrogen

3106
02:08:52,390 --> 02:08:50,159
some oxygen some carbon dioxide some

3107
02:08:54,149 --> 02:08:52,400
water vapor but if that says there's a

3108
02:08:55,589 --> 02:08:54,159
thousand molecules actually there's

3109
02:08:57,830 --> 02:08:55,599
billions but we're going to say we've

3110
02:09:00,069 --> 02:08:57,840
got a thousand molecules in here if i

3111
02:09:01,189 --> 02:09:00,079
take that same quantity of martian

3112
02:09:02,550 --> 02:09:01,199
atmosphere

3113
02:09:04,229 --> 02:09:02,560
how many molecules do you think it would

3114
02:09:06,149 --> 02:09:04,239
be

3115
02:09:09,030 --> 02:09:06,159
more than a thousand

3116
02:09:10,390 --> 02:09:09,040
about a thousand less than a thousand

3117
02:09:13,270 --> 02:09:10,400
turns out

3118
02:09:15,990 --> 02:09:13,280
the answer is six

3119
02:09:17,189 --> 02:09:16,000
so for every thousand air molecules

3120
02:09:18,950 --> 02:09:17,199
around earth

3121
02:09:21,109 --> 02:09:18,960
there are six

3122
02:09:23,430 --> 02:09:21,119
gas molecules mostly carbon dioxide at

3123
02:09:25,030 --> 02:09:23,440
mars so we say a very thin atmosphere

3124
02:09:27,910 --> 02:09:25,040
that's what we're talking about at mars

3125
02:09:29,350 --> 02:09:27,920
a very very thin atmosphere but still an

3126
02:09:32,069 --> 02:09:29,360
atmosphere

3127
02:09:33,189 --> 02:09:32,079
so in perseverance okay arise at the

3128
02:09:35,270 --> 02:09:33,199
edge of that atmosphere it's going to

3129
02:09:37,189 --> 02:09:35,280
start hitting these molecules

3130
02:09:40,390 --> 02:09:37,199
even though there's not a whole lot of

3131
02:09:43,109 --> 02:09:40,400
them it does cause some drag in fact we

3132
02:09:45,189 --> 02:09:43,119
hit them going so fast 12 500 miles an

3133
02:09:47,430 --> 02:09:45,199
hour we set up shock waves and the shock

3134
02:09:49,350 --> 02:09:47,440
waves create heat and this capsule you

3135
02:09:52,310 --> 02:09:49,360
can see starts to heat up

3136
02:09:53,669 --> 02:09:52,320
and it gets very very very hot

3137
02:09:55,669 --> 02:09:53,679
okay

3138
02:09:58,229 --> 02:09:55,679
now we've got to take some precautions

3139
02:09:59,910 --> 02:09:58,239
if we don't a capsule will burn up so we

3140
02:10:01,109 --> 02:09:59,920
have a heat shield under the bottom of

3141
02:10:02,790 --> 02:10:01,119
the capsule

3142
02:10:06,229 --> 02:10:02,800
made of very special material that can

3143
02:10:08,149 --> 02:10:06,239
withstand okay these high temperatures

3144
02:10:09,830 --> 02:10:08,159
we can't land safely at twelve thousand

3145
02:10:11,270 --> 02:10:09,840
five hundred miles an hour we've gotta

3146
02:10:12,550 --> 02:10:11,280
slow down

3147
02:10:14,470 --> 02:10:12,560
so

3148
02:10:16,229 --> 02:10:14,480
the shape okay

3149
02:10:19,030 --> 02:10:16,239
is important we've got a very blunt

3150
02:10:20,149 --> 02:10:19,040
shape on our capsule that contains the

3151
02:10:21,189 --> 02:10:20,159
rover

3152
02:10:22,950 --> 02:10:21,199
okay

3153
02:10:23,910 --> 02:10:22,960
and this is going to create a lot of

3154
02:10:25,910 --> 02:10:23,920
drag

3155
02:10:27,990 --> 02:10:25,920
which is what we want to do because

3156
02:10:30,550 --> 02:10:28,000
we're sliding to slow down to get down

3157
02:10:31,350 --> 02:10:30,560
to zero miles an hour so we can land

3158
02:10:33,350 --> 02:10:31,360
well

3159
02:10:35,350 --> 02:10:33,360
getting into the atmosphere

3160
02:10:39,589 --> 02:10:35,360
and moving through it it's going to take

3161
02:10:41,910 --> 02:10:39,599
us down to about 940 miles an hour

3162
02:10:42,709 --> 02:10:41,920
if we hit the surface at 940 miles an

3163
02:10:43,990 --> 02:10:42,719
hour

3164
02:10:45,350 --> 02:10:44,000
mission over

3165
02:10:46,870 --> 02:10:45,360
way too fast

3166
02:10:48,229 --> 02:10:46,880
so now we've got to do something

3167
02:10:50,149 --> 02:10:48,239
different

3168
02:10:51,510 --> 02:10:50,159
and this is going to be involved in our

3169
02:10:53,030 --> 02:10:51,520
challenge today

3170
02:10:55,189 --> 02:10:53,040
we need to slow it down farther like i

3171
02:10:56,470 --> 02:10:55,199
say to zero or near zero so we're going

3172
02:10:59,030 --> 02:10:56,480
to talk about

3173
02:11:00,149 --> 02:10:59,040
another making a drag device today so

3174
02:11:03,109 --> 02:11:00,159
our challenge is going to involve what

3175
02:11:05,030 --> 02:11:03,119
happens next in this whole edl which

3176
02:11:07,430 --> 02:11:05,040
nasa calls

3177
02:11:08,870 --> 02:11:07,440
in it's called entry descent and landing

3178
02:11:11,430 --> 02:11:08,880
in the atmosphere

3179
02:11:13,109 --> 02:11:11,440
and so we're gonna put a parachute

3180
02:11:14,870 --> 02:11:13,119
gonna be about five miles sorry seven

3181
02:11:17,270 --> 02:11:14,880
miles above the surface

3182
02:11:18,390 --> 02:11:17,280
and we put out this 70 foot diameter

3183
02:11:24,470 --> 02:11:18,400
parachute

3184
02:11:26,229 --> 02:11:24,480
you're with us earlier you saw a

3185
02:11:27,910 --> 02:11:26,239
lance foster talk about how we tested

3186
02:11:30,709 --> 02:11:27,920
this out at nasa

3187
02:11:36,149 --> 02:11:33,109
this is going to slow us down

3188
02:11:39,430 --> 02:11:36,159
but only to about 200 miles an hour

3189
02:11:40,870 --> 02:11:39,440
so we can't land on just the parachute

3190
02:11:43,189 --> 02:11:40,880
we do that here on earth because we've

3191
02:11:46,709 --> 02:11:43,199
got denser air around us but that thin

3192
02:11:48,950 --> 02:11:46,719
air is not going to slow us down to zero

3193
02:11:51,750 --> 02:11:48,960
okay and if we hit the surface going 200

3194
02:11:53,990 --> 02:11:51,760
miles an hour that's going to be trouble

3195
02:11:56,229 --> 02:11:54,000
so we've got to do something else

3196
02:11:59,510 --> 02:11:56,239
and so about 6000 feet

3197
02:12:01,510 --> 02:11:59,520
what we do is uh cut the parachute loose

3198
02:12:03,510 --> 02:12:01,520
and eject the heat shield we don't need

3199
02:12:05,189 --> 02:12:03,520
that and now we have a device called the

3200
02:12:07,270 --> 02:12:05,199
descent vehicle

3201
02:12:09,030 --> 02:12:07,280
commonly called a sky crane

3202
02:12:11,350 --> 02:12:09,040
but underneath you can see underneath

3203
02:12:13,109 --> 02:12:11,360
the bottom here there's the rover tucked

3204
02:12:15,189 --> 02:12:13,119
up underneath the wheels are all folded

3205
02:12:18,390 --> 02:12:15,199
up

3206
02:12:20,470 --> 02:12:18,400
okay and we fire descent rockets

3207
02:12:23,189 --> 02:12:20,480
they fire in reverse to slow us down so

3208
02:12:24,870 --> 02:12:23,199
these are pushing now against uh the

3209
02:12:30,790 --> 02:12:24,880
gravity

3210
02:12:32,790 --> 02:12:30,800
against that slow down to one mile an

3211
02:12:34,790 --> 02:12:32,800
hour and then we get

3212
02:12:35,830 --> 02:12:34,800
that slow

3213
02:12:38,069 --> 02:12:35,840
okay

3214
02:12:40,709 --> 02:12:38,079
we don't want to land directly because

3215
02:12:42,550 --> 02:12:40,719
mars we saw the rover be underneath the

3216
02:12:44,390 --> 02:12:42,560
underneath the sky crane so what happens

3217
02:12:48,149 --> 02:12:44,400
is we lower it down to the surface on

3218
02:12:49,750 --> 02:12:48,159
some cables about 60 feet of cable and

3219
02:12:52,390 --> 02:12:49,760
and that lowering process the wheels

3220
02:12:54,709 --> 02:12:52,400
come out the rover unfolds

3221
02:12:57,109 --> 02:12:54,719
and when it touches the surface some

3222
02:12:59,990 --> 02:12:57,119
bolts fire off and break the cables and

3223
02:13:00,790 --> 02:13:00,000
the sky crane flies off

3224
02:13:02,390 --> 02:13:00,800
okay

3225
02:13:05,109 --> 02:13:02,400
it crashes somewhere safely out of the

3226
02:13:08,790 --> 02:13:05,119
way and now we are sitting on the

3227
02:13:10,629 --> 02:13:08,800
surface of mars after seven minutes okay

3228
02:13:12,310 --> 02:13:10,639
we are on the surface

3229
02:13:14,550 --> 02:13:12,320
on the surface we're ready to start

3230
02:13:17,109 --> 02:13:14,560
exploring the jezreel crater

3231
02:13:19,750 --> 02:13:17,119
which we think is a good place to uh to

3232
02:13:21,830 --> 02:13:19,760
land and we think it's a great place to

3233
02:13:23,990 --> 02:13:21,840
uh explore because we know there was a

3234
02:13:25,189 --> 02:13:24,000
lot of water there and it's left a lot

3235
02:13:27,350 --> 02:13:25,199
of clues

3236
02:13:28,870 --> 02:13:27,360
about what's like on mars and what

3237
02:13:30,550 --> 02:13:28,880
mars's past was like and we're going

3238
02:13:32,709 --> 02:13:30,560
gonna look for life on mars we're gonna

3239
02:13:34,629 --> 02:13:32,719
do experiments about changing carbon

3240
02:13:36,390 --> 02:13:34,639
dioxide in the atmosphere and

3241
02:13:38,790 --> 02:13:36,400
demonstrate making oxygen which we'll

3242
02:13:42,229 --> 02:13:38,800
need when we go to mars uh we've got

3243
02:13:43,750 --> 02:13:42,239
over 20 cameras on this on this uh this

3244
02:13:45,430 --> 02:13:43,760
rover it's got a little helicopter

3245
02:13:46,950 --> 02:13:45,440
underneath that's going to fly around

3246
02:13:48,550 --> 02:13:46,960
mars we do a lot of neat things when we

3247
02:13:49,910 --> 02:13:48,560
get to the surface but we've got to be

3248
02:13:51,910 --> 02:13:49,920
able to stop

3249
02:13:52,790 --> 02:13:51,920
and if we can't stop

3250
02:13:54,069 --> 02:13:52,800
okay

3251
02:13:55,910 --> 02:13:54,079
we're not going to do any science this

3252
02:13:58,950 --> 02:13:55,920
is a picture of uh

3253
02:14:01,350 --> 02:13:58,960
chrissy barcy who helped test

3254
02:14:03,109 --> 02:14:01,360
the parachutes

3255
02:14:05,109 --> 02:14:03,119
in our supersonic wind tunnel you can

3256
02:14:07,270 --> 02:14:05,119
see these are models we always test

3257
02:14:08,950 --> 02:14:07,280
models before we test real things it

3258
02:14:11,510 --> 02:14:08,960
would be hard to test a 70-foot

3259
02:14:14,149 --> 02:14:11,520
parachute in the low-density environment

3260
02:14:17,990 --> 02:14:14,159
of mars here on earth so we test models

3261
02:14:20,390 --> 02:14:18,000
we verify computer codes that uh

3262
02:14:23,350 --> 02:14:20,400
we design to go with these parachutes so

3263
02:14:26,310 --> 02:14:23,360
this is uh some of the work we did here

3264
02:14:28,310 --> 02:14:26,320
we did things about radioactive isotope

3265
02:14:30,470 --> 02:14:28,320
generators that are powering this rover

3266
02:14:31,430 --> 02:14:30,480
here at glenn

3267
02:14:34,470 --> 02:14:31,440
it's been

3268
02:14:37,109 --> 02:14:34,480
come together

3269
02:14:38,950 --> 02:14:37,119
well speaking of testing and speaking of

3270
02:14:41,109 --> 02:14:38,960
testing drag devices and parachutes we

3271
02:14:42,950 --> 02:14:41,119
have a challenge for you to do today

3272
02:14:45,350 --> 02:14:42,960
and the challenge for you to do today is

3273
02:14:47,510 --> 02:14:45,360
to make a drag device

3274
02:14:49,189 --> 02:14:47,520
okay so you decide number one design and

3275
02:14:50,790 --> 02:14:49,199
conduct the drag device that will slow

3276
02:14:53,669 --> 02:14:50,800
down its cargo and i hope you made the

3277
02:14:55,430 --> 02:14:53,679
cargo uh today when it's dropped from a

3278
02:14:57,030 --> 02:14:55,440
consistent height

3279
02:15:00,069 --> 02:14:57,040
the drag device must connect to the

3280
02:15:01,990 --> 02:15:00,079
cargo uh either couple nickels or cup

3281
02:15:04,390 --> 02:15:02,000
four pennies some of you i know have

3282
02:15:08,629 --> 02:15:04,400
washers that are hooked together uh to

3283
02:15:10,709 --> 02:15:08,639
be our stand in for our capsule and our

3284
02:15:11,910 --> 02:15:10,719
our rover coming down

3285
02:15:13,830 --> 02:15:11,920
you have to

3286
02:15:14,950 --> 02:15:13,840
drop this from a minimum height of six

3287
02:15:17,990 --> 02:15:14,960
feet

3288
02:15:20,069 --> 02:15:18,000
okay and it's got to maintain its its uh

3289
02:15:21,669 --> 02:15:20,079
integrity it can't come apart

3290
02:15:23,589 --> 02:15:21,679
okay it's gonna stay there through the

3291
02:15:25,750 --> 02:15:23,599
drop and landing and you're gonna need

3292
02:15:28,229 --> 02:15:25,760
to time this okay

3293
02:15:30,470 --> 02:15:28,239
you're gonna need to uh be safe that's

3294
02:15:31,910 --> 02:15:30,480
real important uh if you joined us

3295
02:15:34,149 --> 02:15:31,920
earlier you heard our engineers lord

3296
02:15:35,750 --> 02:15:34,159
klaman talk about safety how important

3297
02:15:38,229 --> 02:15:35,760
that is

3298
02:15:39,910 --> 02:15:38,239
so if you have some stairs

3299
02:15:41,510 --> 02:15:39,920
drop them over the railing or a balcony

3300
02:15:43,109 --> 02:15:41,520
you can drop them from

3301
02:15:46,790 --> 02:15:43,119
but if you need to you can use a step

3302
02:15:48,709 --> 02:15:46,800
ladder or a stable chair or a step stool

3303
02:15:51,589 --> 02:15:48,719
if you're using a chair

3304
02:15:53,510 --> 02:15:51,599
be safe have mom or dad give you help

3305
02:15:55,189 --> 02:15:53,520
to help drop the device but always try

3306
02:15:56,310 --> 02:15:55,199
and drop it from the same height and

3307
02:15:58,709 --> 02:15:56,320
time it

3308
02:16:02,629 --> 02:16:00,470
that's so we can compare information

3309
02:16:05,430 --> 02:16:02,639
compare data

3310
02:16:07,350 --> 02:16:05,440
speaking of data we always record that

3311
02:16:10,790 --> 02:16:07,360
so you need to write down how much time

3312
02:16:13,510 --> 02:16:10,800
it took for each drop for your design

3313
02:16:15,750 --> 02:16:13,520
the time to fall and the object okay is

3314
02:16:17,189 --> 02:16:15,760
to fall as slowly as possible the softer

3315
02:16:19,830 --> 02:16:17,199
the slower you go the softer you're

3316
02:16:23,430 --> 02:16:19,840
gonna land and the more chance you have

3317
02:16:25,109 --> 02:16:23,440
of your cargo staying intact

3318
02:16:26,470 --> 02:16:25,119
so uh

3319
02:16:28,709 --> 02:16:26,480
you've gotta i'm sorry i'm gonna go back

3320
02:16:30,390 --> 02:16:28,719
so we've got uh for each design you

3321
02:16:32,469 --> 02:16:30,400
wanna time the fall it takes and make

3322
02:16:34,870 --> 02:16:32,479
any comments uh that happened during

3323
02:16:36,790 --> 02:16:34,880
that test

3324
02:16:38,629 --> 02:16:36,800
i want to point out uh that since you're

3325
02:16:40,230 --> 02:16:38,639
being an engineer and designing in your

3326
02:16:42,230 --> 02:16:40,240
design process

3327
02:16:44,230 --> 02:16:42,240
sometimes things don't always go as you

3328
02:16:45,669 --> 02:16:44,240
plan

3329
02:16:47,669 --> 02:16:45,679
the first time we tried a supersonic

3330
02:16:49,270 --> 02:16:47,679
parachute in a wind tunnel it ripped the

3331
02:16:51,270 --> 02:16:49,280
shreds

3332
02:16:53,110 --> 02:16:51,280
uh so we go back to the drawing board as

3333
02:16:54,870 --> 02:16:53,120
they say and you try and figure out and

3334
02:16:56,070 --> 02:16:54,880
make a better design

3335
02:16:57,349 --> 02:16:56,080
so we should have some place in your

3336
02:16:59,349 --> 02:16:57,359
data table we're going to try and do a

3337
02:17:03,429 --> 02:16:59,359
couple designs today

3338
02:17:05,990 --> 02:17:03,439
of of your drag device

3339
02:17:09,190 --> 02:17:06,000
so we have these uh for testing do a

3340
02:17:11,110 --> 02:17:09,200
minimum of three test drops okay

3341
02:17:13,990 --> 02:17:11,120
all from the same height

3342
02:17:15,429 --> 02:17:14,000
record how many seconds it took to drop

3343
02:17:16,950 --> 02:17:15,439
so time how long it takes to or the

3344
02:17:17,990 --> 02:17:16,960
cargo to reach the ground or touch the

3345
02:17:19,509 --> 02:17:18,000
ground

3346
02:17:21,589 --> 02:17:19,519
record all this in your data table this

3347
02:17:23,589 --> 02:17:21,599
could just be a sheet of paper okay you

3348
02:17:25,030 --> 02:17:23,599
don't have to have fancy lines etc but

3349
02:17:26,629 --> 02:17:25,040
we have to make sure we always record

3350
02:17:29,669 --> 02:17:26,639
our data

3351
02:17:31,190 --> 02:17:29,679
okay then once we do that we want you to

3352
02:17:32,309 --> 02:17:31,200
think of some ways you can improve your

3353
02:17:34,309 --> 02:17:32,319
design

3354
02:17:35,509 --> 02:17:34,319
and construct and test your new ideas i

3355
02:17:36,870 --> 02:17:35,519
think we'll have enough time today for

3356
02:17:39,830 --> 02:17:36,880
you to do that

3357
02:17:41,589 --> 02:17:39,840
uh and test some more drops okay again a

3358
02:17:43,669 --> 02:17:41,599
minimum of three drops all from the same

3359
02:17:46,629 --> 02:17:43,679
height for each design

3360
02:17:48,629 --> 02:17:46,639
you've gathered your materials i'm sure

3361
02:17:50,549 --> 02:17:48,639
you have some weight of time

3362
02:17:52,950 --> 02:17:50,559
you have your cargo made you have a

3363
02:17:55,190 --> 02:17:52,960
ruler or a tape measure an instant

3364
02:17:56,629 --> 02:17:55,200
string and tape

3365
02:17:58,150 --> 02:17:56,639
plus the we gave you a list of

3366
02:18:00,549 --> 02:17:58,160
additional materials that you can have

3367
02:18:02,389 --> 02:18:00,559
available for you to use at this time

3368
02:18:03,589 --> 02:18:02,399
so any of these things that are on this

3369
02:18:05,030 --> 02:18:03,599
list

3370
02:18:06,469 --> 02:18:05,040
fine to use

3371
02:18:08,309 --> 02:18:06,479
again any other materials that adult

3372
02:18:10,549 --> 02:18:08,319
might approve is good

3373
02:18:11,830 --> 02:18:10,559
so we are not specifying what you have

3374
02:18:14,709 --> 02:18:11,840
to do here

3375
02:18:16,549 --> 02:18:14,719
we are specifying the constraints of

3376
02:18:17,990 --> 02:18:16,559
it's got to fall six feet okay it's got

3377
02:18:20,389 --> 02:18:18,000
to stay intact

3378
02:18:22,230 --> 02:18:20,399
and uh it's got to

3379
02:18:23,589 --> 02:18:22,240
be made of any of these things that you

3380
02:18:25,669 --> 02:18:23,599
think are going to work to make a good

3381
02:18:27,830 --> 02:18:25,679
drag device

3382
02:18:29,270 --> 02:18:27,840
cargo was ahead of time so we can skip

3383
02:18:31,190 --> 02:18:29,280
over this real quick everybody has the

3384
02:18:33,270 --> 02:18:31,200
cargo made up

3385
02:18:35,270 --> 02:18:33,280
just to give you some ideas

3386
02:18:37,509 --> 02:18:35,280
some of the things we do at nasa or do

3387
02:18:39,589 --> 02:18:37,519
here on earth we have some drag designs

3388
02:18:42,309 --> 02:18:39,599
like these parachutes

3389
02:18:43,990 --> 02:18:42,319
round parachutes are quite common

3390
02:18:45,270 --> 02:18:44,000
on the left of what's called a ram air

3391
02:18:48,469 --> 02:18:45,280
parachute you'll see these with

3392
02:18:50,790 --> 02:18:48,479
skydivers using these okay so these are

3393
02:18:53,429 --> 02:18:50,800
some possibilities that create drag

3394
02:18:56,309 --> 02:18:53,439
moving through the air

3395
02:18:58,870 --> 02:18:56,319
you see different numbers of parachutes

3396
02:19:00,230 --> 02:18:58,880
perseverance you have one parachute

3397
02:19:03,750 --> 02:19:00,240
one parachute

3398
02:19:05,110 --> 02:19:03,760
is easier to design less complicated and

3399
02:19:06,469 --> 02:19:05,120
test it over and over and over and over

3400
02:19:07,910 --> 02:19:06,479
again so we're pretty sure it's going to

3401
02:19:09,509 --> 02:19:07,920
work

3402
02:19:10,790 --> 02:19:09,519
some other things we're thinking about

3403
02:19:12,070 --> 02:19:10,800
nasa has looked at

3404
02:19:13,669 --> 02:19:12,080
inflatable

3405
02:19:15,589 --> 02:19:13,679
drag devices

3406
02:19:17,270 --> 02:19:15,599
so instead of a parachute you take you

3407
02:19:19,589 --> 02:19:17,280
get to your location wherever you're

3408
02:19:21,750 --> 02:19:19,599
going to try and land and things inflate

3409
02:19:24,230 --> 02:19:21,760
to create more drag as you move through

3410
02:19:26,309 --> 02:19:24,240
the fluid the air of the atmosphere of

3411
02:19:29,030 --> 02:19:26,319
the place you're trying to land

3412
02:19:31,429 --> 02:19:29,040
uh we've created some drag shields

3413
02:19:32,870 --> 02:19:31,439
uh these are also inflatable so this is

3414
02:19:35,110 --> 02:19:32,880
a little different instead of hanging

3415
02:19:36,870 --> 02:19:35,120
above you you're kind of inside this so

3416
02:19:37,830 --> 02:19:36,880
these are other kinds of designs we've

3417
02:19:40,389 --> 02:19:37,840
looked at

3418
02:19:41,830 --> 02:19:40,399
uh and are currently testing so that

3419
02:19:43,429 --> 02:19:41,840
should give you some ideas of some

3420
02:19:45,429 --> 02:19:43,439
things you can do

3421
02:19:48,070 --> 02:19:45,439
okay so now i would like you to get

3422
02:19:49,590 --> 02:19:48,080
together and work on your design i'd

3423
02:19:51,429 --> 02:19:49,600
like you to test it i'd like you to

3424
02:19:53,830 --> 02:19:51,439
collect data and then we're going to

3425
02:19:55,830 --> 02:19:53,840
come back in 15 minutes we have a time

3426
02:19:59,190 --> 02:19:55,840
constraint here just like we have a

3427
02:20:00,309 --> 02:19:59,200
constraint to launch every 26 months

3428
02:20:02,469 --> 02:20:00,319
from the earth you have a time

3429
02:20:04,950 --> 02:20:02,479
constraint to construct your device

3430
02:20:06,790 --> 02:20:04,960
okay in 15 minutes and we'll be timing

3431
02:20:08,150 --> 02:20:06,800
here i'll be reminding you

3432
02:20:09,990 --> 02:20:08,160
and since you've got all your materials

3433
02:20:12,230 --> 02:20:10,000
together this should should work pretty

3434
02:20:14,070 --> 02:20:12,240
great so design your drag device

3435
02:20:15,349 --> 02:20:14,080
whatever you want to slow things down as

3436
02:20:17,349 --> 02:20:15,359
it comes down

3437
02:20:19,190 --> 02:20:17,359
and then time those and then we'll come

3438
02:20:20,870 --> 02:20:19,200
back together and we'll take a look at

3439
02:20:22,230 --> 02:20:20,880
some of your design ideas and some

3440
02:20:24,230 --> 02:20:22,240
things you've done

3441
02:20:26,469 --> 02:20:24,240
and then we'll say let's go back and

3442
02:20:27,349 --> 02:20:26,479
we're going to redesign and retest

3443
02:20:31,510 --> 02:20:27,359
so

3444
02:20:32,630 --> 02:20:31,520
the construction engineers make your

3445
02:21:00,389 --> 02:20:32,640
designs

3446
02:21:04,150 --> 02:21:01,990
and again if you're working at home

3447
02:21:05,670 --> 02:21:04,160
you're watching us on on youtube live

3448
02:21:06,550 --> 02:21:05,680
this is a time for you to construct as

3449
02:21:07,590 --> 02:21:06,560
well

3450
02:21:10,950 --> 02:21:07,600
we're gonna have you share some of your

3451
02:21:12,710 --> 02:21:10,960
designs with us on social media so uh we

3452
02:21:13,830 --> 02:21:12,720
look forward to that as well and there's

3453
02:21:14,630 --> 02:21:13,840
a chat

3454
02:21:15,910 --> 02:21:14,640
uh

3455
02:21:18,790 --> 02:21:15,920
we're gonna answer some things in the

3456
02:21:20,469 --> 02:21:18,800
chat someone asked about uh

3457
02:21:22,070 --> 02:21:20,479
what elements make up the atmosphere

3458
02:21:24,790 --> 02:21:22,080
well for earth it's

3459
02:21:26,950 --> 02:21:24,800
mostly nitrogen about 78

3460
02:21:28,950 --> 02:21:26,960
about 21 oxygen

3461
02:21:31,910 --> 02:21:28,960
about one percent carbon dioxide water

3462
02:21:35,990 --> 02:21:31,920
vapor and some other uh gases like argon

3463
02:21:36,000 --> 02:21:38,790
okay

3464
02:21:43,030 --> 02:21:40,630
so we want to see what you're making as

3465
02:21:44,710 --> 02:21:43,040
you go along so if you could uh

3466
02:21:46,469 --> 02:21:44,720
kind of hold up some cameras i can see

3467
02:21:47,750 --> 02:21:46,479
uh some classes that are working i'm

3468
02:21:49,190 --> 02:21:47,760
looking over here

3469
02:21:58,710 --> 02:21:49,200
at pictures of

3470
02:21:58,720 --> 02:22:32,309
um

3471
02:22:36,790 --> 02:22:34,630
oh about the mars atmosphere

3472
02:22:38,469 --> 02:22:36,800
mars atmos let's see we can answer that

3473
02:22:41,510 --> 02:22:38,479
question the mars atmosphere is carbon

3474
02:22:43,110 --> 02:22:41,520
dioxide about 98 percent

3475
02:22:45,590 --> 02:22:43,120
there's a little bit of oxygen not

3476
02:23:50,870 --> 02:22:45,600
enough that we could breathe

3477
02:27:30,710 --> 02:27:26,790
so

3478
02:32:02,790 --> 02:27:30,720
we have another 10 minutes to finish

3479
02:32:02,800 --> 02:32:33,670
oh

3480
02:32:38,469 --> 02:32:36,469
okay we're in about 10 minutes right now

3481
02:32:40,550 --> 02:32:38,479
and i see a lot of construction going on

3482
02:32:43,190 --> 02:32:40,560
so that's let's extend our construction

3483
02:32:45,349 --> 02:32:43,200
time another five minutes so we will

3484
02:32:46,550 --> 02:32:45,359
um

3485
02:32:47,990 --> 02:32:46,560
give you another five minutes for

3486
02:33:26,630 --> 02:32:48,000
construction and maybe we can get some

3487
02:33:26,640 --> 02:36:55,429
uh

3488
02:36:55,439 --> 02:37:30,550
so

3489
02:37:33,910 --> 02:37:32,630
okay we're in about 15 minutes at this

3490
02:37:36,150 --> 02:37:33,920
current time

3491
02:37:39,590 --> 02:37:36,160
and i do see some tests going on so some

3492
02:37:40,870 --> 02:37:39,600
of you are making some good progress

3493
02:37:43,510 --> 02:37:40,880
in about five minutes we're going to

3494
02:37:45,110 --> 02:37:43,520
look at some designs that you've made

3495
02:39:13,590 --> 02:37:45,120
so if you can test

3496
02:42:30,389 --> 02:39:53,190
uh

3497
02:42:35,830 --> 02:42:33,750
okay everybody we're at 20 minutes now

3498
02:42:37,349 --> 02:42:35,840
and i have seen some testing going on so

3499
02:42:38,630 --> 02:42:37,359
we're going to come back if we could see

3500
02:42:52,790 --> 02:42:38,640
a

3501
02:42:54,630 --> 02:42:52,800
like to show us their design turn your

3502
02:42:56,870 --> 02:42:54,640
mic on we can unmute your mic if you

3503
02:42:59,030 --> 02:42:56,880
don't you can show us your design and

3504
02:43:07,429 --> 02:42:59,040
tell us how you thought it worked

3505
02:43:10,950 --> 02:43:08,950
so i'm not seeing any volunteers i'm

3506
02:43:12,630 --> 02:43:10,960
going to ask that all six of you who are

3507
02:43:20,230 --> 02:43:12,640
working at home hold up your design to

3508
02:43:20,240 --> 02:43:27,190
okay wow okay

3509
02:43:31,030 --> 02:43:29,750
and people at home people know six of

3510
02:43:32,710 --> 02:43:31,040
you at home raise your hand if you think

3511
02:43:34,309 --> 02:43:32,720
you've got a drag device

3512
02:43:35,990 --> 02:43:34,319
racing if you think you got yours to

3513
02:43:38,309 --> 02:43:36,000
slow down a little bit as it fell

3514
02:43:39,670 --> 02:43:38,319
towards the floor

3515
02:43:41,510 --> 02:43:39,680
okay

3516
02:43:42,389 --> 02:43:41,520
got some ideas that seem to have worked

3517
02:43:45,269 --> 02:43:42,399
okay

3518
02:43:48,710 --> 02:43:45,279
uh let's go to the classrooms and wow

3519
02:43:51,190 --> 02:43:48,720
there's a complex design

3520
02:43:53,429 --> 02:43:51,200
with lots of balloons

3521
02:43:54,630 --> 02:43:53,439
and tissue paper tell me about that

3522
02:43:55,910 --> 02:43:54,640
design

3523
02:43:58,950 --> 02:43:55,920
did it work

3524
02:44:01,349 --> 02:43:58,960
yes does it work alex

3525
02:44:03,510 --> 02:44:01,359
he's asking me he's talking to you

3526
02:44:03,830 --> 02:44:03,520
we don't

3527
02:44:05,590 --> 02:44:03,840
alex know

3528
02:44:07,349 --> 02:44:05,600
haven't tested it yet

3529
02:44:08,469 --> 02:44:07,359
no no okay

3530
02:44:10,230 --> 02:44:08,479
while we're talking you guys can

3531
02:44:12,309 --> 02:44:10,240
continue to work on your designs while

3532
02:44:14,070 --> 02:44:12,319
we're looking at some of these here alex

3533
02:44:14,870 --> 02:44:14,080
is going to go test and we got somebody

3534
02:44:17,670 --> 02:44:14,880
uh

3535
02:44:19,830 --> 02:44:17,680
in that same classroom who has tested

3536
02:44:26,950 --> 02:44:19,840
yeah their design out

3537
02:44:26,960 --> 02:44:31,590
come on up come on map

3538
02:44:34,469 --> 02:44:32,710
all right

3539
02:44:36,070 --> 02:44:34,479
basically a lot of

3540
02:44:40,150 --> 02:44:36,080
plastic bags

3541
02:44:42,950 --> 02:44:40,160
plate and where's your car go at show us

3542
02:44:44,389 --> 02:44:42,960
your car go hold it up it's right here

3543
02:44:46,150 --> 02:44:44,399
oh it's right on the bottom of that all

3544
02:44:48,469 --> 02:44:46,160
right excellent that's very much like

3545
02:44:52,469 --> 02:44:48,479
persevere it's like right underneath the

3546
02:44:52,479 --> 02:44:57,830
jax

3547
02:44:57,840 --> 02:45:05,670
so we're going to see a drop here

3548
02:45:15,830 --> 02:45:06,950
looks like we're going to see a drop

3549
02:45:19,190 --> 02:45:17,510
that didn't work very well he's going

3550
02:45:20,469 --> 02:45:19,200
back to the drawing board

3551
02:45:22,469 --> 02:45:20,479
well everybody's going to go back to

3552
02:45:24,150 --> 02:45:22,479
drawing board i think but it worked

3553
02:45:26,550 --> 02:45:24,160
better than just dropping the cargo all

3554
02:45:29,269 --> 02:45:26,560
by itself didn't it

3555
02:45:31,590 --> 02:45:29,279
yeah i think so okay let's uh go to the

3556
02:45:33,429 --> 02:45:31,600
other classroom the ones with the yellow

3557
02:45:34,870 --> 02:45:33,439
chairs if we could switch over to that

3558
02:45:36,469 --> 02:45:34,880
classroom and somebody come up and share

3559
02:45:37,670 --> 02:45:36,479
their design out i've been intrigued

3560
02:45:38,790 --> 02:45:37,680
about this so i've been watching it

3561
02:45:40,469 --> 02:45:38,800
being built

3562
02:45:50,469 --> 02:45:40,479
so we can mute your mic and tell us

3563
02:45:50,479 --> 02:45:56,950
okay we're not hearing you

3564
02:46:01,190 --> 02:45:59,670
there go for it uh i built a gigantic

3565
02:46:02,710 --> 02:46:01,200
parachute

3566
02:46:04,230 --> 02:46:02,720
with a um central structure in the

3567
02:46:05,990 --> 02:46:04,240
middle to hold

3568
02:46:08,950 --> 02:46:06,000
the

3569
02:46:13,429 --> 02:46:10,550
excellent excellent and where's your

3570
02:46:15,510 --> 02:46:13,439
cargo at where's it located

3571
02:46:19,429 --> 02:46:15,520
in the center all right so that's a cool

3572
02:46:20,710 --> 02:46:19,439
device did that rotate as it dropped

3573
02:46:34,550 --> 02:46:20,720
okay what do you think you might need to

3574
02:46:39,910 --> 02:46:37,269
get it to spin okay

3575
02:46:41,750 --> 02:46:39,920
we spin our spacecraft uh perseverance

3576
02:46:43,830 --> 02:46:41,760
spacecraft spins

3577
02:46:46,309 --> 02:46:43,840
at about two revolutions a minute just

3578
02:46:47,750 --> 02:46:46,319
so it heats up evenly as it goes uh out

3579
02:46:50,389 --> 02:46:47,760
in space and the sun doesn't just heat

3580
02:46:52,469 --> 02:46:50,399
one side so maybe if you look at a fan

3581
02:46:54,230 --> 02:46:52,479
get some ideas from a fan about how the

3582
02:46:56,790 --> 02:46:54,240
blades on a fan are they flat or are

3583
02:46:58,950 --> 02:46:56,800
they tilted a little bit

3584
02:47:00,550 --> 02:46:58,960
give that some thought okay about blades

3585
02:47:01,910 --> 02:47:00,560
on a fan maybe that'll help you when you

3586
02:47:02,950 --> 02:47:01,920
redesign

3587
02:47:04,630 --> 02:47:02,960
uh

3588
02:47:08,710 --> 02:47:04,640
how it works anybody else in the in this

3589
02:47:08,720 --> 02:47:12,389
is anybody tested

3590
02:47:15,030 --> 02:47:13,429
if not

3591
02:47:16,710 --> 02:47:15,040
could somebody come up that they think

3592
02:47:18,309 --> 02:47:16,720
they have kind of a unique design would

3593
02:47:20,870 --> 02:47:18,319
you want to bring that up to the camera

3594
02:47:22,150 --> 02:47:20,880
so we could see some interesting designs

3595
02:47:23,429 --> 02:47:22,160
that have come out you've noticed so far

3596
02:47:24,950 --> 02:47:23,439
and i've noticed so far that not

3597
02:47:25,830 --> 02:47:24,960
everybody did exactly the same thing did

3598
02:47:27,670 --> 02:47:25,840
they

3599
02:47:30,630 --> 02:47:27,680
we've got a lot of variety in what

3600
02:47:32,950 --> 02:47:30,640
you've tried to do which is good

3601
02:47:35,670 --> 02:47:32,960
okay

3602
02:47:38,790 --> 02:47:35,680
so here comes somebody up here

3603
02:47:41,349 --> 02:47:40,230
and tell us what's unique about your

3604
02:47:44,389 --> 02:47:41,359
design

3605
02:47:45,750 --> 02:47:44,399
um i have a balloon and then two coffee

3606
02:47:46,830 --> 02:47:45,760
filters

3607
02:47:49,910 --> 02:47:46,840
yeah

3608
02:47:52,389 --> 02:47:49,920
uh it's really just held together by

3609
02:47:54,389 --> 02:47:52,399
tape and paper clips

3610
02:47:57,190 --> 02:47:54,399
okay and where's your car go where's

3611
02:47:59,590 --> 02:47:57,200
your car go uh it's right here right by

3612
02:48:01,750 --> 02:47:59,600
the balloon

3613
02:48:03,429 --> 02:48:01,760
right there okay so so tell us tell us

3614
02:48:04,630 --> 02:48:03,439
share with everybody why you chose those

3615
02:48:06,790 --> 02:48:04,640
materials what do you think they're

3616
02:48:08,150 --> 02:48:06,800
going to do for you

3617
02:48:10,630 --> 02:48:08,160
really i just thought that they'd create

3618
02:48:13,110 --> 02:48:10,640
a good drag

3619
02:48:14,550 --> 02:48:13,120
yeah why do you think that um because

3620
02:48:28,710 --> 02:48:14,560
they're

3621
02:48:28,720 --> 02:48:34,309
more

3622
02:48:37,750 --> 02:48:36,309
i see back there one with green and red

3623
02:48:42,630 --> 02:48:37,760
balloons you want to bring that one up

3624
02:48:42,640 --> 02:48:46,230
it looks

3625
02:48:46,240 --> 02:48:48,330
all

3626
02:48:48,340 --> 02:48:57,030
[Applause]

3627
02:48:57,040 --> 02:49:02,389
confidence right nothing maybe not

3628
02:49:05,830 --> 02:49:04,309
more

3629
02:49:07,349 --> 02:49:05,840
sound

3630
02:49:10,150 --> 02:49:07,359
oh yeah we've got a really great design

3631
02:49:12,950 --> 02:49:10,160
over here sam come on down

3632
02:49:14,710 --> 02:49:12,960
that's all right it's the first draft it

3633
02:49:16,309 --> 02:49:14,720
kind of looks like

3634
02:49:19,269 --> 02:49:16,319
i need

3635
02:49:20,389 --> 02:49:19,279
i have like a big crash pad

3636
02:49:22,790 --> 02:49:20,399
okay

3637
02:49:31,750 --> 02:49:22,800
i have like a big trash pad and i have

3638
02:49:35,349 --> 02:49:33,830
that's good that's good you know always

3639
02:49:37,110 --> 02:49:35,359
compared to how it dropped without

3640
02:49:38,389 --> 02:49:37,120
anything you know you just dropped it

3641
02:49:40,070 --> 02:49:38,399
straight up so you've caught a lot of

3642
02:49:43,190 --> 02:49:40,080
air got a lot of drag in that one that's

3643
02:49:47,349 --> 02:49:45,429
we do that to some extent

3644
02:49:48,950 --> 02:49:47,359
have collapsible parts

3645
02:49:50,790 --> 02:49:48,960
uh your car

3646
02:49:52,550 --> 02:49:50,800
you know to survive a crash has

3647
02:49:54,950 --> 02:49:52,560
collapsible parts on the front of your

3648
02:49:57,269 --> 02:49:54,960
cars at home

3649
02:49:59,190 --> 02:49:57,279
so we've got about 10 minutes left and

3650
02:50:03,670 --> 02:49:59,200
uh i wanted to make some comments so if

3651
02:50:08,950 --> 02:50:05,190
back at the control room and we could

3652
02:50:12,790 --> 02:50:10,790
how many of you would uh

3653
02:50:14,950 --> 02:50:12,800
could think of a way to improve your

3654
02:50:16,309 --> 02:50:14,960
design

3655
02:50:17,990 --> 02:50:16,319
raise your hand if you think of a way

3656
02:50:19,990 --> 02:50:18,000
maybe to improve your design something

3657
02:50:22,870 --> 02:50:20,000
you want to try differently than what

3658
02:50:24,630 --> 02:50:22,880
you have right now okay

3659
02:50:27,110 --> 02:50:24,640
um

3660
02:50:28,710 --> 02:50:27,120
as as engineers okay and doing this

3661
02:50:29,429 --> 02:50:28,720
design challenge i want to share with

3662
02:50:31,990 --> 02:50:29,439
you

3663
02:50:34,150 --> 02:50:32,000
uh our first three rovers that we put on

3664
02:50:35,670 --> 02:50:34,160
mars we put if we're successful today

3665
02:50:38,630 --> 02:50:35,680
that'll be five

3666
02:50:40,950 --> 02:50:38,640
the first three did not have a sky crane

3667
02:50:43,349 --> 02:50:40,960
and lowering them on cables

3668
02:50:44,870 --> 02:50:43,359
they actually landed inside a bunch of

3669
02:50:46,790 --> 02:50:44,880
balloons

3670
02:50:48,870 --> 02:50:46,800
so they came down with a heat shield

3671
02:50:50,630 --> 02:50:48,880
then they had a parachute and then they

3672
02:50:53,670 --> 02:50:50,640
dropped inside these balloons they're

3673
02:50:54,790 --> 02:50:53,680
about 17 inches in diameter and they

3674
02:50:56,230 --> 02:50:54,800
bounced

3675
02:50:57,510 --> 02:50:56,240
and that's how they got rid of the last

3676
02:50:59,349 --> 02:50:57,520
bit of energy

3677
02:51:01,670 --> 02:50:59,359
perseverance and curiosity before are

3678
02:51:04,790 --> 02:51:01,680
too heavy to land this way but uh

3679
02:51:06,309 --> 02:51:04,800
spirit and opportunity

3680
02:51:09,750 --> 02:51:06,319
and

3681
02:51:11,429 --> 02:51:09,760
in fact if you go to the great lakes

3682
02:51:13,590 --> 02:51:11,439
science center

3683
02:51:15,510 --> 02:51:13,600
they have some of nasa's balloons that

3684
02:51:17,269 --> 02:51:15,520
we use successfully to land those rovers

3685
02:51:20,230 --> 02:51:17,279
so you've got an idea most of you have

3686
02:51:23,349 --> 02:51:20,240
an idea that nasa tried as well

3687
02:51:25,349 --> 02:51:23,359
and worked for some payloads

3688
02:51:27,429 --> 02:51:25,359
if we could come back there to everybody

3689
02:51:29,910 --> 02:51:27,439
okay and we could see some more testing

3690
02:51:31,269 --> 02:51:29,920
going on

3691
02:51:32,710 --> 02:51:31,279
some of the things that you may have

3692
02:51:34,950 --> 02:51:32,720
found uh

3693
02:51:37,429 --> 02:51:34,960
are if you use what if you use 30

3694
02:51:38,550 --> 02:51:37,439
balloons

3695
02:51:44,230 --> 02:51:38,560
what do you think what happened if you

3696
02:51:49,590 --> 02:51:46,070
is that that's to be a more complicated

3697
02:51:53,510 --> 02:51:52,070
and it might be kind of heavy

3698
02:51:56,070 --> 02:51:53,520
remember we got to launch this off the

3699
02:51:58,230 --> 02:51:56,080
earth and get it all the way to mars

3700
02:52:01,190 --> 02:51:58,240
so uh that's one things engineers will

3701
02:52:02,309 --> 02:52:01,200
think about okay it's about how heavy it

3702
02:52:05,830 --> 02:52:02,319
might be

3703
02:52:07,830 --> 02:52:05,840
somebody came up saying oh that was a

3704
02:52:10,230 --> 02:52:07,840
good drop i just saw that one go off the

3705
02:52:12,790 --> 02:52:10,240
ladder

3706
02:52:15,349 --> 02:52:12,800
how complex it is to deploy

3707
02:52:17,349 --> 02:52:15,359
the more complicated it is

3708
02:52:20,150 --> 02:52:17,359
the less chance of success you might

3709
02:52:21,910 --> 02:52:20,160
have something go wrong simpler designs

3710
02:52:24,230 --> 02:52:21,920
work better a lot of the times some of

3711
02:52:27,590 --> 02:52:24,240
you had some very good ideas with coffee

3712
02:52:30,790 --> 02:52:27,600
filters with plastic bags grocery bags

3713
02:52:34,790 --> 02:52:30,800
work well because they trap air

3714
02:52:38,469 --> 02:52:36,710
so we've done uh we've done one other

3715
02:52:40,630 --> 02:52:38,479
thing that i wanted to compliment

3716
02:52:43,349 --> 02:52:40,640
everybody on as i watched you know maybe

3717
02:52:45,910 --> 02:52:43,359
tried this at home a lot of people tried

3718
02:52:47,910 --> 02:52:45,920
their designs at their desk they didn't

3719
02:52:49,349 --> 02:52:47,920
go up to the ladder

3720
02:52:50,790 --> 02:52:49,359
so how many of you tried just dropping

3721
02:52:52,630 --> 02:52:50,800
where you were sitting let me see how

3722
02:52:54,469 --> 02:52:52,640
many you actually did try that

3723
02:52:56,630 --> 02:52:54,479
just to see how it's going to work see

3724
02:52:59,030 --> 02:52:56,640
lots of hands guys i watched you do it

3725
02:53:00,790 --> 02:52:59,040
and that's kind of cool because that's

3726
02:53:03,910 --> 02:53:00,800
sort of what nasa does in our wind

3727
02:53:05,910 --> 02:53:03,920
tunnel before we you know do a big huge

3728
02:53:06,870 --> 02:53:05,920
one let's let's try it and see if it's

3729
02:53:08,469 --> 02:53:06,880
going to work

3730
02:53:09,990 --> 02:53:08,479
give us a little idea of whether it's

3731
02:53:12,550 --> 02:53:10,000
going to be successful or not before we

3732
02:53:13,510 --> 02:53:12,560
climb the ladder okay and drop it from

3733
02:53:16,309 --> 02:53:13,520
there

3734
02:53:18,710 --> 02:53:16,319
and that's a good engineering practice

3735
02:53:20,150 --> 02:53:18,720
okay does anybody have some questions

3736
02:53:21,750 --> 02:53:20,160
that they would want to ask before we

3737
02:53:25,510 --> 02:53:21,760
end our session dave we have about seven

3738
02:53:28,950 --> 02:53:27,429
let's see if we have anybody wants to

3739
02:53:30,150 --> 02:53:28,960
come up to the mic or unmute their mic

3740
02:53:32,550 --> 02:53:30,160
raise your hand if you'd like to unmute

3741
02:53:57,670 --> 02:53:32,560
your mic and ask a question

3742
02:53:57,680 --> 02:54:11,990
everybody's continuing to work

3743
02:54:17,110 --> 02:54:15,030
here goes a drop from the ladder

3744
02:54:18,790 --> 02:54:17,120
we've got a question here

3745
02:54:20,309 --> 02:54:18,800
sure

3746
02:54:22,309 --> 02:54:20,319
do you think other life forms could

3747
02:54:23,830 --> 02:54:22,319
exist

3748
02:54:26,630 --> 02:54:23,840
that's one of the big things that

3749
02:54:29,349 --> 02:54:26,640
perseverance is going to look at

3750
02:54:31,830 --> 02:54:29,359
and the the interesting answer is that

3751
02:54:32,950 --> 02:54:31,840
for life forms to exist as we know them

3752
02:54:34,389 --> 02:54:32,960
okay

3753
02:54:35,349 --> 02:54:34,399
they need

3754
02:54:37,349 --> 02:54:35,359
water

3755
02:54:38,469 --> 02:54:37,359
that's the primary thing

3756
02:54:41,670 --> 02:54:38,479
okay

3757
02:54:43,830 --> 02:54:41,680
is is water not everything uh on the

3758
02:54:45,750 --> 02:54:43,840
earth uses oxygen

3759
02:54:47,269 --> 02:54:45,760
there are extremophiles that live by

3760
02:54:50,150 --> 02:54:47,279
volcanic vents in the bottom of the

3761
02:54:52,389 --> 02:54:50,160
ocean that metabolize based on sulfur

3762
02:54:54,950 --> 02:54:52,399
and not oxygen but things have to have

3763
02:54:56,790 --> 02:54:54,960
water so we know there was water on mars

3764
02:54:57,510 --> 02:54:56,800
we see the evidence of it

3765
02:54:59,429 --> 02:54:57,520
and

3766
02:55:01,110 --> 02:54:59,439
so perseverance is going to look more

3767
02:55:04,150 --> 02:55:01,120
deep with that we've got new instruments

3768
02:55:05,510 --> 02:55:04,160
on there to try and give us an idea

3769
02:55:07,510 --> 02:55:05,520
of what

3770
02:55:11,670 --> 02:55:07,520
conditions were and then we might say

3771
02:55:14,550 --> 02:55:11,680
something about life uh on mars today

3772
02:55:17,590 --> 02:55:14,560
uh it'd be happy some tough organism you

3773
02:55:19,510 --> 02:55:17,600
know to survive on mars today

3774
02:55:23,349 --> 02:55:19,520
mars gets a lot of radiation

3775
02:55:26,070 --> 02:55:23,359
mars gets uh a lot of uh solar wind hits

3776
02:55:28,070 --> 02:55:26,080
it and mars gets some very extreme

3777
02:55:29,590 --> 02:55:28,080
temperatures some super cold

3778
02:55:33,269 --> 02:55:29,600
temperatures our coldest temperature

3779
02:55:34,950 --> 02:55:33,279
ever on earth is about minus 126 degrees

3780
02:55:38,630 --> 02:55:34,960
and on mars you get you get down to

3781
02:55:41,510 --> 02:55:38,640
minus 240 degrees 250 260 degrees some

3782
02:55:44,150 --> 02:55:41,520
very super cold temperatures

3783
02:55:46,309 --> 02:55:44,160
although you might have a warm day uh

3784
02:55:47,830 --> 02:55:46,319
and it might be up to 50 degrees but

3785
02:55:49,030 --> 02:55:47,840
that's only going to be as john darn

3786
02:55:50,710 --> 02:55:49,040
said much earlier that's only going to

3787
02:55:52,389 --> 02:55:50,720
be right near the surface

3788
02:55:53,990 --> 02:55:52,399
so your feet might be warm but your head

3789
02:55:55,910 --> 02:55:54,000
is going to be pretty cold

3790
02:55:57,429 --> 02:55:55,920
because that thin atmosphere again

3791
02:56:00,550 --> 02:55:57,439
another question got a hand up here from

3792
02:56:04,230 --> 02:56:02,469
um i don't know if you've already asked

3793
02:56:06,309 --> 02:56:04,240
this but do you know when the rover will

3794
02:56:08,550 --> 02:56:06,319
be launched

3795
02:56:10,070 --> 02:56:08,560
when it's gonna land

3796
02:56:12,870 --> 02:56:10,080
uh yes

3797
02:56:16,710 --> 02:56:12,880
yeah it's gonna land at about 3 20 i

3798
02:56:18,150 --> 02:56:16,720
think so um you want to join the feed uh

3799
02:56:19,349 --> 02:56:18,160
and there's lots of places you can look

3800
02:56:20,870 --> 02:56:19,359
at you stay with the great lakes science

3801
02:56:21,990 --> 02:56:20,880
center john dar is going to talk us

3802
02:56:25,510 --> 02:56:22,000
through that

3803
02:56:28,870 --> 02:56:25,520
you can join nasa on nasa tv

3804
02:56:30,309 --> 02:56:28,880
and uh be there for it but you won't

3805
02:56:32,630 --> 02:56:30,319
know

3806
02:56:34,950 --> 02:56:32,640
if it's when it lands when it lands

3807
02:56:37,750 --> 02:56:34,960
you'll know about 12 minutes later it's

3808
02:56:39,429 --> 02:56:37,760
like if i told you guys to take your

3809
02:56:41,110 --> 02:56:39,439
experiment and climb up on the ladder

3810
02:56:42,150 --> 02:56:41,120
and close your eyes

3811
02:56:43,750 --> 02:56:42,160
okay

3812
02:56:45,590 --> 02:56:43,760
and drop it

3813
02:56:47,110 --> 02:56:45,600
and then 12 minutes later we told you

3814
02:56:48,469 --> 02:56:47,120
whether it was successful or not you

3815
02:56:50,309 --> 02:56:48,479
just had to stay there on top of the

3816
02:56:51,750 --> 02:56:50,319
ladder with your eyes closed for 12

3817
02:56:53,110 --> 02:56:51,760
minutes

3818
02:56:53,910 --> 02:56:53,120
and that's what's going to happen with

3819
02:56:55,110 --> 02:56:53,920
uh

3820
02:56:57,910 --> 02:56:55,120
with

3821
02:57:01,030 --> 02:56:57,920
our landing today okay we won't know

3822
02:57:02,870 --> 02:57:01,040
because mars is so far away uh even at

3823
02:57:05,269 --> 02:57:02,880
the speed of light which is how fast

3824
02:57:06,790 --> 02:57:05,279
signals go it's going to take it 12

3825
02:57:09,750 --> 02:57:06,800
minutes before we get it back to the

3826
02:57:11,750 --> 02:57:09,760
earth so we know what happened

3827
02:57:15,590 --> 02:57:11,760
okay

3828
02:57:18,950 --> 02:57:17,110
so it's still outside the atmosphere

3829
02:57:23,590 --> 02:57:18,960
right now it's close to mars but it

3830
02:57:23,600 --> 02:57:27,990
got a little over an hour to go

3831
02:57:28,000 --> 02:57:32,070
any more questions

3832
02:57:34,830 --> 02:57:34,070
well i see you continuing to work which

3833
02:57:37,590 --> 02:57:34,840
is

3834
02:57:40,710 --> 02:57:37,600
great okay

3835
02:57:43,269 --> 02:57:40,720
and feel free to do that

3836
02:57:44,790 --> 02:57:43,279
engineers always try to improve things

3837
02:57:47,670 --> 02:57:44,800
i see some of you looked at other

3838
02:57:49,590 --> 02:57:47,680
people's ideas and that's good

3839
02:57:50,630 --> 02:57:49,600
one of the things that doesn't happen at

3840
02:57:52,070 --> 02:57:50,640
nasa

3841
02:57:54,630 --> 02:57:52,080
is that people generally don't work

3842
02:57:56,230 --> 02:57:54,640
alone okay they work in groups

3843
02:57:57,990 --> 02:57:56,240
so you guys who are at home had a

3844
02:57:59,030 --> 02:57:58,000
disadvantage today

3845
02:58:02,070 --> 02:57:59,040
okay

3846
02:58:03,670 --> 02:58:02,080
uh you were kind of on your own and uh

3847
02:58:06,469 --> 02:58:03,680
you couldn't see what other people were

3848
02:58:08,469 --> 02:58:06,479
doing or exchange ideas but like i said

3849
02:58:10,710 --> 02:58:08,479
like we say now at nasa people work in

3850
02:58:12,550 --> 02:58:10,720
groups and exchange ideas all the time

3851
02:58:15,110 --> 02:58:12,560
uh you can see how some people thought

3852
02:58:16,870 --> 02:58:15,120
of different things today uh to make

3853
02:58:20,070 --> 02:58:16,880
things work well listen we're gonna have

3854
02:58:23,269 --> 02:58:20,080
to uh to go out so if uh you wanna share

3855
02:58:25,910 --> 02:58:23,279
my screen again back at mission control

3856
02:58:27,269 --> 02:58:25,920
if you people uh you you guys have been

3857
02:58:29,349 --> 02:58:27,279
at home today

3858
02:58:30,790 --> 02:58:29,359
uh we have uh

3859
02:58:32,469 --> 02:58:30,800
uh would like you to share take a

3860
02:58:34,790 --> 02:58:32,479
picture what you did and share it out so

3861
02:58:36,230 --> 02:58:34,800
we can see it

3862
02:58:39,429 --> 02:58:36,240
on twitter

3863
02:58:41,750 --> 02:58:39,439
gl science center on facebook

3864
02:58:44,469 --> 02:58:41,760
at great lakes science center or on

3865
02:58:46,870 --> 02:58:44,479
instagram at great lakes science center

3866
02:58:48,070 --> 02:58:46,880
and don't forget our hashtag countdown

3867
02:58:51,030 --> 02:58:48,080
to mars

3868
02:58:53,030 --> 02:58:51,040
so we would like to uh to have you sip

3869
02:58:55,429 --> 02:58:53,040
those out and we'll repost them

3870
02:58:57,590 --> 02:58:55,439
we'll share your ideas with uh with

3871
02:59:00,389 --> 02:58:57,600
other people and show what a great job

3872
02:59:02,950 --> 02:59:00,399
you did today at making a drag device

3873
02:59:04,230 --> 02:59:02,960
and you can continue to work on that uh

3874
02:59:06,070 --> 02:59:04,240
also

3875
02:59:07,910 --> 02:59:06,080
we would uh

3876
02:59:09,990 --> 02:59:07,920
like you have to try some more nasa

3877
02:59:12,469 --> 02:59:10,000
activities and if you have your uh

3878
02:59:15,670 --> 02:59:12,479
smartphone hold it up to the screen

3879
02:59:18,070 --> 02:59:15,680
take a picture of our hash of our qr

3880
02:59:20,389 --> 02:59:18,080
code today and you can learn more about

3881
02:59:22,790 --> 02:59:20,399
some nasa glenn educational

3882
02:59:24,950 --> 02:59:22,800
opportunities that you can do to learn

3883
02:59:26,550 --> 02:59:24,960
more about uh space

3884
02:59:28,150 --> 02:59:26,560
and about the kinds of things that nasa

3885
02:59:30,710 --> 02:59:28,160
does well thank you so much guys for

3886
02:59:33,750 --> 02:59:30,720
joining with us today it's been great i

3887
02:59:35,670 --> 02:59:33,760
love the creativity i loved how you had

3888
02:59:36,870 --> 02:59:35,680
so many neat ideas

3889
02:59:37,910 --> 02:59:36,880
and uh

3890
02:59:39,269 --> 02:59:37,920
remember when i told you at the

3891
02:59:41,349 --> 02:59:39,279
beginning okay

3892
02:59:43,830 --> 02:59:41,359
that we know that the first martian

3893
02:59:45,910 --> 02:59:43,840
maybe today in the sixth grade fifth

3894
02:59:47,670 --> 02:59:45,920
grade fourth grade seventh grade

3895
02:59:49,349 --> 02:59:47,680
somewhere in there i'm too old to ever

3896
02:59:50,870 --> 02:59:49,359
go to mars but you guys could be the

3897
02:59:51,990 --> 02:59:50,880
very first martians and that would be

3898
02:59:54,389 --> 02:59:52,000
really cool

3899
02:59:55,910 --> 02:59:54,399
so i'm gonna sign off i'm roger storm at

3900
02:59:58,150 --> 02:59:55,920
nasa glenn and thanks for joining with

3901
02:59:59,990 --> 02:59:58,160
us today with nasa glenn on the great

3902
03:00:02,309 --> 03:00:00,000
lakes science center and don't forget to

3903
03:00:03,590 --> 03:00:02,319
tune in okay john dar is going to come

3904
03:00:05,910 --> 03:00:03,600
back and give you some more information

3905
03:00:08,550 --> 03:00:05,920
about that i'm sure but don't forget to

3906
03:00:10,469 --> 03:00:08,560
tune in and watch what happens

3907
03:00:11,750 --> 03:00:10,479
when we finally get to

3908
03:00:13,990 --> 03:00:11,760
wow

3909
03:00:15,510 --> 03:00:14,000
a little over an hour from now

3910
03:00:21,590 --> 03:00:15,520
landing on mars

3911
03:00:26,790 --> 03:00:23,910
roger storm one of the coolest guys that

3912
03:00:28,469 --> 03:00:26,800
i know coming up with a great hands-on

3913
03:00:30,309 --> 03:00:28,479
activity that you can do at home i hope

3914
03:00:32,710 --> 03:00:30,319
that you've had a great time

3915
03:00:34,950 --> 03:00:32,720
doing that experiment and we can't wait

3916
03:00:37,750 --> 03:00:34,960
to see some of your solutions to this

3917
03:00:39,750 --> 03:00:37,760
nasa engineering design challenge thanks

3918
03:00:42,389 --> 03:00:39,760
roger and thanks to all of you for doing

3919
03:00:44,550 --> 03:00:42,399
such a great job so impressed with what

3920
03:00:46,309 --> 03:00:44,560
we've seen so far and i know that many

3921
03:00:49,269 --> 03:00:46,319
of you are continuing to work on those

3922
03:00:51,910 --> 03:00:49,279
projects and uh i can't wait to see how

3923
03:00:53,590 --> 03:00:51,920
you modify your design and make it even

3924
03:00:56,309 --> 03:00:53,600
better that's one of the things that uh

3925
03:00:59,110 --> 03:00:56,319
that engineers just like you do every

3926
03:01:01,590 --> 03:00:59,120
day they they come up with an idea they

3927
03:01:03,830 --> 03:01:01,600
test it out they try to improve it they

3928
03:01:06,790 --> 03:01:03,840
see if they can make it better they test

3929
03:01:09,030 --> 03:01:06,800
it again and then they make even further

3930
03:01:11,110 --> 03:01:09,040
improvements so

3931
03:01:13,190 --> 03:01:11,120
make sure that you take those before and

3932
03:01:15,110 --> 03:01:13,200
after pictures so we can see your

3933
03:01:18,150 --> 03:01:15,120
initial design and see how you've made

3934
03:01:19,910 --> 03:01:18,160
your design better so very very cool uh

3935
03:01:21,750 --> 03:01:19,920
roger was talking a few minutes ago

3936
03:01:24,309 --> 03:01:21,760
about uh about the live coverage coming

3937
03:01:26,950 --> 03:01:24,319
from nasa i'm obliged to share that

3938
03:01:27,990 --> 03:01:26,960
email i'm sorry that uh that uh web

3939
03:01:31,750 --> 03:01:28,000
address with you that will be

3940
03:01:35,750 --> 03:01:34,790
nasa live and you'll be able to follow

3941
03:01:37,349 --> 03:01:35,760
along

3942
03:01:39,990 --> 03:01:37,359
we'll also be carrying that coverage

3943
03:01:41,830 --> 03:01:40,000
live here as well so for those of you

3944
03:01:43,830 --> 03:01:41,840
that want to slip away you're welcome to

3945
03:01:45,590 --> 03:01:43,840
do that but for the rest of you it'll be

3946
03:01:48,150 --> 03:01:45,600
sticking with us we'll continue to

3947
03:01:49,590 --> 03:01:48,160
monitor what happens on that channel and

3948
03:01:52,630 --> 03:01:49,600
we will bring you

3949
03:01:55,349 --> 03:01:52,640
that video uh for when anytime anything

3950
03:01:57,510 --> 03:01:55,359
uh anytime anything significant comes up

3951
03:01:59,990 --> 03:01:57,520
so it's gonna be a great day we've still

3952
03:02:01,830 --> 03:02:00,000
got plenty of time about an hour or so

3953
03:02:03,429 --> 03:02:01,840
before the scheduled touchdown of the

3954
03:02:06,070 --> 03:02:03,439
rover and remember earth and mars are

3955
03:02:08,309 --> 03:02:06,080
about 300 million miles apart it'll take

3956
03:02:10,950 --> 03:02:08,319
about 14 minutes

3957
03:02:13,349 --> 03:02:10,960
for that signal to get from the uh from

3958
03:02:15,750 --> 03:02:13,359
the lander on the surface of mars all

3959
03:02:17,510 --> 03:02:15,760
the way back here to folks on earth

3960
03:02:19,590 --> 03:02:17,520
remember those radio waves are traveling

3961
03:02:23,429 --> 03:02:19,600
at the speed of light so that really

3962
03:02:26,790 --> 03:02:23,439
gives you an idea of just how far away

3963
03:02:28,469 --> 03:02:26,800
uh mars is from the earth right now so

3964
03:02:30,950 --> 03:02:28,479
we'll have word a little bit later on

3965
03:02:33,429 --> 03:02:30,960
today and i am so excited i know that

3966
03:02:35,429 --> 03:02:33,439
you are too we've seen all your

3967
03:02:37,110 --> 03:02:35,439
responses in the chat we know that you

3968
03:02:40,309 --> 03:02:37,120
guys are with us and looking forward to

3969
03:02:45,269 --> 03:02:42,469
so again thanks to roger for that uh

3970
03:02:47,990 --> 03:02:45,279
that great hands-on activity we're so

3971
03:02:49,990 --> 03:02:48,000
excited about that and being able to

3972
03:02:51,830 --> 03:02:50,000
share that and bring that to all of you

3973
03:02:53,910 --> 03:02:51,840
on behalf of the nasa glenn research

3974
03:02:55,750 --> 03:02:53,920
center and those of us here at the great

3975
03:02:57,110 --> 03:02:55,760
lakes science center you know landing on

3976
03:02:59,990 --> 03:02:57,120
mars is hard

3977
03:03:03,510 --> 03:03:00,000
only about 40 percent of the missions

3978
03:03:07,590 --> 03:03:03,520
ever sent to mars by any space agency

3979
03:03:09,990 --> 03:03:07,600
have been successful there are a hundred

3980
03:03:11,349 --> 03:03:10,000
i stand corrected there are hundreds of

3981
03:03:14,070 --> 03:03:11,359
things

3982
03:03:17,349 --> 03:03:14,080
that have to go just right in order to

3983
03:03:19,670 --> 03:03:17,359
successfully land on mars and

3984
03:03:21,590 --> 03:03:19,680
perseverance has got to get through all

3985
03:03:23,190 --> 03:03:21,600
of them all it takes is one thing to go

3986
03:03:25,910 --> 03:03:23,200
wrong and that could scrub the whole

3987
03:03:28,150 --> 03:03:25,920
mission so we've got our fingers crossed

3988
03:03:46,710 --> 03:03:28,160
we're biting our nails we're waiting

3989
03:03:46,720 --> 03:03:50,230
stay with those of you out there

3990
03:03:57,429 --> 03:03:51,670
and it looks like we've got some folks

3991
03:04:03,830 --> 03:04:00,150
again we are broadcasting live from the

3992
03:04:16,309 --> 03:04:05,830
as we await word on the perseverance

3993
03:04:20,389 --> 03:04:18,230
a little bit later on today we'll have a

3994
03:04:23,510 --> 03:04:20,399
lead scientist ken farley

3995
03:04:25,910 --> 03:04:23,520
join us to narrate an animated flyover

3996
03:04:27,750 --> 03:04:25,920
of the martian surface explaining why

3997
03:04:30,230 --> 03:04:27,760
jezreel crater

3998
03:04:32,710 --> 03:04:30,240
is the ideal place for us to land he can

3999
03:04:34,790 --> 03:04:32,720
do a much better job at it than i can

4000
03:04:36,230 --> 03:04:34,800
looking forward to that

4001
03:04:38,630 --> 03:04:36,240
and then uh

4002
03:04:41,190 --> 03:04:38,640
shortly before the scheduled landing

4003
03:04:43,269 --> 03:04:41,200
time we'll hear from uh from three of

4004
03:04:45,429 --> 03:04:43,279
the engineers and scientists who are

4005
03:04:47,510 --> 03:04:45,439
involved with the landing system for

4006
03:04:49,510 --> 03:04:47,520
this vehicle and they'll explain step by

4007
03:04:52,550 --> 03:04:49,520
step what's going to happen with regards

4008
03:04:54,950 --> 03:04:52,560
to the rover during the entry descent

4009
03:04:56,230 --> 03:04:54,960
and landing on the surface of mars you

4010
03:04:58,550 --> 03:04:56,240
don't want to miss that that'll be

4011
03:05:00,230 --> 03:04:58,560
coming up here in just a few minutes and

4012
03:05:02,309 --> 03:05:00,240
of course we'll be here to answer some

4013
03:05:04,150 --> 03:05:02,319
of your questions any of the questions

4014
03:05:06,150 --> 03:05:04,160
that you have that come in uh we're

4015
03:05:09,030 --> 03:05:06,160
anxious to do that you can contact us

4016
03:05:14,790 --> 03:05:09,040
via our social media or right here on

4017
03:05:26,870 --> 03:05:17,590
perseverance is gonna touch down on mars

4018
03:05:29,910 --> 03:05:28,150
so for those of you that are just

4019
03:05:32,230 --> 03:05:29,920
joining us reminding you about the key

4020
03:05:34,790 --> 03:05:32,240
objectives for this mission uh we're

4021
03:05:38,070 --> 03:05:34,800
going to explore an amazing landing site

4022
03:05:41,110 --> 03:05:38,080
that is geologically uh diverse

4023
03:05:43,429 --> 03:05:41,120
uh we'll assess whether or not

4024
03:05:45,830 --> 03:05:43,439
ancient mars was habitable

4025
03:05:48,230 --> 03:05:45,840
uh we'll seek for signs of that ancient

4026
03:05:49,269 --> 03:05:48,240
life using this robot

4027
03:05:55,269 --> 03:05:49,279
and

4028
03:05:57,429 --> 03:05:55,279
for a possible return to earth by a

4029
03:05:59,510 --> 03:05:57,439
future mission and will demonstrate some

4030
03:06:01,910 --> 03:05:59,520
amazing technology

4031
03:06:04,309 --> 03:06:01,920
that is uh being test flown on this

4032
03:06:06,150 --> 03:06:04,319
spacecraft and if it goes well some of

4033
03:06:08,469 --> 03:06:06,160
this technology will end up on

4034
03:06:10,469 --> 03:06:08,479
crew-rated craft that will be carrying

4035
03:06:13,750 --> 03:06:10,479
the first astronauts to the surface of

4036
03:06:15,830 --> 03:06:13,760
mars in the future

4037
03:06:19,110 --> 03:06:15,840
again the vehicles launched last july

4038
03:06:21,990 --> 03:06:19,120
july 30th that took off from the uh

4039
03:06:24,630 --> 03:06:22,000
from cape canaveral air force station

4040
03:06:26,309 --> 03:06:24,640
located there in florida and it was

4041
03:06:28,389 --> 03:06:26,319
launched towards mars it's been in a

4042
03:06:30,150 --> 03:06:28,399
crew space since then it hasn't entered

4043
03:06:33,030 --> 03:06:30,160
the atmosphere so it's still cruising

4044
03:06:35,510 --> 03:06:33,040
towards mars very shortly though

4045
03:06:38,389 --> 03:06:35,520
it will uh it will begin the sequence of

4046
03:06:40,230 --> 03:06:38,399
events that are necessary for it to land

4047
03:06:42,630 --> 03:06:40,240
that will include uh

4048
03:06:44,070 --> 03:06:42,640
shedding the the cruise phase for the

4049
03:06:45,190 --> 03:06:44,080
mission the uh

4050
03:06:49,110 --> 03:06:45,200
and then

4051
03:06:51,590 --> 03:06:49,120
using its heat shield that barrel

4052
03:06:54,230 --> 03:06:51,600
breaking shield to help slow it down for

4053
03:06:56,950 --> 03:06:54,240
a possible landing on the surface again

4054
03:06:59,349 --> 03:06:56,960
our landing site is jezreel crater

4055
03:07:01,590 --> 03:06:59,359
a very interesting place very diverse

4056
03:07:03,990 --> 03:07:01,600
place it was a place that was selected

4057
03:07:05,190 --> 03:07:04,000
out of uh several sites several

4058
03:07:07,590 --> 03:07:05,200
finalists

4059
03:07:09,349 --> 03:07:07,600
across the surface of mars

4060
03:07:12,230 --> 03:07:09,359
we think that this is a location that

4061
03:07:14,630 --> 03:07:12,240
will be perfect for us to land on uh and

4062
03:07:17,269 --> 03:07:14,640
to gather samples that will one day be

4063
03:07:18,950 --> 03:07:17,279
returned to earth so we're excited about

4064
03:07:21,349 --> 03:07:18,960
that

4065
03:07:23,590 --> 03:07:21,359
and of course the the robot is designed

4066
03:07:25,190 --> 03:07:23,600
to operate for two years they're on the

4067
03:07:27,429 --> 03:07:25,200
surface of mars

4068
03:07:28,550 --> 03:07:27,439
that's two earth years again that will

4069
03:07:31,510 --> 03:07:28,560
be one

4070
03:07:33,670 --> 03:07:31,520
martian year again it takes mars twice

4071
03:07:42,309 --> 03:07:33,680
as long to orbit the sun

4072
03:07:46,469 --> 03:07:44,550
seven scientific instruments that are

4073
03:07:49,670 --> 03:07:46,479
that are part of the payload

4074
03:07:52,309 --> 03:07:49,680
uh for the uh for the rover

4075
03:07:54,710 --> 03:07:52,319
from uh rimfax the radar imager from

4076
03:07:57,110 --> 03:07:54,720
mars subsurface experiment that was a

4077
03:07:59,590 --> 03:07:57,120
ground penetrating radar that we talked

4078
03:08:01,429 --> 03:07:59,600
about a short while ago it will actually

4079
03:08:03,750 --> 03:08:01,439
be able to give us a look at what's

4080
03:08:06,550 --> 03:08:03,760
underneath the surface of mars right

4081
03:08:08,230 --> 03:08:06,560
down to a millimeter level and that's

4082
03:08:10,389 --> 03:08:08,240
going to be very exciting for us to

4083
03:08:14,150 --> 03:08:10,399
learn about the sub structure

4084
03:08:18,469 --> 03:08:16,550
mars also has a i'm sorry the rover also

4085
03:08:20,309 --> 03:08:18,479
has a has a

4086
03:08:22,710 --> 03:08:20,319
fantastic weather station that it's

4087
03:08:24,389 --> 03:08:22,720
carrying a board with it a set of unique

4088
03:08:27,269 --> 03:08:24,399
sensors that will provide measurements

4089
03:08:29,349 --> 03:08:27,279
of temperature wind speed and direction

4090
03:08:30,870 --> 03:08:29,359
uh atmospheric pressure relative

4091
03:08:33,030 --> 03:08:30,880
humidity

4092
03:08:36,070 --> 03:08:33,040
it'll even let us know about the dust

4093
03:08:38,070 --> 03:08:36,080
particles size and shape and that will

4094
03:08:40,710 --> 03:08:38,080
be very exciting too that's the mars

4095
03:08:45,670 --> 03:08:40,720
environmental dynamics analyzer

4096
03:08:50,950 --> 03:08:48,710
another scientific instrument is moxie

4097
03:08:55,190 --> 03:08:50,960
that's the mars oxygen incentive

4098
03:08:57,910 --> 03:08:55,200
resource utilization experiment

4099
03:09:00,469 --> 03:08:57,920
this uh technology will be demonstrated

4100
03:09:02,630 --> 03:09:00,479
that will produce oxygen from the

4101
03:09:04,389 --> 03:09:02,640
martian atmosphere

4102
03:09:06,389 --> 03:09:04,399
again that's going to be very exciting

4103
03:09:08,070 --> 03:09:06,399
as we prepare to send a human cruise to

4104
03:09:10,309 --> 03:09:08,080
mars one day

4105
03:09:12,230 --> 03:09:10,319
if this system works well a larger

4106
03:09:15,269 --> 03:09:12,240
system will be employed that will

4107
03:09:18,630 --> 03:09:15,279
actually allow us to generate oxygen for

4108
03:09:19,990 --> 03:09:18,640
those future crews on mars

4109
03:09:20,950 --> 03:09:20,000
sherlock is another one of the great

4110
03:09:22,710 --> 03:09:20,960
tools

4111
03:09:24,950 --> 03:09:22,720
that is on board one of the great

4112
03:09:27,990 --> 03:09:24,960
scientific instruments

4113
03:09:31,269 --> 03:09:28,000
it'll be using a fine scaled imaging

4114
03:09:33,830 --> 03:09:31,279
ultraviolet laser to map mineralogy and

4115
03:09:34,870 --> 03:09:33,840
organic compounds sherlock will be the

4116
03:09:38,469 --> 03:09:34,880
first

4117
03:09:41,590 --> 03:09:38,479
uv spectrometer to fly to the surface of

4118
03:09:42,950 --> 03:09:41,600
mars and it will provide complementary

4119
03:09:45,590 --> 03:09:42,960
measurements to some of the other

4120
03:09:46,630 --> 03:09:45,600
instruments that are included with this

4121
03:09:49,830 --> 03:09:46,640
payload

4122
03:09:52,790 --> 03:09:49,840
again that's sherlock

4123
03:09:55,349 --> 03:09:52,800
pixel is another uh is another

4124
03:09:57,429 --> 03:09:55,359
instrument on board that's a planetary

4125
03:10:00,309 --> 03:09:57,439
instrument for x-ray

4126
03:10:02,389 --> 03:10:00,319
lithochemistry

4127
03:10:05,349 --> 03:10:02,399
it carries an x-ray fluorescence

4128
03:10:07,670 --> 03:10:05,359
spectrometer and high resolution imager

4129
03:10:10,230 --> 03:10:07,680
that will be used to map the fine scale

4130
03:10:12,230 --> 03:10:10,240
element composition on the martian

4131
03:10:14,790 --> 03:10:12,240
surface pixel will provide capabilities

4132
03:10:17,910 --> 03:10:14,800
that will permit more detailed detection

4133
03:10:19,830 --> 03:10:17,920
and analysis of the chemical elements

4134
03:10:23,349 --> 03:10:19,840
much more than ever before that's an

4135
03:10:25,590 --> 03:10:23,359
exciting piece of equipment on board

4136
03:10:27,190 --> 03:10:25,600
super cam that's the instrument that we

4137
03:10:28,150 --> 03:10:27,200
talked about a little while ago that can

4138
03:10:30,950 --> 03:10:28,160
provide

4139
03:10:33,830 --> 03:10:30,960
uh imaging and uh chemical composition

4140
03:10:35,030 --> 03:10:33,840
analysis as well as mineralogy at a

4141
03:10:37,590 --> 03:10:35,040
distance

4142
03:10:39,830 --> 03:10:37,600
and that will be uh that will be

4143
03:10:43,110 --> 03:10:39,840
something that will be extraordinary as

4144
03:10:46,309 --> 03:10:43,120
well and we've talked about mastercam

4145
03:10:49,429 --> 03:10:46,319
the mass cam z is an advanced camera

4146
03:10:52,710 --> 03:10:49,439
system with pano with panoramic and

4147
03:10:55,349 --> 03:10:52,720
stereographic imaging capabilities and

4148
03:10:57,510 --> 03:10:55,359
it has the ability to zoom in to give us

4149
03:11:00,389 --> 03:10:57,520
a closer look so again those are all

4150
03:11:02,630 --> 03:11:00,399
exciting things that will improve rover

4151
03:11:04,389 --> 03:11:02,640
operations that's just

4152
03:11:07,510 --> 03:11:04,399
just amazing

4153
03:11:10,469 --> 03:11:07,520
for this particular piece of equipment

4154
03:11:12,790 --> 03:11:10,479
so again we are still following the the

4155
03:11:15,190 --> 03:11:12,800
progress of the vehicle as it continues

4156
03:11:17,990 --> 03:11:15,200
with its approach to mars ultimately

4157
03:11:20,230 --> 03:11:18,000
it's landing on the surface again a huge

4158
03:11:22,150 --> 03:11:20,240
distance between uh between burke and

4159
03:11:24,630 --> 03:11:22,160
mars so it does take time for those

4160
03:11:26,150 --> 03:11:24,640
signals to reach us but as soon as we

4161
03:11:29,030 --> 03:11:26,160
have them we'll share that information

4162
03:11:30,150 --> 03:11:29,040
with you and that will be very very

4163
03:11:33,590 --> 03:11:30,160
exciting

4164
03:11:38,070 --> 03:11:36,070
mars helicopter is uh is included with

4165
03:11:39,670 --> 03:11:38,080
this uh with this payload package and

4166
03:11:41,670 --> 03:11:39,680
for the first time

4167
03:11:43,590 --> 03:11:41,680
we'll have an aerial drone that will be

4168
03:11:46,550 --> 03:11:43,600
able to fly across the surface of

4169
03:11:48,870 --> 03:11:46,560
another world giving us aerial views

4170
03:11:52,070 --> 03:11:48,880
of the martian surface allowing us to

4171
03:11:53,910 --> 03:11:52,080
see it from a different vantage point

4172
03:11:56,950 --> 03:11:53,920
again we're testing this uh this new

4173
03:12:00,070 --> 03:11:56,960
technology and uh i i've got to tell you

4174
03:12:03,190 --> 03:12:00,080
that i am absolutely excited about this

4175
03:12:05,429 --> 03:12:03,200
the name of the helicopter is ingenuity

4176
03:12:06,950 --> 03:12:05,439
and and that's exactly what it is the

4177
03:12:09,510 --> 03:12:06,960
engineers have

4178
03:12:12,550 --> 03:12:09,520
have developed an ingenious device

4179
03:12:16,630 --> 03:12:12,560
uh robotic vehicle that will be able to

4180
03:12:18,550 --> 03:12:16,640
explore mars from the air

4181
03:12:20,309 --> 03:12:18,560
you know the year on mars is very very

4182
03:12:22,710 --> 03:12:20,319
thin so coming up with a vehicle that

4183
03:12:25,590 --> 03:12:22,720
can do powered flight in that thin

4184
03:12:28,790 --> 03:12:25,600
that thin air is just amazing and it

4185
03:12:30,870 --> 03:12:28,800
will help to inform us decisions uh

4186
03:12:33,349 --> 03:12:30,880
relating to considering other small

4187
03:12:35,269 --> 03:12:33,359
vehicles for a future mars mission

4188
03:12:38,150 --> 03:12:35,279
and they could perform some type of

4189
03:12:40,389 --> 03:12:38,160
supporting role to uh to the other

4190
03:12:42,630 --> 03:12:40,399
vehicles as well these are robotic

4191
03:12:43,750 --> 03:12:42,640
scouts they can survey terrain

4192
03:12:48,870 --> 03:12:43,760
they can

4193
03:12:50,710 --> 03:12:48,880
all of that from above and that's that's

4194
03:12:52,630 --> 03:12:50,720
just amazing

4195
03:12:53,990 --> 03:12:52,640
again this particular project is

4196
03:12:55,750 --> 03:12:54,000
demonstrating

4197
03:12:57,349 --> 03:12:55,760
some new technology

4198
03:12:59,190 --> 03:12:57,359
and

4199
03:13:00,870 --> 03:12:59,200
it wasn't originally designed to support

4200
03:13:03,030 --> 03:13:00,880
the mars mission but

4201
03:13:05,030 --> 03:13:03,040
but it's uh it's some technology that's

4202
03:13:05,830 --> 03:13:05,040
being demonstrated and if it goes well

4203
03:13:12,070 --> 03:13:05,840
then

4204
03:13:16,790 --> 03:13:14,870
a few questions that are coming in

4205
03:13:19,110 --> 03:13:16,800
let's take a look at our social media

4206
03:13:20,550 --> 03:13:19,120
and uh and see who's got a question for

4207
03:13:28,070 --> 03:13:20,560
us

4208
03:13:33,750 --> 03:13:31,269
uh here's a question this is a question

4209
03:13:34,790 --> 03:13:33,760
from jerome hi jerome thanks for joining

4210
03:13:36,550 --> 03:13:34,800
us

4211
03:13:39,510 --> 03:13:36,560
jerome wants to know what does it take

4212
03:13:41,349 --> 03:13:39,520
to get a spacecraft to mars that's uh

4213
03:13:43,510 --> 03:13:41,359
that's a really good question

4214
03:13:45,110 --> 03:13:43,520
it takes careful planning

4215
03:13:46,550 --> 03:13:45,120
and uh

4216
03:13:48,150 --> 03:13:46,560
and that's just part of it you know

4217
03:13:50,710 --> 03:13:48,160
again earth and mars are in different

4218
03:13:52,150 --> 03:13:50,720
orbits they travel at different speeds

4219
03:13:54,309 --> 03:13:52,160
around the sun

4220
03:13:56,309 --> 03:13:54,319
so careful planning of exactly when to

4221
03:13:58,710 --> 03:13:56,319
launch our spacecraft in order to get it

4222
03:14:00,389 --> 03:13:58,720
to uh to mars is very important also we

4223
03:14:02,389 --> 03:14:00,399
have to consider the size of the

4224
03:14:04,790 --> 03:14:02,399
spacecraft depending on what we want to

4225
03:14:06,870 --> 03:14:04,800
launch towards mars it might require a

4226
03:14:08,309 --> 03:14:06,880
larger rocket you know perseverance is

4227
03:14:11,110 --> 03:14:08,319
one of the largest things that we've

4228
03:14:13,750 --> 03:14:11,120
ever sent to mars and we needed an atlas

4229
03:14:16,309 --> 03:14:13,760
v rocket one of our strongest rockets to

4230
03:14:19,349 --> 03:14:16,319
carry such a heavy payload to uh through

4231
03:14:20,710 --> 03:14:19,359
interplanetary space so uh that's one of

4232
03:14:22,630 --> 03:14:20,720
the things that we have to consider when

4233
03:14:24,790 --> 03:14:22,640
we're getting ready to uh to send the

4234
03:14:26,550 --> 03:14:24,800
spacecraft to mars what is it that we

4235
03:14:28,710 --> 03:14:26,560
want to do now one of the other things

4236
03:14:30,630 --> 03:14:28,720
that you want to consider jerome is what

4237
03:14:32,150 --> 03:14:30,640
do you want to do when you get there

4238
03:14:34,309 --> 03:14:32,160
that'll help determine what type of

4239
03:14:35,990 --> 03:14:34,319
chassis or basic frame you're going to

4240
03:14:38,550 --> 03:14:36,000
need for the robot will it be a

4241
03:14:40,710 --> 03:14:38,560
stationary robot will it be a mobile

4242
03:14:42,630 --> 03:14:40,720
robot that will drive around

4243
03:14:44,309 --> 03:14:42,640
those are questions to ask as you help

4244
03:14:46,469 --> 03:14:44,319
to plan and prepare

4245
03:14:48,550 --> 03:14:46,479
for a uh for a potential mission if you

4246
03:14:50,790 --> 03:14:48,560
haven't already done so folks why don't

4247
03:14:52,710 --> 03:14:50,800
you do this as an experiment and it's

4248
03:14:54,309 --> 03:14:52,720
something to think about why don't you

4249
03:14:56,469 --> 03:14:54,319
plan your own

4250
03:14:58,309 --> 03:14:56,479
robotic mission to mars and tell us a

4251
03:15:00,070 --> 03:14:58,319
little bit about the uh about the

4252
03:15:02,790 --> 03:15:00,080
mission that you have planned

4253
03:15:04,630 --> 03:15:02,800
you can also draw pictures and post

4254
03:15:08,070 --> 03:15:04,640
those pictures on social media showing

4255
03:15:10,389 --> 03:15:08,080
you showing us what your uh what your

4256
03:15:12,550 --> 03:15:10,399
your uh your mission vehicle will look

4257
03:15:14,469 --> 03:15:12,560
like and don't forget to tell us what

4258
03:15:16,870 --> 03:15:14,479
it's going to do once it gets tomorrow

4259
03:15:20,950 --> 03:15:16,880
so that's part of your tasking now

4260
03:15:22,469 --> 03:15:20,960
design your own mission to mars

4261
03:15:25,990 --> 03:15:22,479
thanks for that great question jerome

4262
03:15:33,590 --> 03:15:26,000
that was uh that was fantastic

4263
03:15:39,830 --> 03:15:36,389
here's a good one how do rovers drive on

4264
03:15:42,389 --> 03:15:39,840
the surface of mars

4265
03:15:45,269 --> 03:15:42,399
very skillfully again earth and mars are

4266
03:15:47,510 --> 03:15:45,279
very far apart it sends it it takes time

4267
03:15:48,630 --> 03:15:47,520
to send those radio signals back and

4268
03:15:52,150 --> 03:15:48,640
forth so

4269
03:15:54,550 --> 03:15:52,160
uh typically it's not a uh not a a

4270
03:15:57,910 --> 03:15:54,560
remote control like you might be used to

4271
03:16:00,150 --> 03:15:57,920
with a with a toy car or even a a radio

4272
03:16:02,710 --> 03:16:00,160
controlled airplane

4273
03:16:05,990 --> 03:16:02,720
this takes careful planning your robot

4274
03:16:07,830 --> 03:16:06,000
has to do a lot of work on its own so

4275
03:16:09,510 --> 03:16:07,840
that rover will have to have very

4276
03:16:11,349 --> 03:16:09,520
sensitive instruments and excellent

4277
03:16:13,110 --> 03:16:11,359
programming you might know where you

4278
03:16:15,349 --> 03:16:13,120
want the robot to go and you'll send the

4279
03:16:17,510 --> 03:16:15,359
command for it to go there

4280
03:16:20,150 --> 03:16:17,520
but as in the case with pressure with

4281
03:16:22,870 --> 03:16:20,160
perseverance it'll have to figure out on

4282
03:16:24,790 --> 03:16:22,880
its own how to get from point a to point

4283
03:16:27,510 --> 03:16:24,800
b how to get from where it is to where

4284
03:16:29,349 --> 03:16:27,520
you want it to go so some of the sensors

4285
03:16:31,269 --> 03:16:29,359
some of the equipment that's on board

4286
03:16:33,750 --> 03:16:31,279
that are used for navigation are

4287
03:16:35,590 --> 03:16:33,760
designed to be operated just that way

4288
03:16:37,590 --> 03:16:35,600
once it gets here then you can do all

4289
03:16:39,510 --> 03:16:37,600
kinds of thoughts and experiments but

4290
03:16:41,510 --> 03:16:39,520
it's really going to be up to the rover

4291
03:16:43,750 --> 03:16:41,520
and the rovers uh and the rover's

4292
03:16:46,229 --> 03:16:43,760
artificial intelligence to tell it how

4293
03:16:47,990 --> 03:16:46,239
to get to where you wanted to go great

4294
03:16:49,910 --> 03:16:48,000
question again

4295
03:16:54,790 --> 03:16:49,920
where uh

4296
03:16:56,229 --> 03:16:54,800
how do uh how do rovers drive on mars

4297
03:17:00,870 --> 03:16:56,239
check to see if we have any other

4298
03:17:06,150 --> 03:17:04,150
some of these we've already answered

4299
03:17:07,510 --> 03:17:06,160
how long is a year on mars i think we

4300
03:17:08,710 --> 03:17:07,520
we've talked about that a couple of

4301
03:17:10,630 --> 03:17:08,720
times now

4302
03:17:12,630 --> 03:17:10,640
again mars is twice the distance from

4303
03:17:15,590 --> 03:17:12,640
the sun that the earth is so it's going

4304
03:17:19,590 --> 03:17:15,600
to take it twice as long to go around

4305
03:17:22,389 --> 03:17:19,600
the sun as earth does so a year on mars

4306
03:17:24,550 --> 03:17:22,399
is actually two earth years for planets

4307
03:17:26,870 --> 03:17:24,560
that are closer to the sun like venus

4308
03:17:27,670 --> 03:17:26,880
and even mercury they move at a faster

4309
03:17:29,830 --> 03:17:27,680
rate

4310
03:17:32,870 --> 03:17:29,840
and the time it takes them to go around

4311
03:17:34,870 --> 03:17:32,880
the sun a year on those planetary bodies

4312
03:17:37,830 --> 03:17:34,880
is much shorter than a year here on

4313
03:17:41,510 --> 03:17:37,840
earth but for those planets like like

4314
03:17:43,269 --> 03:17:41,520
mars and jupiter and saturn etc they're

4315
03:17:46,150 --> 03:17:43,279
farther away from the sun so it's going

4316
03:17:48,870 --> 03:17:46,160
to take them longer to go around that to

4317
03:17:51,269 --> 03:17:48,880
go around our star

4318
03:17:53,030 --> 03:17:51,279
that that that's a great question and

4319
03:17:54,630 --> 03:17:53,040
hopefully we've answered it for you

4320
03:17:57,269 --> 03:17:54,640
that's a little timmy

4321
03:17:59,349 --> 03:17:57,279
and timmy is from garfield heights thank

4322
03:18:01,429 --> 03:17:59,359
you that was a great question a great

4323
03:18:04,070 --> 03:18:01,439
question

4324
03:18:05,349 --> 03:18:04,080
looking to see if we have any additional

4325
03:18:12,229 --> 03:18:05,359
questions here

4326
03:18:15,510 --> 03:18:13,349
so some of the things that we're going

4327
03:18:17,429 --> 03:18:15,520
to be looking for during the descent and

4328
03:18:19,910 --> 03:18:17,439
the and the landing

4329
03:18:21,590 --> 03:18:19,920
are signals coming from the the vehicle

4330
03:18:24,950 --> 03:18:21,600
itself you know one of the amazing

4331
03:18:29,990 --> 03:18:27,269
excuse me

4332
03:18:32,710 --> 03:18:30,000
once uh once the uh the vehicle enters

4333
03:18:34,870 --> 03:18:32,720
the atmosphere after the after the

4334
03:18:37,750 --> 03:18:34,880
supersonic parachute has been deployed

4335
03:18:39,349 --> 03:18:37,760
and the vehicle slows down substantially

4336
03:18:42,229 --> 03:18:39,359
there is a

4337
03:18:44,150 --> 03:18:42,239
the the the heat shield the lower heat

4338
03:18:46,229 --> 03:18:44,160
shield will be released

4339
03:18:49,429 --> 03:18:46,239
and uh for the first time we'll be able

4340
03:18:51,510 --> 03:18:49,439
to see the uh the surface of the planet

4341
03:18:52,790 --> 03:18:51,520
there are actually two tiny cameras that

4342
03:18:55,269 --> 03:18:52,800
are on board

4343
03:18:57,990 --> 03:18:55,279
that the that the spacecraft is using to

4344
03:18:59,990 --> 03:18:58,000
help it navigate to the touchdown point

4345
03:19:03,030 --> 03:19:00,000
and this will give us the opportunity to

4346
03:19:05,429 --> 03:19:03,040
actually see that landing from the eyes

4347
03:19:06,950 --> 03:19:05,439
of the rover and that's going to be so

4348
03:19:09,429 --> 03:19:06,960
very very cool

4349
03:19:14,710 --> 03:19:09,439
and and hopefully we'll be able to bring

4350
03:19:19,349 --> 03:19:17,510
as the as the vehicle gets closer to the

4351
03:19:20,469 --> 03:19:19,359
surface of mars

4352
03:19:22,550 --> 03:19:20,479
one of the things that we want to be

4353
03:19:24,870 --> 03:19:22,560
very careful of is that we don't want to

4354
03:19:25,750 --> 03:19:24,880
we don't want to kick up a lot of dust

4355
03:19:27,910 --> 03:19:25,760
so

4356
03:19:29,830 --> 03:19:27,920
we've we've entered the atmosphere we've

4357
03:19:32,630 --> 03:19:29,840
used the parachute we've separated from

4358
03:19:34,950 --> 03:19:32,640
the parachute a jet pack will take over

4359
03:19:37,590 --> 03:19:34,960
and that jet pack is going to stop the

4360
03:19:39,349 --> 03:19:37,600
vertical descent of the vehicle

4361
03:19:41,269 --> 03:19:39,359
allow it to hover it's going to move out

4362
03:19:44,229 --> 03:19:41,279
of the way so it doesn't get hit by any

4363
03:19:46,870 --> 03:19:44,239
of the other pieces of the spacecraft as

4364
03:19:48,389 --> 03:19:46,880
it enters the atmosphere but after it's

4365
03:19:50,550 --> 03:19:48,399
moved off to the side it's going to

4366
03:19:52,870 --> 03:19:50,560
steady itself it's going to use its

4367
03:19:54,870 --> 03:19:52,880
onboard sensor system to ease it a

4368
03:19:57,670 --> 03:19:54,880
little bit closer to the to the

4369
03:20:00,229 --> 03:19:57,680
designated landing site in fact

4370
03:20:02,630 --> 03:20:00,239
this spacecraft is so sophisticated it

4371
03:20:04,790 --> 03:20:02,640
can scan the terrain and look for the

4372
03:20:06,630 --> 03:20:04,800
best place in that general facility to

4373
03:20:08,870 --> 03:20:06,640
touch down and that's some neat

4374
03:20:11,510 --> 03:20:08,880
technology that we're going to be seeing

4375
03:20:13,590 --> 03:20:11,520
used on this on this particular mission

4376
03:20:16,150 --> 03:20:13,600
so it will be able to help itself to

4377
03:20:17,990 --> 03:20:16,160
find the best place to land in that

4378
03:20:20,710 --> 03:20:18,000
general area

4379
03:20:22,630 --> 03:20:20,720
it'll hover above that area about 12

4380
03:20:25,910 --> 03:20:22,640
seconds before touchdown

4381
03:20:28,790 --> 03:20:25,920
the uh the rover itself will be lowered

4382
03:20:30,950 --> 03:20:28,800
down from that from that jet pack we

4383
03:20:33,990 --> 03:20:30,960
call this the sky crane maneuver it will

4384
03:20:36,229 --> 03:20:34,000
be lowered down and uh and then once the

4385
03:20:43,110 --> 03:20:36,239
wheels touch down the cables will be

4386
03:20:48,710 --> 03:20:46,070
well folks we understand that uh

4387
03:20:50,469 --> 03:20:48,720
we understand that the uh that nasa

4388
03:20:55,670 --> 03:20:50,479
mission control

4389
03:21:02,309 --> 03:20:59,910
and we are going to join that broadcast

4390
03:21:04,070 --> 03:21:02,319
already in progress you can stay here

4391
03:21:05,990 --> 03:21:04,080
with us or you can switch over to

4392
03:21:08,389 --> 03:21:06,000
nasa.gov

4393
03:21:10,469 --> 03:21:08,399
nasalive but for those of you that are

4394
03:21:12,950 --> 03:21:10,479
staying with us we're going to go ahead

4395
03:21:33,269 --> 03:21:12,960
and tune into that broadcast in real

4396
03:21:38,229 --> 03:21:35,030
once again we're joining uh we're

4397
03:21:41,190 --> 03:21:38,239
joining nasa tv

4398
03:21:44,630 --> 03:21:41,200
as we follow live coverage

4399
03:21:54,710 --> 03:21:46,630
rover

4400
03:21:57,670 --> 03:21:56,150
images that you'll be seeing on the

4401
03:22:01,429 --> 03:21:57,680
screen are coming live from the mission

4402
03:22:05,269 --> 03:22:03,590
robotic missions are primarily handled

4403
03:22:09,830 --> 03:22:05,279
through the jet propulsion laboratory in

4404
03:22:14,630 --> 03:22:11,670
so we'll be able to link up with them

4405
03:22:18,550 --> 03:22:16,229
and we'll continue to provide you with

4406
03:22:24,710 --> 03:22:18,560
commentary

4407
03:22:30,070 --> 03:22:26,710
as a vehicle continues to make it its

4408
03:22:35,429 --> 03:22:32,150
key phases that are that will be coming

4409
03:22:36,870 --> 03:22:35,439
up and the flight

4410
03:22:38,309 --> 03:22:36,880
about 10 minutes before entering the

4411
03:22:40,389 --> 03:22:38,319
atmosphere

4412
03:22:42,469 --> 03:22:40,399
spacecraft is going to shed its cruise

4413
03:22:44,229 --> 03:22:42,479
stage that houses the solar panels

4414
03:22:46,790 --> 03:22:44,239
radios fuel tanks the things that it's

4415
03:22:48,950 --> 03:22:46,800
been using for that interstellar

4416
03:22:55,349 --> 03:22:48,960
cruise

4417
03:23:00,550 --> 03:22:57,990
only the protective aeroshell

4418
03:23:02,550 --> 03:23:00,560
with its rover inside will

4419
03:23:04,550 --> 03:23:02,560
be the descent stage that'll be entering

4420
03:23:05,990 --> 03:23:04,560
the atmosphere and make the trip down to

4421
03:23:07,910 --> 03:23:06,000
the surface happy to have you here

4422
03:23:10,229 --> 03:23:07,920
thanks swati we'll be checking back in

4423
03:23:12,070 --> 03:23:10,239
with you in just a few minutes as

4424
03:23:17,110 --> 03:23:12,080
perseverance approaches its next

4425
03:23:17,120 --> 03:23:23,190
once it lands on mars

4426
03:23:23,200 --> 03:23:35,830
ours is the closest place

4427
03:23:48,630 --> 03:23:44,870
crater

4428
03:23:49,990 --> 03:23:48,640
surface of mars could have hosted

4429
03:23:51,990 --> 03:23:50,000
ancients

4430
03:23:54,229 --> 03:23:52,000
but not every crater that we think had

4431
03:23:56,309 --> 03:23:54,239
only actually preserves evidence that

4432
03:23:58,229 --> 03:23:56,319
that lake was there it had an inflow

4433
03:24:00,070 --> 03:23:58,239
channel and it had an outflow channel

4434
03:24:02,710 --> 03:24:00,080
that means it was filled the crater was

4435
03:24:04,469 --> 03:24:02,720
filled with water in jezreel we have

4436
03:24:08,150 --> 03:24:04,479
probably one of the most beautifully

4437
03:24:09,670 --> 03:24:08,160
preserved delta deposits on mars in that

4438
03:24:15,510 --> 03:24:09,680
crater

4439
03:24:18,389 --> 03:24:17,590
to preserve

4440
03:24:21,990 --> 03:24:18,399
and

4441
03:24:33,780 --> 03:24:23,510
the unique

4442
03:24:33,790 --> 03:24:38,389
[Music]

4443
03:24:38,399 --> 03:24:41,670
and

4444
03:24:44,630 --> 03:24:43,429
life ever existed

4445
03:24:46,309 --> 03:24:44,640
on mars

4446
03:24:49,750 --> 03:24:46,319
the perseverance rover starts with

4447
03:25:06,150 --> 03:24:49,760
design that's very similar to curiosity

4448
03:25:12,630 --> 03:25:09,590
another planet perseverance carries with

4449
03:25:15,510 --> 03:25:12,640
her a grand experiment in space fairing

4450
03:25:19,030 --> 03:25:15,520
technology a helicopter the name of

4451
03:25:21,269 --> 03:25:19,040
which is now ingenuity one of the major

4452
03:25:23,110 --> 03:25:21,279
upgrades that perseverance has from

4453
03:25:26,229 --> 03:25:23,120
curiosity is that it's able to

4454
03:25:29,190 --> 03:25:26,239
self-drive for a distance of up to 200

4455
03:25:31,590 --> 03:25:29,200
meters per day as the rover is driving

4456
03:25:34,469 --> 03:25:31,600
it's literally building the map of the

4457
03:25:36,389 --> 03:25:34,479
road it's driving on on mars

4458
03:25:38,550 --> 03:25:36,399
scientists for years have told us that

4459
03:25:40,070 --> 03:25:38,560
to really unlock

4460
03:25:42,550 --> 03:25:40,080
the secrets of mars we have to bring

4461
03:25:45,990 --> 03:25:42,560
samples from mars back to earth so what

4462
03:25:47,349 --> 03:25:46,000
marsh 2020 is going to do is to

4463
03:25:49,750 --> 03:25:47,359
drill samples

4464
03:25:52,469 --> 03:25:49,760
put them in small tubes we're going to

4465
03:25:54,389 --> 03:25:52,479
seal it in its own individual tube we

4466
03:25:56,950 --> 03:25:54,399
set them on the surface to provide a

4467
03:25:58,710 --> 03:25:56,960
target for the second two missions

4468
03:26:00,150 --> 03:25:58,720
which hopefully will get in development

4469
03:26:01,990 --> 03:26:00,160
in the next several years and could

4470
03:26:06,550 --> 03:26:02,000
potentially get the samples back to

4471
03:26:08,710 --> 03:26:06,560
earth by v31 perseverance is a very very

4472
03:26:11,269 --> 03:26:08,720
profound first step

4473
03:26:12,790 --> 03:26:11,279
in both our understanding

4474
03:26:14,070 --> 03:26:12,800
of our place

4475
03:26:14,950 --> 03:26:14,080
in the universe

4476
03:26:16,550 --> 03:26:14,960
and

4477
03:26:23,429 --> 03:26:16,560
a stepping stone towards human

4478
03:26:27,910 --> 03:26:25,590
you are watching live mars ending

4479
03:26:30,870 --> 03:26:27,920
commentary and perseverance is about to

4480
03:26:32,950 --> 03:26:30,880
reach another important milestone swati

4481
03:26:35,269 --> 03:26:32,960
can you tell us what is happening

4482
03:26:37,990 --> 03:26:35,279
we are at a milestone where the

4483
03:26:39,750 --> 03:26:38,000
operations team determines whether

4484
03:26:42,389 --> 03:26:39,760
they're ready to turn off the

4485
03:26:44,950 --> 03:26:42,399
transmitter and perseverance turning off

4486
03:26:47,429 --> 03:26:44,960
the transmitter is like taking your

4487
03:26:49,670 --> 03:26:47,439
hands off of the wheel at this point

4488
03:26:52,389 --> 03:26:49,680
ford perseverance would be

4489
03:26:55,830 --> 03:26:52,399
on her own to execute entry descent

4490
03:27:00,630 --> 03:26:55,840
landing over 500 000 lines of code let's

4491
03:27:06,950 --> 03:27:04,630
uh folks this is so exciting

4492
03:27:09,349 --> 03:27:06,960
all of that code and it all has to work

4493
03:27:11,510 --> 03:27:09,359
right the first time in order for the

4494
03:27:14,070 --> 03:27:11,520
vehicle to successfully land on the

4495
03:27:16,389 --> 03:27:14,080
surface of mars

4496
03:27:18,190 --> 03:27:16,399
currently the vehicle is cruising at

4497
03:27:20,070 --> 03:27:18,200
near

4498
03:27:24,790 --> 03:27:20,080
2236

4499
03:27:27,590 --> 03:27:24,800
landing site

4500
03:27:29,830 --> 03:27:27,600
velocity is a little more than 10 000

4501
03:27:32,070 --> 03:27:29,840
miles per hour

4502
03:27:33,510 --> 03:27:32,080
propulsion go

4503
03:27:34,469 --> 03:27:33,520
art lead

4504
03:27:35,750 --> 03:27:34,479
go

4505
03:27:36,630 --> 03:27:35,760
team chief

4506
03:27:37,510 --> 03:27:36,640
go

4507
03:27:39,269 --> 03:27:37,520
ace

4508
03:27:41,110 --> 03:27:39,279
go

4509
03:27:43,990 --> 03:27:41,120
launch cruise phase lead

4510
03:27:46,630 --> 03:27:45,429
deputy mission

4511
03:27:48,950 --> 03:27:46,640
go

4512
03:27:51,429 --> 03:27:48,960
edl phase lead

4513
03:27:52,950 --> 03:27:51,439
mission assurance

4514
03:27:58,150 --> 03:27:52,960
let's go

4515
03:28:01,830 --> 03:27:59,830
chief is go

4516
03:28:03,750 --> 03:28:01,840
project manager

4517
03:28:06,070 --> 03:28:03,760
projects go

4518
03:28:08,309 --> 03:28:06,080
mission manager all stations are go for

4519
03:28:14,150 --> 03:28:08,319
transmitter

4520
03:28:20,389 --> 03:28:16,550
we have deemed perseverance ready to

4521
03:28:22,469 --> 03:28:20,399
execute entry descending on her own

4522
03:28:25,110 --> 03:28:22,479
thank you swati as we just heard

4523
03:28:28,550 --> 03:28:25,120
perseverance is now operating on its own

4524
03:28:30,469 --> 03:28:28,560
as it cruises closer to mars to help

4525
03:28:33,830 --> 03:28:30,479
explain what this mission means for the

4526
03:28:35,190 --> 03:28:33,840
agency is nafta's associator thomas

4527
03:28:37,750 --> 03:28:35,200
zurbukin

4528
03:28:40,950 --> 03:28:37,760
thomas this is our fifth rover sent to

4529
03:28:43,190 --> 03:28:40,960
mars since 1997. can you tell us how

4530
03:28:44,309 --> 03:28:43,200
perseverance is going to kick out a new

4531
03:28:47,030 --> 03:28:44,319
era

4532
03:28:49,269 --> 03:28:47,040
wow this is such an important

4533
03:28:51,349 --> 03:28:49,279
and it is the beginning of a new era in

4534
03:28:53,429 --> 03:28:51,359
a sense that we're going from

4535
03:28:57,030 --> 03:28:53,439
exploration you know with

4536
03:28:58,790 --> 03:28:57,040
experiments on rovers looking around

4537
03:29:01,190 --> 03:28:58,800
doing analysis

4538
03:29:04,389 --> 03:29:01,200
to the sample return phase in which

4539
03:29:07,910 --> 03:29:04,399
we're not only looking around looking at

4540
03:29:10,550 --> 03:29:07,920
the geology but really turning our rover

4541
03:29:13,830 --> 03:29:10,560
in erotic geologists and astrobiologists

4542
03:29:15,990 --> 03:29:13,840
collecting samples that we win

4543
03:29:18,229 --> 03:29:16,000
back to earth and for us of course those

4544
03:29:19,990 --> 03:29:18,239
are where the best laboratories are of

4545
03:29:21,990 --> 03:29:20,000
all of humanity some of them still

4546
03:29:24,550 --> 03:29:22,000
remain to be explored by some that are

4547
03:29:26,229 --> 03:29:24,560
not yet in the science community yet and

4548
03:29:28,630 --> 03:29:26,239
that's what we're looking forward to

4549
03:29:30,710 --> 03:29:28,640
it's that new the other element that i

4550
03:29:32,229 --> 03:29:30,720
want to talk about is the amazing

4551
03:29:34,950 --> 03:29:32,239
technologies that are there and of

4552
03:29:37,070 --> 03:29:34,960
course one of my favorites ingenuity

4553
03:29:39,429 --> 03:29:37,080
helicopter this in search of this

4554
03:29:41,670 --> 03:29:39,439
extraterrestrial wright brothers moment

4555
03:29:44,150 --> 03:29:41,680
you know controlled flight for the first

4556
03:29:47,190 --> 03:29:44,160
time elsewhere raquel

4557
03:29:50,790 --> 03:29:47,200
great and we have a student question on

4558
03:29:52,790 --> 03:29:50,800
video for you from macy

4559
03:29:54,630 --> 03:29:52,800
hi my name is dale

4560
03:29:57,030 --> 03:29:54,640
my question is

4561
03:29:59,190 --> 03:29:57,040
is anything alive on mars

4562
03:30:01,750 --> 03:29:59,200
thank you

4563
03:30:04,309 --> 03:30:01,760
well i may see i'm so glad for your

4564
03:30:06,229 --> 03:30:04,319
quest i asked myself is anything alive

4565
03:30:08,309 --> 03:30:06,239
there and frankly at the surface where

4566
03:30:10,950 --> 03:30:08,319
we're going right now with uh

4567
03:30:14,309 --> 03:30:10,960
perseverance we do not believe there's

4568
03:30:16,309 --> 03:30:14,319
anything alive uh right the radiation

4569
03:30:19,670 --> 03:30:16,319
that they're still in cold and there

4570
03:30:21,910 --> 03:30:19,680
ain't no water there guess what

4571
03:30:24,070 --> 03:30:21,920
three billion years ago

4572
03:30:26,550 --> 03:30:24,080
this looked like a stream that you may

4573
03:30:27,990 --> 03:30:26,560
see on earth and frankly a lot more

4574
03:30:29,990 --> 03:30:28,000
similar effects like water with a

4575
03:30:33,750 --> 03:30:30,000
magnetic field just like the earth with

4576
03:30:35,670 --> 03:30:33,760
an atmosphere and the question is

4577
03:30:36,710 --> 03:30:35,680
at that time three billion years ago

4578
03:30:39,349 --> 03:30:36,720
were they

4579
03:30:41,670 --> 03:30:39,359
they're similar forms of the type that

4580
03:30:42,630 --> 03:30:41,680
developed on earth so is there life on

4581
03:30:45,110 --> 03:30:42,640
oh we

4582
03:30:48,790 --> 03:30:45,120
don't know how we're really looking for

4583
03:30:54,229 --> 03:30:51,830
thank you for your time today thomas and

4584
03:30:55,990 --> 03:30:54,239
everyone who has been using the hashtag

4585
03:30:58,550 --> 03:30:56,000
countdown to mars

4586
03:31:01,750 --> 03:30:58,560
here are some of the photos that you've

4587
03:31:05,429 --> 03:31:01,760
sent in so far let's take a look

4588
03:31:10,950 --> 03:31:05,439
now please keep sharing with us how you

4589
03:31:13,750 --> 03:31:12,710
for now let's

4590
03:31:16,469 --> 03:31:13,760
swatch

4591
03:31:19,429 --> 03:31:16,479
an update to what's going on in mission

4592
03:31:21,830 --> 03:31:19,439
control as we get closer to another

4593
03:31:27,510 --> 03:31:21,840
milestone

4594
03:31:30,389 --> 03:31:27,520
communications pool so during landing

4595
03:31:33,190 --> 03:31:30,399
not only universities talk directly to

4596
03:31:35,750 --> 03:31:33,200
earth but we'll also be talking to two

4597
03:31:40,950 --> 03:31:35,760
spacecraft that are currently orbiting

4598
03:31:45,670 --> 03:31:43,030
this pool is to confirm with the mark

4599
03:31:47,670 --> 03:31:45,680
constance orbiter spacecraft and the

4600
03:31:50,870 --> 03:31:47,680
maven spacecraft teams that they are

4601
03:31:52,070 --> 03:31:50,880
ready and on track to support the relay

4602
03:32:19,190 --> 03:31:52,080
from person

4603
03:32:23,429 --> 03:32:21,190
have you performed the contract and

4604
03:32:25,110 --> 03:32:23,439
readiness of the orbiters

4605
03:32:27,590 --> 03:32:25,120
we have performed the voice check and

4606
03:32:29,349 --> 03:32:27,600
the readiness poll and can confirm that

4607
03:32:32,950 --> 03:32:29,359
mro maven

4608
03:32:48,870 --> 03:32:32,960
eda radio science one and two uafbe csn

4609
03:32:54,469 --> 03:32:51,110
from each of the different orbiters and

4610
03:32:56,710 --> 03:32:54,479
all of their on the ground that are and

4611
03:33:02,550 --> 03:32:56,720
uh are on track to support the relay

4612
03:33:07,110 --> 03:33:05,269
great thank you swati and we just heard

4613
03:33:09,030 --> 03:33:07,120
that communications readiness poll which

4614
03:33:10,870 --> 03:33:09,040
means read to relay the data

4615
03:33:13,990 --> 03:33:10,880
perseverance will send

4616
03:33:16,710 --> 03:33:14,000
to get a better idea of what the rover

4617
03:33:19,670 --> 03:33:16,720
looks like as it approaches ours we have

4618
03:33:22,710 --> 03:33:19,680
a nasa program called eyes the

4619
03:33:25,110 --> 03:33:22,720
visualization lets anyone watching track

4620
03:33:27,429 --> 03:33:25,120
perseverance here's how the program

4621
03:33:29,110 --> 03:33:27,439
works

4622
03:33:40,950 --> 03:33:29,120
follow perseverance on its journey to

4623
03:33:47,670 --> 03:33:44,630
in real time through every step of eda

4624
03:33:50,070 --> 03:33:47,680
entry descent and landing

4625
03:33:51,990 --> 03:33:50,080
this interactive experience lets you

4626
03:33:53,590 --> 03:33:52,000
ride along from whatever perspective you

4627
03:33:56,870 --> 03:33:53,600
choose

4628
03:33:58,229 --> 03:33:56,880
click and drag scroll scroll out

4629
03:34:00,469 --> 03:33:58,239
check out the descriptions and

4630
03:34:02,389 --> 03:34:00,479
explanation to increase your edl

4631
03:34:04,389 --> 03:34:02,399
expertise

4632
03:34:05,830 --> 03:34:04,399
experience

4633
03:34:08,070 --> 03:34:05,840
and landing events

4634
03:34:10,790 --> 03:34:08,080
you can design execute

4635
03:34:12,630 --> 03:34:10,800
perseverance beyond mars

4636
03:34:14,950 --> 03:34:12,640
the eyes experience is based on

4637
03:34:16,550 --> 03:34:14,960
predictive data but during this

4638
03:34:19,269 --> 03:34:16,560
broadcast you'll see a different

4639
03:34:21,429 --> 03:34:19,279
visualization called ranger and it's

4640
03:34:23,269 --> 03:34:21,439
based on the real communication the team

4641
03:34:26,070 --> 03:34:23,279
and mission control receives from

4642
03:34:28,469 --> 03:34:26,080
perseverance in near real time

4643
03:34:31,349 --> 03:34:28,479
this is the visualization the team will

4644
03:34:33,110 --> 03:34:31,359
follow as data filters from pray that

4645
03:34:35,190 --> 03:34:33,120
health or perseverance on this

4646
03:34:38,309 --> 03:34:35,200
nerve-wracking course to another

4647
03:34:50,210 --> 03:34:38,319
successful mars landing

4648
03:34:54,710 --> 03:34:52,710
[Music]

4649
03:34:56,870 --> 03:34:54,720
that's a great website if you've if

4650
03:35:00,150 --> 03:34:56,880
you've seen it you should go there it uh

4651
03:35:03,030 --> 03:35:01,349
commentary

4652
03:35:04,950 --> 03:35:03,040
stepping outside

4653
03:35:21,670 --> 03:35:04,960
at mission control to talk

4654
03:35:21,680 --> 03:35:24,870
just

4655
03:35:28,870 --> 03:35:26,469
and tell important things like

4656
03:35:30,710 --> 03:35:28,880
temperatures on the vehicle pressure how

4657
03:35:33,670 --> 03:35:30,720
much fuel we have left and other things

4658
03:35:35,990 --> 03:35:33,680
that we need to understand for uh

4659
03:35:48,469 --> 03:35:36,000
the health and safety

4660
03:35:52,630 --> 03:35:50,950
so velocity is just our speed combined

4661
03:35:55,269 --> 03:35:52,640
with the direction

4662
03:35:57,030 --> 03:35:55,279
and the explosives are sloping blocky so

4663
03:35:58,229 --> 03:35:57,040
we're coming in at uh

4664
03:36:00,469 --> 03:35:58,239
12

4665
03:36:05,030 --> 03:36:00,479
miles

4666
03:36:06,950 --> 03:36:05,040
and that's our deceleration

4667
03:36:09,269 --> 03:36:06,960
uh speaking of landing you may hear a

4668
03:36:11,269 --> 03:36:09,279
couple important terms uh at landing

4669
03:36:13,269 --> 03:36:11,279
itself

4670
03:36:15,429 --> 03:36:13,279
one is

4671
03:36:17,349 --> 03:36:15,439
the mu stable

4672
03:36:23,670 --> 03:36:17,359
so the remu is a device on the rover

4673
03:36:23,680 --> 03:36:31,990
table hopefully uh uh stable refers to

4674
03:36:32,000 --> 03:36:43,750
and

4675
03:36:47,990 --> 03:36:46,150
or touchdown nominal that means we've

4676
03:36:50,790 --> 03:36:48,000
touched down on the surface of mars

4677
03:36:52,469 --> 03:36:50,800
within the expected

4678
03:36:54,469 --> 03:36:52,479
way of

4679
03:36:55,590 --> 03:36:54,479
thanks for that breakdown now

4680
03:36:59,349 --> 03:36:55,600
this

4681
03:37:03,349 --> 03:37:01,990
yeah what am i taking you can

4682
03:37:04,389 --> 03:37:03,359
control when it comes to mars you

4683
03:37:05,349 --> 03:37:04,399
definitely can't

4684
03:37:07,510 --> 03:37:05,359
take

4685
03:37:09,030 --> 03:37:07,520
mars for granted you know we've checked

4686
03:37:11,510 --> 03:37:09,040
checked and double checked and triple

4687
03:37:14,229 --> 03:37:11,520
checked everything and

4688
03:37:17,349 --> 03:37:14,239
even though we've done this once before

4689
03:37:20,469 --> 03:37:18,870
um you know

4690
03:37:22,070 --> 03:37:20,479
i think everyone's going to have their

4691
03:37:23,349 --> 03:37:22,080
uh everyone's going to hold their breath

4692
03:37:24,950 --> 03:37:23,359
until we're on the surface of mars this

4693
03:37:27,190 --> 03:37:24,960
time around

4694
03:37:30,710 --> 03:37:27,200
and we have a social media

4695
03:37:42,870 --> 03:37:30,720
and coming in nor the door on instagram

4696
03:37:48,070 --> 03:37:46,150
timing accuracy and it's the result

4697
03:37:48,600 --> 03:37:48,080
of

4698
03:37:49,910 --> 03:37:48,610
any high

4699
03:37:51,910 --> 03:37:49,920
[Music]

4700
03:37:53,750 --> 03:37:51,920
year's curiosity and then uh improved

4701
03:37:55,990 --> 03:37:53,760
for the perseverance landing today at

4702
03:37:57,670 --> 03:37:56,000
jezreel crater

4703
03:37:58,389 --> 03:37:57,680
thanks for your time today matt and good

4704
03:38:00,710 --> 03:37:58,399
luck

4705
03:38:02,150 --> 03:38:00,720
thanks

4706
03:38:05,349 --> 03:38:02,160
it's hard

4707
03:38:09,750 --> 03:38:07,110
team behind person

4708
03:38:12,550 --> 03:38:09,760
faced one of its biggest challenges when

4709
03:38:16,350 --> 03:38:12,560
the corona virus

4710
03:38:16,360 --> 03:38:22,469
[Music]

4711
03:38:27,429 --> 03:38:25,190
when the dynamic

4712
03:38:29,750 --> 03:38:27,439
the future was certainly unknown it was

4713
03:38:31,429 --> 03:38:29,760
like walking into a blind dark alley you

4714
03:38:32,950 --> 03:38:31,439
didn't know what was there what was in

4715
03:38:35,590 --> 03:38:32,960
front of you what you were going to have

4716
03:38:37,750 --> 03:38:35,600
to deal with

4717
03:38:40,070 --> 03:38:37,760
it's something that nobody expected it's

4718
03:38:41,670 --> 03:38:40,080
something nobody could plan for so we

4719
03:38:43,429 --> 03:38:41,680
all were asked to start working from

4720
03:38:45,910 --> 03:38:43,439
home rather than your first priority

4721
03:38:47,990 --> 03:38:45,920
being mission success and

4722
03:38:50,389 --> 03:38:48,000
getting to the launch pad your first

4723
03:38:52,469 --> 03:38:50,399
priority immediately gets displaced and

4724
03:38:54,710 --> 03:38:52,479
it's now the safety of the people and

4725
03:38:55,990 --> 03:38:54,720
it's like a lot of work to put stuff

4726
03:39:02,469 --> 03:38:56,000
to keep

4727
03:39:05,190 --> 03:39:02,479
project uh not scheduled we called the

4728
03:39:08,309 --> 03:39:05,200
effort march 2020 safe at work and the

4729
03:39:09,990 --> 03:39:08,319
objective was to keep the team as safe

4730
03:39:12,389 --> 03:39:10,000
or safer

4731
03:39:13,990 --> 03:39:12,399
than they would be they were not working

4732
03:39:15,590 --> 03:39:14,000
you know putting a spacecraft together

4733
03:39:17,990 --> 03:39:15,600
that's going to mars

4734
03:39:19,590 --> 03:39:18,000
and not making a mistake it's hard no

4735
03:39:20,950 --> 03:39:19,600
matter what

4736
03:39:22,469 --> 03:39:20,960
trying to do it during the middle of the

4737
03:39:24,870 --> 03:39:22,479
pandemic it's

4738
03:39:27,110 --> 03:39:24,880
it's a lot harder

4739
03:39:28,870 --> 03:39:27,120
and liftoff

4740
03:39:30,710 --> 03:39:28,880
as the countdown to mars continue

4741
03:39:32,870 --> 03:39:30,720
perseverance of humanity launching the

4742
03:39:34,630 --> 03:39:32,880
next generation of robotic explorers to

4743
03:39:35,990 --> 03:39:34,640
the red planet

4744
03:39:37,750 --> 03:39:36,000
certainly i've never done something like

4745
03:39:39,670 --> 03:39:37,760
this before try to lead a team that's

4746
03:39:41,429 --> 03:39:39,680
flying a spacecraft on the way to mars

4747
03:39:44,150 --> 03:39:41,439
while getting ready for landing while

4748
03:39:46,389 --> 03:39:44,160
doing it all from home there's no doubt

4749
03:39:48,550 --> 03:39:46,399
that working

4750
03:39:52,790 --> 03:39:48,560
in

4751
03:39:53,990 --> 03:39:52,800
physical isolation from everyone else is

4752
03:39:55,910 --> 03:39:54,000
a challenge

4753
03:39:58,229 --> 03:39:55,920
we had to

4754
03:40:00,389 --> 03:39:58,239
rethink and redesign

4755
03:40:04,389 --> 03:40:00,399
what it meant to operate

4756
03:40:06,309 --> 03:40:04,399
a spacecraft in flight when we couldn't

4757
03:40:07,429 --> 03:40:06,319
all be in the same room in mission

4758
03:40:09,750 --> 03:40:07,439
control

4759
03:40:12,070 --> 03:40:09,760
seeing the data come down from

4760
03:40:13,990 --> 03:40:12,080
perseverance it was a major change going

4761
03:40:15,670 --> 03:40:14,000
to that you know everyone on a screen

4762
03:40:17,750 --> 03:40:15,680
instead of in person because of the

4763
03:40:19,830 --> 03:40:17,760
pandemic you can't

4764
03:40:21,910 --> 03:40:19,840
you know just pop over your cubicle wall

4765
03:40:23,510 --> 03:40:21,920
and talk to the person next to you it's

4766
03:40:25,990 --> 03:40:23,520
been a challenge to figure out how to

4767
03:40:28,070 --> 03:40:26,000
communicate and get everything done

4768
03:40:28,950 --> 03:40:28,080
remotely but we've managed to make it

4769
03:40:30,309 --> 03:40:28,960
work

4770
03:40:33,590 --> 03:40:30,319
we are

4771
03:40:37,030 --> 03:40:33,600
our job is to go into the unknown

4772
03:40:39,110 --> 03:40:37,040
and this is just another example of

4773
03:40:41,830 --> 03:40:39,120
the unknown we're really

4774
03:40:43,670 --> 03:40:41,840
doing something that's transformative

4775
03:40:45,910 --> 03:40:43,680
and trying to understand whether or not

4776
03:40:48,550 --> 03:40:45,920
life evolved on another plants the

4777
03:40:51,190 --> 03:40:48,560
fundamental objective of this mission

4778
03:40:53,750 --> 03:40:51,200
we're all still connected by this

4779
03:40:55,429 --> 03:40:53,760
incredible mission and this um this

4780
03:40:59,030 --> 03:40:55,439
wonderful team that we need to be a part

4781
03:41:00,630 --> 03:40:59,040
of so that keeps at least me going

4782
03:41:02,950 --> 03:41:00,640
pretty much everybody that i've talked

4783
03:41:05,670 --> 03:41:02,960
to that's associated with the mission

4784
03:41:07,190 --> 03:41:05,680
has has said the same thing which is you

4785
03:41:09,030 --> 03:41:07,200
could not have come up with a better

4786
03:41:11,510 --> 03:41:09,040
name than there is

4787
03:41:14,229 --> 03:41:11,520
it's an amazing serendipity we

4788
03:41:17,020 --> 03:41:14,239
get to persevere through working on

4789
03:41:17,030 --> 03:41:26,630
[Music]

4790
03:41:26,640 --> 03:41:33,590
there's a cool martian pack for you

4791
03:41:36,389 --> 03:41:35,349
well folks we're getting closer and

4792
03:41:38,950 --> 03:41:36,399
closer

4793
03:41:43,670 --> 03:41:38,960
joining us now is perseverance and city

4794
03:41:49,110 --> 03:41:46,070
does this mission

4795
03:41:51,590 --> 03:41:49,120
stay on track with unexpected challenges

4796
03:41:54,469 --> 03:41:51,600
like the pandemic

4797
03:41:57,670 --> 03:41:54,479
well it's a very ambitious mission you

4798
03:41:57,680 --> 03:42:16,630
extremely capable

4799
03:42:16,640 --> 03:43:02,150
easy

4800
03:43:10,790 --> 03:43:02,870
i

4801
03:43:12,870 --> 03:43:10,800
and uh

4802
03:43:15,590 --> 03:43:12,880
you know thanks to a lot of help

4803
03:43:18,150 --> 03:43:15,600
and matt just how large is the team that

4804
03:43:21,269 --> 03:43:18,160
worked on perseverance

4805
04:10:51,269 --> 03:43:21,279
it's a big team a couple thousand people

4806
04:10:55,429 --> 04:10:52,950
hey folks thanks for sticking with us

4807
04:10:56,229 --> 04:10:55,439
we're taking a quick break there from uh

4808
04:10:59,990 --> 04:10:56,239
from

4809
04:11:02,469 --> 04:11:00,000
control center for this particular

4810
04:11:04,550 --> 04:11:02,479
robotic mission thanks again for staying

4811
04:11:07,110 --> 04:11:04,560
with us we're bringing you live coverage

4812
04:11:09,750 --> 04:11:07,120
of the landing of the perseverance rover

4813
04:11:11,990 --> 04:11:09,760
that's scheduled to touch down in only a

4814
04:11:14,630 --> 04:11:12,000
few minutes on the surface of mars

4815
04:11:16,469 --> 04:11:14,640
waiting on confirmation that the vehicle

4816
04:11:18,630 --> 04:11:16,479
has entered the atmosphere and don't

4817
04:11:21,910 --> 04:11:18,640
forget earth and mars are a considerable

4818
04:11:24,870 --> 04:11:21,920
distance apart about 300 million miles

4819
04:11:27,189 --> 04:11:24,880
apart and at that distance it takes the

4820
04:11:30,790 --> 04:11:27,199
signal that radio signal coming from the

4821
04:11:33,830 --> 04:11:30,800
robot to reach mission control nearly 14

4822
04:11:36,790 --> 04:11:33,840
minutes so by the time we get word that

4823
04:11:39,269 --> 04:11:36,800
the robot has entered the atmosphere

4824
04:11:41,830 --> 04:11:39,279
it will already be on the surface of

4825
04:11:44,070 --> 04:11:41,840
mars so as soon as we uh as soon as we

4826
04:11:45,830 --> 04:11:44,080
have that uh that notification we'll let

4827
04:11:48,150 --> 04:11:45,840
you know now there's been a number of

4828
04:11:49,830 --> 04:11:48,160
questions that have come by and uh one

4829
04:11:52,630 --> 04:11:49,840
that keeps coming up and i want to make

4830
04:11:54,550 --> 04:11:52,640
sure that we address that before we move

4831
04:11:56,630 --> 04:11:54,560
any further question came up with

4832
04:11:58,309 --> 04:11:56,640
regards to the wheels on the rover in

4833
04:12:00,229 --> 04:11:58,319
fact one of our viewers wanted to know

4834
04:12:02,950 --> 04:12:00,239
what was the deal about the wheels why

4835
04:12:05,429 --> 04:12:02,960
why are the wheels so important this is

4836
04:12:08,309 --> 04:12:05,439
a mobile rover and again this particular

4837
04:12:10,790 --> 04:12:08,319
vehicle is huge you know spirit and

4838
04:12:13,030 --> 04:12:10,800
opportunity were the size of golf carts

4839
04:12:14,950 --> 04:12:13,040
but curiosity and now the perseverance

4840
04:12:18,070 --> 04:12:14,960
rover well they're much bigger they're

4841
04:12:20,389 --> 04:12:18,080
the size of a small suv now one of the

4842
04:12:22,309 --> 04:12:20,399
problems that we had with the curiosity

4843
04:12:24,630 --> 04:12:22,319
rover that we noticed was that the

4844
04:12:26,630 --> 04:12:24,640
wheels began to break down on the

4845
04:12:29,429 --> 04:12:26,640
vehicle it wasn't something that we had

4846
04:12:31,990 --> 04:12:29,439
anticipated and based on the performance

4847
04:12:35,349 --> 04:12:32,000
of curiosity on the surface of mars

4848
04:12:37,189 --> 04:12:35,359
we've made improvements to those wheels

4849
04:12:38,790 --> 04:12:37,199
think of it this way

4850
04:12:42,469 --> 04:12:38,800
if you're driving in your car and you

4851
04:12:45,269 --> 04:12:42,479
get a flat tire how far does it go

4852
04:12:47,429 --> 04:12:45,279
and how well does it continue to perform

4853
04:12:50,550 --> 04:12:47,439
once once one of those tires has been

4854
04:12:53,349 --> 04:12:50,560
damaged now we have multiple tire wear

4855
04:12:54,950 --> 04:12:53,359
on the curiosity rover right now those

4856
04:12:57,349 --> 04:12:54,960
rocks those boulders and again they're

4857
04:12:59,910 --> 04:12:57,359
screwing all over the surface of mars

4858
04:13:02,790 --> 04:12:59,920
those are uh those are jagged they are

4859
04:13:05,349 --> 04:13:02,800
hazardous and they continue to damage

4860
04:13:07,590 --> 04:13:05,359
those wheels and once a wheel is damaged

4861
04:13:09,750 --> 04:13:07,600
and it becomes locked up now it's not

4862
04:13:12,469 --> 04:13:09,760
helping you to move smoothly across the

4863
04:13:15,269 --> 04:13:12,479
ground it's being drug behind you now

4864
04:13:17,429 --> 04:13:15,279
the rover has six wheels that are on it

4865
04:13:19,990 --> 04:13:17,439
and those wheels have a unique boger

4866
04:13:22,630 --> 04:13:20,000
rocker system bogey rocker system that

4867
04:13:25,189 --> 04:13:22,640
allows it to move over uneven terrain

4868
04:13:27,349 --> 04:13:25,199
but once one of those wheels is damaged

4869
04:13:30,309 --> 04:13:27,359
now it's impediment now it's being drug

4870
04:13:33,030 --> 04:13:30,319
behind and it makes it harder to

4871
04:13:35,670 --> 04:13:33,040
navigate the terrain so the new wheel

4872
04:13:38,389 --> 04:13:35,680
design that that we're using on the

4873
04:13:40,389 --> 04:13:38,399
perseverance rover should perform much

4874
04:13:42,550 --> 04:13:40,399
better and that's uh that's one of the

4875
04:13:44,389 --> 04:13:42,560
key elements of it

4876
04:13:47,910 --> 04:13:44,399
now people have also been asking me

4877
04:13:50,469 --> 04:13:47,920
about the landing site as well and uh we

4878
04:13:52,870 --> 04:13:50,479
put together in fact the video is put

4879
04:13:54,950 --> 04:13:52,880
together by nasa but we found that video

4880
04:13:57,590 --> 04:13:54,960
and uh we want to take a few moments and

4881
04:13:59,830 --> 04:13:57,600
show you give you a guided tour uh an

4882
04:14:01,670 --> 04:13:59,840
animation based on some of the uh some

4883
04:14:04,229 --> 04:14:01,680
of the photographs we've received from

4884
04:14:06,309 --> 04:14:04,239
orbiting spacecraft of what that landing

4885
04:14:08,149 --> 04:14:06,319
site is going to look like give me a

4886
04:14:17,990 --> 04:14:08,159
moment we'll start that video here for

4887
04:14:20,950 --> 04:14:19,510
just when you think you've got it down

4888
04:14:26,950 --> 04:14:20,960
right don't you

4889
04:14:26,960 --> 04:14:31,590
ken foley is the lead scientist

4890
04:14:36,309 --> 04:14:33,750
and he'll narrate this uh this short

4891
04:14:40,149 --> 04:14:36,319
animation for you

4892
04:14:43,510 --> 04:14:42,309
renamed perseverance that's the name of

4893
04:15:03,189 --> 04:14:43,520
our rosary

4894
04:15:35,510 --> 04:15:06,710
and this is the voice of ken farley

4895
04:15:40,790 --> 04:15:38,710
oops looks like we lost our signal here

4896
04:15:51,030 --> 04:15:40,800
well again ken farley was uh explaining

4897
04:15:51,040 --> 04:15:58,630
looks like we lost our audio as well

4898
04:16:27,590 --> 04:16:00,149
we'll see if we can do a better job for

4899
04:16:27,600 --> 04:16:37,349
and we really lost it

4900
04:16:41,510 --> 04:16:39,110
well i apologize for that i thought that

4901
04:16:44,229 --> 04:16:41,520
we that we had that that for you ken

4902
04:16:46,309 --> 04:16:44,239
farley again was a lead scientist

4903
04:16:48,229 --> 04:16:46,319
and was involved with the

4904
04:16:50,550 --> 04:16:48,239
with the selection of the landing site

4905
04:16:52,790 --> 04:16:50,560
and it's a magnificent landing site that

4906
04:16:54,630 --> 04:16:52,800
should provide us with a lot of

4907
04:16:56,389 --> 04:16:54,640
diversity and some of the geological

4908
04:16:58,149 --> 04:16:56,399
specimens that we hope to

4909
04:17:00,309 --> 04:16:58,159
to be able to return both the rock and

4910
04:17:02,469 --> 04:17:00,319
soil samples those core samples that we

4911
04:17:06,070 --> 04:17:02,479
hope for a future mission that will be

4912
04:17:07,750 --> 04:17:06,080
able to return back to uh back to earth

4913
04:17:09,910 --> 04:17:07,760
again we hope we answered that question

4914
04:17:11,670 --> 04:17:09,920
with regards to the wheels on the

4915
04:17:13,189 --> 04:17:11,680
vehicle and the importance of those

4916
04:17:15,189 --> 04:17:13,199
wheels and how those wheels were

4917
04:17:17,189 --> 04:17:15,199
redesigned you know a lot of work is

4918
04:17:19,429 --> 04:17:17,199
being done at the at the nasa glenn

4919
04:17:22,149 --> 04:17:19,439
research center here in cleveland in the

4920
04:17:25,269 --> 04:17:22,159
slope lab where they have a an area with

4921
04:17:27,269 --> 04:17:25,279
simulated lunar and martian soil

4922
04:17:29,590 --> 04:17:27,279
technicians and engineers that are there

4923
04:17:33,189 --> 04:17:29,600
are actually working with uh with

4924
04:17:35,590 --> 04:17:33,199
potential tires for future mars rovers

4925
04:17:37,830 --> 04:17:35,600
and uh they're testing various designs

4926
04:17:40,309 --> 04:17:37,840
seeing which one works the best under a

4927
04:17:42,630 --> 04:17:40,319
variety of conditions in soil that is

4928
04:17:44,229 --> 04:17:42,640
very similar to the moon

4929
04:17:45,750 --> 04:17:44,239
and mars

4930
04:17:47,910 --> 04:17:45,760
once again that's work that's being done

4931
04:17:50,830 --> 04:17:47,920
right here in cleveland at the nasa

4932
04:17:53,429 --> 04:17:50,840
glenn research

4933
04:17:55,030 --> 04:17:53,439
center well again there's a a number of

4934
04:17:56,550 --> 04:17:55,040
things that will need to take place over

4935
04:17:59,110 --> 04:17:56,560
the course of the

4936
04:18:02,469 --> 04:17:59,120
of the next few minutes as we get closer

4937
04:18:05,269 --> 04:18:02,479
and closer to the uh to the uh to the

4938
04:18:06,790 --> 04:18:05,279
time of atmospheric entry about 10

4939
04:18:09,590 --> 04:18:06,800
minutes or so leading up to that

4940
04:18:12,149 --> 04:18:09,600
atmospheric entry the uh

4941
04:18:14,870 --> 04:18:12,159
the uh lander will shed the uh the

4942
04:18:17,030 --> 04:18:14,880
cruise stage of the vehicle that was a

4943
04:18:18,870 --> 04:18:17,040
solar rays that uh

4944
04:18:21,349 --> 04:18:18,880
that helped to power and the fuel that

4945
04:18:22,229 --> 04:18:21,359
helped to to get the spacecraft where it

4946
04:18:24,790 --> 04:18:22,239
is

4947
04:18:27,189 --> 04:18:24,800
once it begins to enter the atmosphere

4948
04:18:29,349 --> 04:18:27,199
the heat shield will begin to uh will

4949
04:18:31,830 --> 04:18:29,359
begin to heat up it will reach maximum

4950
04:18:33,830 --> 04:18:31,840
heating and also there are thruster jets

4951
04:18:36,469 --> 04:18:33,840
that are on the spacecraft itself that

4952
04:18:38,950 --> 04:18:36,479
will help to guide it uh during that

4953
04:18:41,110 --> 04:18:38,960
atmospheric entry now it'll enter the

4954
04:18:43,110 --> 04:18:41,120
atmosphere at an extremely high rate of

4955
04:18:45,750 --> 04:18:43,120
speed a little better than

4956
04:18:47,670 --> 04:18:45,760
1200 miles per hour

4957
04:18:50,070 --> 04:18:47,680
but as it enters the atmosphere the

4958
04:18:52,870 --> 04:18:50,080
blunt side of that heat shield will help

4959
04:18:55,990 --> 04:18:52,880
to slow the spacecraft down it'll get it

4960
04:18:59,429 --> 04:18:56,000
down to around 940

4961
04:19:01,349 --> 04:18:59,439
miles per hour and at that point

4962
04:19:03,670 --> 04:19:01,359
into the descent it'll be moving slow

4963
04:19:06,070 --> 04:19:03,680
enough for the supersonic parachute to

4964
04:19:09,429 --> 04:19:06,080
come out that parachute then will begin

4965
04:19:13,110 --> 04:19:09,439
to slow the spacecraft down even further

4966
04:19:15,910 --> 04:19:13,120
down to around 300 down to 200 miles per

4967
04:19:18,550 --> 04:19:15,920
hour and at that point it'll be

4968
04:19:22,070 --> 04:19:18,560
relatively close to the uh to the target

4969
04:19:23,030 --> 04:19:22,080
landing site and uh then the uh

4970
04:19:25,670 --> 04:19:23,040
the uh

4971
04:19:27,590 --> 04:19:25,680
the bottom the bottom portion of the

4972
04:19:30,790 --> 04:19:27,600
heat shield of that aerobraking shield

4973
04:19:33,349 --> 04:19:30,800
will be removed and then the cameras on

4974
04:19:35,349 --> 04:19:33,359
board the vehicle and its sensors will

4975
04:19:38,070 --> 04:19:35,359
be able to look at the surface for the

4976
04:19:42,229 --> 04:19:38,080
first time figure out where it is it has

4977
04:19:44,389 --> 04:19:42,239
uh it has in its computer memory um

4978
04:19:45,990 --> 04:19:44,399
an image of what the surface should look

4979
04:19:48,630 --> 04:19:46,000
like so we'll have to very quickly

4980
04:19:51,349 --> 04:19:48,640
figure out where it is reorient itself

4981
04:19:53,750 --> 04:19:51,359
uh in order to help guide itself down

4982
04:19:55,030 --> 04:19:53,760
uh at a certain altitude the uh the

4983
04:19:57,110 --> 04:19:55,040
parachute

4984
04:19:59,590 --> 04:19:57,120
and the aerobraking shield will be

4985
04:20:01,910 --> 04:19:59,600
released the vehicle will begin to fall

4986
04:20:04,309 --> 04:20:01,920
the jet pack will turn on and it will

4987
04:20:07,349 --> 04:20:04,319
stop that vertical descent and bring the

4988
04:20:09,910 --> 04:20:07,359
vehicle back up hold it steady and then

4989
04:20:11,510 --> 04:20:09,920
it'll slowly begin to descend once it's

4990
04:20:13,750 --> 04:20:11,520
about uh

4991
04:20:15,990 --> 04:20:13,760
once it's about 60 feet above the above

4992
04:20:16,950 --> 04:20:16,000
the martian surface altimeters will be

4993
04:20:19,590 --> 04:20:16,960
working

4994
04:20:21,349 --> 04:20:19,600
then the rover itself will be lowered

4995
04:20:23,429 --> 04:20:21,359
down from the jet pack using those

4996
04:20:25,590 --> 04:20:23,439
cables and then when the wheels touch

4997
04:20:28,469 --> 04:20:25,600
down the sensors and the wheels as soon

4998
04:20:30,550 --> 04:20:28,479
as it makes contact with the surface the

4999
04:20:32,389 --> 04:20:30,560
cables will automatically be released

5000
04:20:35,189 --> 04:20:32,399
and the jet pack will fly away so it

5001
04:20:37,269 --> 04:20:35,199
doesn't land on top of the vehicle and

5002
04:20:39,750 --> 04:20:37,279
then our rover will be safely on the

5003
04:20:41,670 --> 04:20:39,760
surface of mars it will do a quick self

5004
04:20:44,070 --> 04:20:41,680
diagnostic and then it will send a

5005
04:20:46,309 --> 04:20:44,080
signal back to uh mission control

5006
04:20:48,309 --> 04:20:46,319
letting everyone know that it's safe on

5007
04:20:51,510 --> 04:20:48,319
the surface of another world all of that

5008
04:20:54,070 --> 04:20:51,520
is coming up we're just minutes away

5009
04:20:55,510 --> 04:20:54,080
karen's in our in our studio here we're

5010
04:20:57,750 --> 04:20:55,520
going to try to take care of some of our

5011
04:21:00,870 --> 04:20:57,760
business here on this end let's go ahead

5012
04:21:33,590 --> 04:21:00,880
and rejoin the nasa telecast already in

5013
04:21:33,600 --> 04:21:37,590
thank you

5014
04:21:41,830 --> 04:21:39,030
well folks we've been dealing with that

5015
04:21:44,229 --> 04:21:41,840
winter weather here in ohio it's meant

5016
04:21:46,790 --> 04:21:44,239
that our internet service has gone down

5017
04:21:51,189 --> 04:21:46,800
from time to time hard for us to uh to

5018
04:21:51,199 --> 04:21:55,030
to keep our signal here

5019
04:22:01,349 --> 04:21:57,030
but just like nasa we're doing our best

5020
04:22:07,830 --> 04:22:05,110
and we thank you for bearing with us

5021
04:22:11,830 --> 04:22:07,840
science and space exploration why do you

5022
04:22:13,750 --> 04:22:11,840
think kids are so excited about space

5023
04:22:15,349 --> 04:22:13,760
well i know the reason i'm excited about

5024
04:22:17,269 --> 04:22:15,359
space and i think it's the same reason

5025
04:22:19,349 --> 04:22:17,279
that many others are excited about space

5026
04:22:21,910 --> 04:22:19,359
and it's that the people in the space

5027
04:22:24,229 --> 04:22:21,920
industry work to answer two of the

5028
04:22:27,189 --> 04:22:24,239
biggest questions that humans have ever

5029
04:22:29,429 --> 04:22:27,199
asked are we alone in the universe and

5030
04:22:31,830 --> 04:22:29,439
where did we all come from and by

5031
04:22:34,149 --> 04:22:31,840
sending a rover to mars we are gaining

5032
04:22:35,910 --> 04:22:34,159
evidence for the answers to these

5033
04:22:39,750 --> 04:22:35,920
questions more evidence than we ever had

5034
04:22:41,750 --> 04:22:39,760
before and i think that's so exciting

5035
04:22:43,670 --> 04:22:41,760
it is and i know you get loads of

5036
04:22:46,389 --> 04:22:43,680
interesting questions from kids have you

5037
04:22:48,790 --> 04:22:46,399
gotten any about mars specifically

5038
04:22:51,189 --> 04:22:48,800
oh my gosh yes everybody loves smarts

5039
04:22:52,630 --> 04:22:51,199
it's in movies and books and tv shows

5040
04:22:54,469 --> 04:22:52,640
and everybody loves mars so one of the

5041
04:22:56,630 --> 04:22:54,479
things that i get asked a lot is that

5042
04:22:59,030 --> 04:22:56,640
you know it's called the red planet why

5043
04:23:02,149 --> 04:22:59,040
is it red well it's red because it's

5044
04:23:04,950 --> 04:23:02,159
literally rusty the top layer of soil on

5045
04:23:07,429 --> 04:23:04,960
mars has iron oxide in it or rust and

5046
04:23:09,990 --> 04:23:07,439
rust has that brownish red color so it's

5047
04:23:12,870 --> 04:23:10,000
it's red because it's rusty and also

5048
04:23:15,269 --> 04:23:12,880
because it's red they ask is it red hot

5049
04:23:17,110 --> 04:23:15,279
is it really hot on mars and well no

5050
04:23:18,790 --> 04:23:17,120
actually it's colder than the earth it's

5051
04:23:20,229 --> 04:23:18,800
farther away from the sun so as you

5052
04:23:22,630 --> 04:23:20,239
would imagine it's a little bit colder

5053
04:23:25,269 --> 04:23:22,640
than the earth it also has a really thin

5054
04:23:27,590 --> 04:23:25,279
atmosphere so the heat that it does have

5055
04:23:29,349 --> 04:23:27,600
it has a hard time keeping in

5056
04:23:31,750 --> 04:23:29,359
and so it's a little bit colder but then

5057
04:23:34,309 --> 04:23:31,760
i also get asked what would i weigh on

5058
04:23:36,229 --> 04:23:34,319
mars that's a really fun question so on

5059
04:23:38,070 --> 04:23:36,239
mars it's a little bit smaller than the

5060
04:23:40,229 --> 04:23:38,080
earth so the gravity there is weaker

5061
04:23:41,990 --> 04:23:40,239
it's about 3 8 the gravity that we have

5062
04:23:43,990 --> 04:23:42,000
here on earth so if you weighed 100

5063
04:23:46,070 --> 04:23:44,000
pounds here on earth you weigh 38 pounds

5064
04:23:49,189 --> 04:23:46,080
on mars or 100 kilograms here on earth

5065
04:23:50,870 --> 04:23:49,199
38 kilograms on mars

5066
04:23:52,389 --> 04:23:50,880
those are all super fun i think even

5067
04:23:54,389 --> 04:23:52,399
some adults want to know the answers to

5068
04:23:56,229 --> 04:23:54,399
those questions emily

5069
04:23:58,550 --> 04:23:56,239
now why do you think it's so important

5070
04:24:01,269 --> 04:23:58,560
to educate kids about science and give

5071
04:24:04,309 --> 04:24:01,279
them that great foundation

5072
04:24:06,149 --> 04:24:04,319
well science is the language of nature

5073
04:24:08,630 --> 04:24:06,159
and learning about science and learning

5074
04:24:10,790 --> 04:24:08,640
how to think like a scientist means you

5075
04:24:13,189 --> 04:24:10,800
are learning how to systematically seek

5076
04:24:14,790 --> 04:24:13,199
out truth in the world you are learning

5077
04:24:16,469 --> 04:24:14,800
the scientific method you're learning

5078
04:24:18,469 --> 04:24:16,479
how to be a critical thinker and

5079
04:24:20,070 --> 04:24:18,479
honestly those skills are great for

5080
04:24:21,189 --> 04:24:20,080
whatever you end up wanting to do in

5081
04:24:23,030 --> 04:24:21,199
life

5082
04:24:25,349 --> 04:24:23,040
true if you want to be a scientist or an

5083
04:24:28,070 --> 04:24:25,359
opera singer that holds true what are

5084
04:24:29,110 --> 04:24:28,080
you most excited about today

5085
04:24:31,910 --> 04:24:29,120
i mean

5086
04:24:33,990 --> 04:24:31,920
humans are launching a robot to mars

5087
04:24:35,830 --> 04:24:34,000
that doesn't happen every day i think in

5088
04:24:37,910 --> 04:24:35,840
all of the hecticness that is going on

5089
04:24:40,149 --> 04:24:37,920
today and all of the nerves i just

5090
04:24:42,630 --> 04:24:40,159
everyone can take a moment to sit back

5091
04:24:44,870 --> 04:24:42,640
and remember that we live in a time when

5092
04:24:47,030 --> 04:24:44,880
humans have the ability to send a robot

5093
04:24:49,510 --> 04:24:47,040
to another planet and that is just

5094
04:24:52,309 --> 04:24:49,520
that's so cool to me

5095
04:24:54,469 --> 04:24:52,319
it is very cool emily take a deep breath

5096
04:24:55,830 --> 04:24:54,479
thanks for joining us here

5097
04:24:58,070 --> 04:24:55,840
thanks for having me

5098
04:25:01,349 --> 04:24:58,080
sending it back to you now raquel

5099
04:25:03,830 --> 04:25:01,359
thanks marina we are offering lots of

5100
04:25:06,229 --> 04:25:03,840
ways to ride along with us to mars now

5101
04:25:08,790 --> 04:25:06,239
put yourself right into the action now

5102
04:25:11,030 --> 04:25:08,800
with our perseverance photo booth you

5103
04:25:13,910 --> 04:25:11,040
can pose next to the rover place

5104
04:25:15,510 --> 04:25:13,920
yourself in our mission control and even

5105
04:25:17,750 --> 04:25:15,520
see what you might look like taking a

5106
04:25:19,670 --> 04:25:17,760
selfie on the red planet

5107
04:25:21,990 --> 04:25:19,680
there you'll also have a chance to sign

5108
04:25:24,710 --> 04:25:22,000
up to send your name to mars on nasa's

5109
04:25:26,429 --> 04:25:24,720
next flight to the red planet it's all

5110
04:25:28,309 --> 04:25:26,439
available at

5111
04:25:31,189 --> 04:25:28,319
go.nasa.gov

5112
04:25:35,189 --> 04:25:31,199
mars 2020 toolkit

5113
04:25:38,309 --> 04:25:35,199
and joining us now is jpl chief engineer

5114
04:25:40,309 --> 04:25:38,319
and landing veteran rob manning he will

5115
04:25:42,550 --> 04:25:40,319
be breaking down key moments coming up

5116
04:25:45,269 --> 04:25:42,560
and very few people know more about

5117
04:25:48,790 --> 04:25:45,279
landing on mars than rob going back to

5118
04:25:50,950 --> 04:25:48,800
the pathfinder mission in 1997

5119
04:25:52,710 --> 04:25:50,960
thanks for joining us today rob yeah

5120
04:25:55,030 --> 04:25:52,720
thank you very much rick

5121
04:25:56,229 --> 04:25:55,040
for having me here and what a wonderful

5122
04:25:58,229 --> 04:25:56,239
experience

5123
04:25:59,910 --> 04:25:58,239
what a wonderful day for a beautiful day

5124
04:26:02,309 --> 04:25:59,920
in california

5125
04:26:04,630 --> 04:26:02,319
we we're just so excited here anxious

5126
04:26:06,469 --> 04:26:04,640
worried but very hopeful

5127
04:26:08,870 --> 04:26:06,479
rob i have a question for you there is a

5128
04:26:11,590 --> 04:26:08,880
landing tradition at jpl that involves

5129
04:26:13,269 --> 04:26:11,600
eating peanuts for good luck uh can you

5130
04:26:15,910 --> 04:26:13,279
tell us how did that start

5131
04:26:18,229 --> 04:26:15,920
yes it started in the mid-1960s what

5132
04:26:20,710 --> 04:26:18,239
happened was we had a series of missions

5133
04:26:23,590 --> 04:26:20,720
that had failures the ranger program in

5134
04:26:25,830 --> 04:26:23,600
the early 1960s and one after another

5135
04:26:27,990 --> 04:26:25,840
failed and what happened was one day a

5136
04:26:29,510 --> 04:26:28,000
fellow by their dick wallace on the on

5137
04:26:31,830 --> 04:26:29,520
ranger number 7

5138
04:26:34,389 --> 04:26:31,840
on the seventh attempt decided to bring

5139
04:26:36,550 --> 04:26:34,399
peanuts to the ops area just before the

5140
04:26:38,229 --> 04:26:36,560
before the launch and guess what

5141
04:26:40,389 --> 04:26:38,239
that mission worked now we're not

5142
04:26:42,309 --> 04:26:40,399
supposed to be too super superstitious

5143
04:26:44,149 --> 04:26:42,319
we're engineers and scientists after all

5144
04:26:46,309 --> 04:26:44,159
but we love tradition and ever since

5145
04:26:47,830 --> 04:26:46,319
then before launch and before critical

5146
04:26:49,110 --> 04:26:47,840
events like enter descent landing we

5147
04:26:50,790 --> 04:26:49,120
have brought out peanuts and shared them

5148
04:26:52,950 --> 04:26:50,800
with the team and it's been really a

5149
04:26:54,710 --> 04:26:52,960
wonderful little experience and and so

5150
04:26:57,030 --> 04:26:54,720
this is something we will do we're doing

5151
04:26:58,710 --> 04:26:57,040
right now and uh and it's something that

5152
04:27:01,030 --> 04:26:58,720
we we just can't help ourselves it's

5153
04:27:03,030 --> 04:27:01,040
just part of the experience

5154
04:27:05,110 --> 04:27:03,040
well speaking of the experience how did

5155
04:27:07,269 --> 04:27:05,120
the perseverance team keep the tradition

5156
04:27:09,030 --> 04:27:07,279
alive this year well this year we're

5157
04:27:10,950 --> 04:27:09,040
passed out little package of penis to

5158
04:27:13,349 --> 04:27:10,960
the team and they can sneak a pic one

5159
04:27:15,510 --> 04:27:13,359
peanut in their mouth for uh as part of

5160
04:27:16,950 --> 04:27:15,520
to keep the tradition alive but you know

5161
04:27:19,590 --> 04:27:16,960
this is part of the covet experience but

5162
04:27:21,030 --> 04:27:19,600
we can't leave this one uh undone so

5163
04:27:24,149 --> 04:27:21,040
this is what we're doing and we're and

5164
04:27:25,830 --> 04:27:24,159
uh and this is gonna help us land safely

5165
04:27:27,510 --> 04:27:25,840
all right thanks rob i have some

5166
04:27:29,590 --> 04:27:27,520
questions for you a little later on but

5167
04:27:31,830 --> 04:27:29,600
we are heading back to swati mohan who

5168
04:27:33,990 --> 04:27:31,840
is part of the landing team she'll be

5169
04:27:36,070 --> 04:27:34,000
calling out key milestone and events as

5170
04:27:40,630 --> 04:27:36,080
they happen from mission control so

5171
04:27:44,870 --> 04:27:42,550
so right now we're still about 20

5172
04:27:47,110 --> 04:27:44,880
minutes from entry and the edl phase is

5173
04:27:48,469 --> 04:27:47,120
giving a last minute

5174
04:27:50,309 --> 04:27:48,479
um

5175
04:27:52,309 --> 04:27:50,319
confirmation of what will be

5176
04:27:54,309 --> 04:27:52,319
happening

5177
04:27:56,389 --> 04:27:54,319
in the upcoming

5178
04:27:59,189 --> 04:27:56,399
changes to the vehicle just to remind

5179
04:28:03,670 --> 04:28:02,070
and this will allow us to steer our

5180
04:28:05,189 --> 04:28:03,680
trajectory

5181
04:28:07,030 --> 04:28:05,199
as we make our way through the

5182
04:28:08,630 --> 04:28:07,040
atmosphere

5183
04:28:10,710 --> 04:28:08,640
and uh

5184
04:28:11,830 --> 04:28:10,720
this is one of the things that allowed

5185
04:28:18,469 --> 04:28:11,840
uh

5186
04:28:20,229 --> 04:28:18,479
to land where it did

5187
04:28:22,710 --> 04:28:20,239
and we're depending on the same type of

5188
04:28:26,790 --> 04:28:22,720
entry guidance this time around

5189
04:28:30,550 --> 04:28:28,630
as we make our way

5190
04:28:32,870 --> 04:28:30,560
through entry finish the

5191
04:28:34,710 --> 04:28:32,880
finish our guided entry

5192
04:28:37,110 --> 04:28:34,720
profile

5193
04:28:38,950 --> 04:28:37,120
we'll do a maneuver called heading

5194
04:28:40,070 --> 04:28:38,960
alignment where we point toward the

5195
04:28:42,070 --> 04:28:40,080
target

5196
04:28:43,750 --> 04:28:42,080
and get ready to

5197
04:28:49,269 --> 04:28:43,760
deploy the parachute

5198
04:28:51,429 --> 04:28:49,279
we need to get rid of a

5199
04:28:53,189 --> 04:28:51,439
set of balanced masses

5200
04:28:54,630 --> 04:28:53,199
that have been

5201
04:28:57,910 --> 04:28:54,640
giving us a

5202
04:29:00,389 --> 04:28:57,920
center of gravity or cg offset

5203
04:29:01,990 --> 04:29:00,399
throughout the guided entry phase

5204
04:29:02,950 --> 04:29:02,000
so these are called

5205
04:29:07,349 --> 04:29:02,960
the

5206
04:29:10,149 --> 04:29:07,359
this maneuver

5207
04:29:11,349 --> 04:29:10,159
suffer sufr or straighten up and fly

5208
04:29:14,550 --> 04:29:11,359
right

5209
04:29:16,149 --> 04:29:14,560
so we'll go ahead and eject those masses

5210
04:29:18,950 --> 04:29:16,159
when we get

5211
04:29:21,110 --> 04:29:18,960
a trigger from the gnc system

5212
04:29:23,349 --> 04:29:21,120
telling us that we're at the appropriate

5213
04:29:25,670 --> 04:29:23,359
range to the target to do so

5214
04:29:27,349 --> 04:29:25,680
as soon as we deploy those

5215
04:29:29,910 --> 04:29:27,359
we will

5216
04:29:32,070 --> 04:29:29,920
no longer have a cd offset

5217
04:29:39,189 --> 04:29:32,080
and we'll be ready to deploy the

5218
04:29:42,070 --> 04:29:40,950
right where the perseverance team is

5219
04:29:44,830 --> 04:29:42,080
sitting now

5220
04:29:48,149 --> 04:29:44,840
what's in store for them as we approach

5221
04:29:50,229 --> 04:29:48,159
landing i'm going to hold here for uh

5222
04:29:53,349 --> 04:29:50,239
prep because we're about to start that

5223
04:29:57,030 --> 04:29:55,510
copy piece 2

5224
04:29:58,790 --> 04:29:57,040
an activity please call that out when

5225
04:30:15,670 --> 04:29:58,800
it's ready

5226
04:30:20,309 --> 04:30:18,710
all right now rob uh you've been right

5227
04:30:21,510 --> 04:30:20,319
where the perseverance team is sitting

5228
04:30:23,590 --> 04:30:21,520
now uh

5229
04:30:24,950 --> 04:30:23,600
what's in store for them as we approach

5230
04:30:26,630 --> 04:30:24,960
landing

5231
04:30:28,389 --> 04:30:26,640
well this is the

5232
04:30:29,110 --> 04:30:28,399
this is the nail biting time

5233
04:30:30,550 --> 04:30:29,120
um

5234
04:30:32,309 --> 04:30:30,560
fortunately we still have ones and zeros

5235
04:30:34,389 --> 04:30:32,319
coming but very soon as we approach

5236
04:30:36,309 --> 04:30:34,399
cruise stage separation the the

5237
04:30:37,670 --> 04:30:36,319
transmitter on this rover that's been

5238
04:30:40,389 --> 04:30:37,680
we've been using all the way to get to

5239
04:30:42,149 --> 04:30:40,399
mars is going to be turned off

5240
04:30:43,590 --> 04:30:42,159
um so

5241
04:30:45,189 --> 04:30:43,600
and we will lose our ability to see ones

5242
04:30:46,469 --> 04:30:45,199
and zeros but the good thing is once the

5243
04:30:49,510 --> 04:30:46,479
cruise stage is gone there's another

5244
04:30:50,630 --> 04:30:49,520
radio that will continue transmitting uh

5245
04:30:52,309 --> 04:30:50,640
a tone

5246
04:30:53,910 --> 04:30:52,319
so that like like a flashlight that will

5247
04:30:56,070 --> 04:30:53,920
allow us to see at least see that the

5248
04:30:57,750 --> 04:30:56,080
vehicle is still on and that and then

5249
04:30:59,429 --> 04:30:57,760
and that color of that flashlight tells

5250
04:31:01,990 --> 04:30:59,439
us a little bit what state this the

5251
04:31:04,229 --> 04:31:02,000
rover's in but soon after that um it

5252
04:31:06,389 --> 04:31:04,239
won't be very long before we'll be able

5253
04:31:08,550 --> 04:31:06,399
to hear more ones and zeros coming from

5254
04:31:09,910 --> 04:31:08,560
the spacecraft um so this is a really

5255
04:31:12,309 --> 04:31:09,920
exciting time and and it's just

5256
04:31:13,910 --> 04:31:12,319
important to remind people this is a uh

5257
04:31:15,830 --> 04:31:13,920
there's a lot that can go wrong in a day

5258
04:31:17,590 --> 04:31:15,840
like today there are thousands of things

5259
04:31:19,990 --> 04:31:17,600
that have to go right

5260
04:31:22,309 --> 04:31:20,000
yeah we had success in the past landing

5261
04:31:24,309 --> 04:31:22,319
on mars you think it gets easier but it

5262
04:31:26,950 --> 04:31:24,319
really doesn't why is it still so

5263
04:31:28,550 --> 04:31:26,960
difficult well it's well because it's

5264
04:31:30,070 --> 04:31:28,560
involved thousands and thousands of

5265
04:31:31,030 --> 04:31:30,080
things hundreds of thousands of lines of

5266
04:31:34,070 --> 04:31:31,040
code

5267
04:31:36,630 --> 04:31:34,080
there there is uh there's 79 pyrotechnic

5268
04:31:43,429 --> 04:31:36,640
devices each have to work perfectly

5269
04:31:48,070 --> 04:31:46,229
and so it's you know and and so

5270
04:31:51,110 --> 04:31:48,080
and it's very easy we're human beings

5271
04:31:53,429 --> 04:31:51,120
we're not perfect mistakes can be made

5272
04:31:56,950 --> 04:31:53,439
um we each count on each other to to

5273
04:31:59,269 --> 04:31:56,960
find uh our own mistakes and and we

5274
04:32:01,910 --> 04:31:59,279
work very hard to to

5275
04:32:03,670 --> 04:32:01,920
learn from the mistakes of the past um

5276
04:32:04,550 --> 04:32:03,680
we've had many failures half remind

5277
04:32:05,990 --> 04:32:04,560
people

5278
04:32:07,750 --> 04:32:06,000
roughly half little

5279
04:32:10,790 --> 04:32:07,760
around half of the missions

5280
04:32:12,710 --> 04:32:10,800
to mars over history have failed um and

5281
04:32:14,309 --> 04:32:12,720
so it's it's it's that could happen

5282
04:32:16,469 --> 04:32:14,319
today too even though we've had a nice

5283
04:32:18,149 --> 04:32:16,479
wonderful string of successes in the

5284
04:32:21,349 --> 04:32:18,159
united states it's still

5285
04:32:23,110 --> 04:32:21,359
a a still a bit of a gamble a gamble

5286
04:32:25,670 --> 04:32:23,120
that we've we have hoped that we have we

5287
04:32:27,830 --> 04:32:25,680
have aired in the side of luck and and

5288
04:32:30,630 --> 04:32:27,840
and we've stacked the dice that stacked

5289
04:32:33,590 --> 04:32:30,640
the deck and uh loaded the dice to make

5290
04:32:35,750 --> 04:32:33,600
this thing succeed um but um if we do if

5291
04:32:36,710 --> 04:32:35,760
we do fail and something bad happens

5292
04:32:38,309 --> 04:32:36,720
today

5293
04:32:40,149 --> 04:32:38,319
i can tell you we're going to learn it

5294
04:32:41,910 --> 04:32:40,159
we'll have the data to tell us what

5295
04:32:42,630 --> 04:32:41,920
happened we'll know why we'll figure it

5296
04:32:44,550 --> 04:32:42,640
out

5297
04:32:46,630 --> 04:32:44,560
and and if we

5298
04:32:48,469 --> 04:32:46,640
are allowed we will pick ourselves up

5299
04:32:51,030 --> 04:32:48,479
and get us back on the horse

5300
04:32:52,309 --> 04:32:51,040
and if congress and nasa allow we will

5301
04:32:54,070 --> 04:32:52,319
try again

5302
04:32:55,269 --> 04:32:54,080
as we always do we will learn from our

5303
04:32:55,990 --> 04:32:55,279
mistakes

5304
04:32:58,229 --> 04:32:56,000
and

5305
04:32:59,990 --> 04:32:58,239
what are the possible scenarios we could

5306
04:33:01,110 --> 04:33:00,000
be looking at today

5307
04:33:03,110 --> 04:33:01,120
well there's

5308
04:33:03,910 --> 04:33:03,120
things things like uh you know one of

5309
04:33:05,670 --> 04:33:03,920
the key

5310
04:33:08,070 --> 04:33:05,680
stressful elements for all of us is

5311
04:33:09,670 --> 04:33:08,080
parachute inflation uh but just even

5312
04:33:11,510 --> 04:33:09,680
separating from the cruise stage is a

5313
04:33:13,830 --> 04:33:11,520
pretty major event lots of devices have

5314
04:33:16,470 --> 04:33:13,840
to work properly um certainly on the

5315
04:33:18,310 --> 04:33:16,480
heat shield separation again getting the

5316
04:33:19,990 --> 04:33:18,320
descent engine started there's no less

5317
04:33:22,551 --> 04:33:20,000
than than uh uh

5318
04:33:23,670 --> 04:33:22,561
16 and rocket motors that have to work

5319
04:33:25,830 --> 04:33:23,680
uh one two

5320
04:33:28,150 --> 04:33:25,840
eight to control during entry another

5321
04:33:29,990 --> 04:33:28,160
eight to control it during landing i

5322
04:33:32,150 --> 04:33:30,000
said it's a lot of stuff it all has to

5323
04:33:34,629 --> 04:33:32,160
work and guess what we haven't done this

5324
04:33:37,109 --> 04:33:34,639
before with this vehicle ever this is

5325
04:33:39,510 --> 04:33:37,119
this first attempt to actually land we

5326
04:33:41,109 --> 04:33:39,520
can't try this on earth we can't do we

5327
04:33:43,429 --> 04:33:41,119
don't have test pilots and try it out on

5328
04:33:44,709 --> 04:33:43,439
this planet before the big show so this

5329
04:33:46,070 --> 04:33:44,719
vehicle is doing it for the first time

5330
04:33:48,390 --> 04:33:46,080
we've done the best testing we can do in

5331
04:33:50,949 --> 04:33:48,400
bits and pieces but you know it's it's

5332
04:33:52,949 --> 04:33:50,959
as best as we can do and and uh but i

5333
04:33:54,869 --> 04:33:52,959
think our team is up to it we've this

5334
04:33:57,189 --> 04:33:54,879
team is the best it's a diverse

5335
04:33:58,629 --> 04:33:57,199
intelligent amazing group of people uh

5336
04:34:00,070 --> 04:33:58,639
people from all over the world who

5337
04:34:01,910 --> 04:34:00,080
worked on this not just here in

5338
04:34:04,551 --> 04:34:01,920
california but all over nasa

5339
04:34:06,949 --> 04:34:04,561
contributors from aerospace universities

5340
04:34:08,551 --> 04:34:06,959
countries around the world it is just an

5341
04:34:10,470 --> 04:34:08,561
incredible remarkable engineering

5342
04:34:12,310 --> 04:34:10,480
achievement and i am just so proud of

5343
04:34:14,551 --> 04:34:12,320
this team

5344
04:34:18,310 --> 04:34:14,561
thanks rob now let's listen back into

5345
04:34:22,869 --> 04:34:21,590
right you're about 14 minutes from entry

5346
04:34:24,551 --> 04:34:22,879
interface

5347
04:34:27,109 --> 04:34:24,561
the vehicle is

5348
04:34:29,510 --> 04:34:27,119
currently preparing the heat rejection

5349
04:34:30,949 --> 04:34:29,520
system that has kept the thermal system

5350
04:34:32,709 --> 04:34:30,959
cool inside the aeroshell for about the

5351
04:34:35,109 --> 04:34:32,719
last six months this will allow the

5352
04:35:01,349 --> 04:34:35,119
stiff cuff to more easily cut the line

5353
04:35:05,670 --> 04:35:03,189
with the pyrotechnic system working we

5354
04:35:06,869 --> 04:35:05,680
can you can we can explode the devices

5355
04:35:09,510 --> 04:35:06,879
the vehicle is preparing for the

5356
04:35:12,070 --> 04:35:09,520
upcoming cruise stage duration in about

5357
04:35:14,551 --> 04:35:12,080
3 minutes 15 seconds

5358
04:35:17,109 --> 04:35:14,561
by powering off all the devices on the

5359
04:35:23,349 --> 04:35:17,119
cruise stage in order that take me safe

5360
04:35:27,910 --> 04:35:25,429
yeah this is a this is uh this three

5361
04:35:30,470 --> 04:35:27,920
stage has been very reliable

5362
04:35:33,510 --> 04:35:30,480
we are firing our first pyros to event

5363
04:35:35,269 --> 04:35:33,520
the hrs liquid and gas

5364
04:35:36,629 --> 04:35:35,279
ah this has been the coolant because we

5365
04:35:38,470 --> 04:35:36,639
kept their vehicle from getting too hot

5366
04:35:43,590 --> 04:35:38,480
in the way of mars

5367
04:35:47,590 --> 04:35:46,070
and so this is one of the first uh major

5368
04:35:48,830 --> 04:35:47,600
events that take place as part of entry

5369
04:35:52,390 --> 04:35:48,840
descent

5370
04:35:54,070 --> 04:35:52,400
landing transvent acre is complete

5371
04:35:59,429 --> 04:35:54,080
we will see the next anchor in

5372
04:36:04,390 --> 04:36:01,510
okay we are currently 12 and a half

5373
04:36:06,470 --> 04:36:04,400
minutes from entry interface we are

5374
04:36:10,789 --> 04:36:06,480
coming up on cruise stage separation in

5375
04:36:14,789 --> 04:36:13,029
what's happening now rob

5376
04:36:15,990 --> 04:36:14,799
okay we'll just we're just waiting the

5377
04:36:18,310 --> 04:36:16,000
the

5378
04:36:19,750 --> 04:36:18,320
rover is completely in charge it's doing

5379
04:36:21,189 --> 04:36:19,760
all the things we've taught it how to do

5380
04:36:23,510 --> 04:36:21,199
it's all built into the software we've

5381
04:36:26,629 --> 04:36:23,520
tested it over and over and over again

5382
04:36:29,189 --> 04:36:26,639
this team has spent 24 hours a day seven

5383
04:36:31,750 --> 04:36:29,199
days a week testing this thing for years

5384
04:36:33,830 --> 04:36:31,760
and and and so this is uh this is really

5385
04:36:36,070 --> 04:36:33,840
the culmination of all that work so this

5386
04:36:37,910 --> 04:36:36,080
vehicle is is gonna is getting ready to

5387
04:36:40,789 --> 04:36:37,920
push that cruise stage away

5388
04:36:42,869 --> 04:36:40,799
uh once it gets pushed away um it it

5389
04:36:44,949 --> 04:36:42,879
the entry system with the rover inside

5390
04:36:47,590 --> 04:36:44,959
with the rover is still in charge it's

5391
04:36:49,670 --> 04:36:47,600
to get ready to take the vehicle turn it

5392
04:36:52,629 --> 04:36:49,680
to the right orientation and aim it to

5393
04:36:58,310 --> 04:36:52,639
mars and and uh and prepare for entering

5394
04:37:02,150 --> 04:37:00,470
this won't be long

5395
04:37:04,390 --> 04:37:02,160
um be prepared for this event taking

5396
04:37:07,189 --> 04:37:04,400
about a minute and a half from mistake

5397
04:37:10,949 --> 04:37:07,199
to separation about 11 minutes 20

5398
04:37:14,869 --> 04:37:13,189
okay so it's about 10 minutes from

5399
04:37:16,869 --> 04:37:14,879
cruising separation until it enters the

5400
04:37:18,390 --> 04:37:16,879
top of the atmosphere from then on and

5401
04:37:23,830 --> 04:37:18,400
out things happen

5402
04:37:27,990 --> 04:37:25,429
telecom is confirming that the

5403
04:37:30,789 --> 04:37:28,000
spacecraft has switched to broadcasting

5404
04:37:33,269 --> 04:37:30,799
tones these tones are received directly

5405
04:37:36,150 --> 04:37:33,279
from perseverance but have very limited

5406
04:37:40,310 --> 04:37:36,160
information content we won't receive

5407
04:37:42,230 --> 04:37:40,320
real-time information until about

5408
04:37:44,949 --> 04:37:42,240
9-10 minutes from now once the mars

5409
04:37:46,789 --> 04:37:44,959
reconnaissance orbiter starts relaying

5410
04:37:48,551 --> 04:37:46,799
information from perseverance

5411
04:37:50,629 --> 04:37:48,561
we are under a minute from cruise stage

5412
04:37:53,670 --> 04:37:50,639
separation about ten and a half minutes

5413
04:37:57,429 --> 04:37:55,590
it's getting exciting i have to admit i

5414
04:37:59,510 --> 04:37:57,439
am quite anxious

5415
04:38:00,869 --> 04:37:59,520
uh but very hopeful this machine is

5416
04:38:02,949 --> 04:38:00,879
going to do what we have seen the

5417
04:38:04,789 --> 04:38:02,959
heartbeat terms

5418
04:38:06,230 --> 04:38:04,799
okay that means that there's no more

5419
04:38:17,590 --> 04:38:06,240
ones and zeros coming it's just the

5420
04:38:21,990 --> 04:38:19,510
they're continuing to receive tones from

5421
04:38:42,629 --> 04:38:22,000
perseverance coming standing by for

5422
04:38:46,230 --> 04:38:44,230
i have indication that cruise stage

5423
04:38:51,429 --> 04:38:46,240
separation has been confirmed by the

5424
04:38:55,670 --> 04:38:53,910
we're off on a good start in one minute

5425
04:38:57,510 --> 04:38:55,680
press advances landing software will

5426
04:39:00,470 --> 04:38:57,520
wake up and begin the final preparations

5427
04:39:02,949 --> 04:39:00,480
for entry the first action it will do is

5428
04:39:05,109 --> 04:39:02,959
to fire warm-up pulses with the entry

5429
04:39:07,189 --> 04:39:05,119
thrusters these pulses ensure that the

5430
04:39:09,029 --> 04:39:07,199
spacecraft gets the thrust that it wants

5431
04:39:10,150 --> 04:39:09,039
during entry interface

5432
04:39:17,349 --> 04:39:10,160
we're about

5433
04:39:20,789 --> 04:39:19,269
okay so now the vehicle's on its own

5434
04:39:22,551 --> 04:39:20,799
it's gonna it's turning itself into the

5435
04:39:23,990 --> 04:39:22,561
direction of facing the heat shield

5436
04:39:26,949 --> 04:39:24,000
toward mars

5437
04:39:28,551 --> 04:39:26,959
and uh and we'll eventually uh

5438
04:39:30,551 --> 04:39:28,561
uh hitting the top of the atmosphere

5439
04:39:38,708 --> 04:39:30,561
we're not far away this is gonna go very

5440
04:39:43,430 --> 04:39:40,628
that's confirmation that uh we got

5441
04:39:44,708 --> 04:39:43,440
shadowed by the crew stage

5442
04:39:49,190 --> 04:39:44,718
as it

5443
04:39:53,910 --> 04:39:51,430
telecom indicated actually that we could

5444
04:39:55,190 --> 04:39:53,920
see a signal that the crew stage went

5445
04:39:57,510 --> 04:39:55,200
between

5446
04:39:59,590 --> 04:39:57,520
the perseverance engine capsule and

5447
04:40:01,270 --> 04:39:59,600
earth so we saw a little blip

5448
04:40:02,390 --> 04:40:01,280
uh

5449
04:40:06,550 --> 04:40:02,400
the data stream

5450
04:40:10,230 --> 04:40:08,550
we have confirmation that the vehicle

5451
04:40:11,750 --> 04:40:10,240
has started warming up those entry

5452
04:40:21,350 --> 04:40:11,760
thrusters

5453
04:40:27,110 --> 04:40:23,990
at this point the spacecraft is trying

5454
04:40:29,430 --> 04:40:27,120
to stop its spin from the cruise two

5455
04:40:31,270 --> 04:40:29,440
revolutions per minute down to zero

5456
04:40:33,750 --> 04:40:31,280
and then we'll turn to its desired

5457
04:40:35,030 --> 04:40:33,760
orientation from entry

5458
04:40:37,110 --> 04:40:35,040
it will

5459
04:40:39,030 --> 04:40:37,120
separate the two balanced maps that have

5460
04:40:40,550 --> 04:40:39,040
kept it balanced during all of cruise

5461
04:40:41,750 --> 04:40:40,560
this will allow the entry capsule to

5462
04:40:44,310 --> 04:40:41,760
have lift

5463
04:40:45,510 --> 04:40:44,320
when it enters the atmosphere the

5464
04:40:47,990 --> 04:40:45,520
competition

5465
04:40:50,390 --> 04:40:48,000
has turned to the desire

5466
04:40:51,910 --> 04:40:50,400
entry attitude

5467
04:40:57,190 --> 04:40:51,920
we are about seven and a half minutes

5468
04:41:00,470 --> 04:40:59,270
okay the vehicle is pointed in the right

5469
04:41:01,670 --> 04:41:00,480
direction

5470
04:41:03,910 --> 04:41:01,680
thrusters are

5471
04:41:05,190 --> 04:41:03,920
warmed up and doing their job

5472
04:41:07,430 --> 04:41:05,200
and now

5473
04:41:08,948 --> 04:41:07,440
we've spun down from

5474
04:41:10,550 --> 04:41:08,958
two revolutions per minute that the

5475
04:41:13,110 --> 04:41:10,560
vehicle had the whole way to all the way

5476
04:41:15,030 --> 04:41:13,120
to mars is a spin stabilized spacecraft

5477
04:41:17,030 --> 04:41:15,040
and then from here on out it's going to

5478
04:41:19,030 --> 04:41:17,040
just be a bullet and it's going to

5479
04:41:21,830 --> 04:41:19,040
control its orient orientation and

5480
04:41:23,590 --> 04:41:21,840
attitude via rockets on the back of that

5481
04:41:24,830 --> 04:41:23,600
points carrier lock

5482
04:41:28,628 --> 04:41:24,840
that's

5483
04:41:31,910 --> 04:41:28,638
right dte from radio science from uh

5484
04:41:38,470 --> 04:41:31,920
green bank reports carrier log

5485
04:41:42,868 --> 04:41:40,868
flight level one

5486
04:41:45,750 --> 04:41:42,878
we are continuing to wait for entry

5487
04:41:47,990 --> 04:41:45,760
interface for about six minutes and 45

5488
04:41:50,550 --> 04:41:48,000
seconds from entry interface

5489
04:41:56,708 --> 04:41:50,560
we have confirmation from uh greenback

5490
04:41:59,990 --> 04:41:57,670
the

5491
04:42:02,070 --> 04:42:00,000
spacecraft perseverance is currently

5492
04:42:04,150 --> 04:42:02,080
transmitting heartbeat tones

5493
04:42:06,708 --> 04:42:04,160
these sounds indicate that perseverance

5494
04:42:10,628 --> 04:42:06,718
is operating normally and has nothing

5495
04:42:14,390 --> 04:42:12,390
just as expected

5496
04:42:23,270 --> 04:42:14,400
we're currently just over six minutes

5497
04:42:31,750 --> 04:42:24,868
okay

5498
04:42:35,670 --> 04:42:33,030
as soon as we get to the top of the

5499
04:42:37,670 --> 04:42:35,680
atmosphere the atm will be very quickly

5500
04:42:40,550 --> 04:42:37,680
which is the entry point it won't be

5501
04:42:42,230 --> 04:42:40,560
very long before the the atmosphere will

5502
04:42:44,310 --> 04:42:42,240
start getting thicker and thicker it's

5503
04:42:45,910 --> 04:42:44,320
going very quickly at a fairly steep

5504
04:42:47,350 --> 04:42:45,920
angle of 15 degrees

5505
04:42:49,670 --> 04:42:47,360
into the atmosphere and it starts to

5506
04:42:51,350 --> 04:42:49,680
slow down just under

5507
04:42:52,868 --> 04:42:51,360
about five and a half minutes from entry

5508
04:42:55,350 --> 04:42:52,878
interface

5509
04:42:57,030 --> 04:42:55,360
we're still receiving heartbeat tones

5510
04:42:58,948 --> 04:42:57,040
we expect to continue receiving

5511
04:43:00,230 --> 04:42:58,958
heartbeat tones until about five minutes

5512
04:43:02,310 --> 04:43:00,240
after entry

5513
04:43:04,230 --> 04:43:02,320
at that time perseverance will be no

5514
04:43:05,190 --> 04:43:04,240
longer in view of our antennas here on

5515
04:43:08,230 --> 04:43:05,200
earth

5516
04:43:10,470 --> 04:43:08,240
about 90 seconds prior to entry the mars

5517
04:43:12,868 --> 04:43:10,480
reconnaissance orbiter should begin

5518
04:43:14,948 --> 04:43:12,878
receiving telemetry from perseverance

5519
04:43:16,150 --> 04:43:14,958
and streaming it to earth in near real

5520
04:43:19,430 --> 04:43:16,160
time

5521
04:43:21,670 --> 04:43:19,440
there are a few expected short outages

5522
04:43:24,550 --> 04:43:21,680
such as when we have a plasma back out

5523
04:43:26,310 --> 04:43:24,560
or when we enter the peak heating phase

5524
04:43:28,550 --> 04:43:26,320
aside from these outages caused by the

5525
04:43:30,788 --> 04:43:28,560
plasma blackout antenna switching or

5526
04:43:33,030 --> 04:43:30,798
high dynamic events space type events we

5527
04:43:34,070 --> 04:43:33,040
should have telemetry until about 90

5528
04:43:34,948 --> 04:43:34,080
seconds

5529
04:43:36,708 --> 04:43:34,958
after

5530
04:43:38,310 --> 04:43:36,718
landing

5531
04:43:39,990 --> 04:43:38,320
comprising blackout

5532
04:43:42,788 --> 04:43:40,000
is

5533
04:43:45,350 --> 04:43:42,798
strong enough to make it through the

5534
04:43:47,350 --> 04:43:45,360
superheated super fast air flowing

5535
04:43:49,190 --> 04:43:47,360
around the spacecraft all the way down

5536
04:43:51,110 --> 04:43:49,200
to hertz once the temperature drops

5537
04:43:53,030 --> 04:43:51,120
below that peak heating we do reacquire

5538
04:43:54,708 --> 04:43:53,040
the signal from perseverance

5539
04:43:57,430 --> 04:43:54,718
we are currently about four and a half

5540
04:43:59,030 --> 04:43:57,440
minutes from entry interface

5541
04:44:00,948 --> 04:43:59,040
perseverance continues to report

5542
04:44:03,510 --> 04:44:00,958
heartbeat sounds indicating everything

5543
04:44:04,390 --> 04:44:03,520
is nominal

5544
04:44:06,230 --> 04:44:04,400
okay

5545
04:44:08,230 --> 04:44:06,240
what we wait what we're looking for now

5546
04:44:11,030 --> 04:44:08,240
is where mars reconnaissance orbiter

5547
04:44:13,030 --> 04:44:11,040
should be in view soon of our vehicle

5548
04:44:14,948 --> 04:44:13,040
and be able to listen to ones and zeros

5549
04:44:16,310 --> 04:44:14,958
coming from a separate radio that's

5550
04:44:17,510 --> 04:44:16,320
really designed to talk between

5551
04:44:19,110 --> 04:44:17,520
spacecraft

5552
04:44:20,628 --> 04:44:19,120
camera reports the electric radio is

5553
04:44:22,470 --> 04:44:20,638
powered on ready to receive signals from

5554
04:44:25,110 --> 04:44:22,480
the lander okay

5555
04:44:27,430 --> 04:44:25,120
the mro is ready unless enabled and

5556
04:44:29,350 --> 04:44:27,440
waiting for the to hear from our

5557
04:44:31,670 --> 04:44:29,360
constance's orbiter has reported that

5558
04:44:34,708 --> 04:44:31,680
it's ready to receive the signal from

5559
04:44:37,510 --> 04:44:34,718
perseverance it should be in a few

5560
04:44:41,750 --> 04:44:37,520
minutes here we're just light level one

5561
04:44:45,430 --> 04:44:43,510
four minutes away from landing folks

5562
04:44:48,550 --> 04:44:45,440
four minutes we don't need these ones

5563
04:44:51,190 --> 04:44:48,560
and zeros as swati said um but to land

5564
04:44:51,990 --> 04:44:51,200
safely but we really need it for our own

5565
04:44:53,590 --> 04:44:52,000
uh

5566
04:44:56,230 --> 04:44:53,600
health and well-being today to keep our

5567
04:44:58,550 --> 04:44:56,240
nerves in control around this time a

5568
04:45:00,708 --> 04:44:58,560
second spacecraft maven should begin

5569
04:45:02,390 --> 04:45:00,718
picking up telemetry from perseverance

5570
04:45:04,390 --> 04:45:02,400
and will continue to record that

5571
04:45:05,350 --> 04:45:04,400
telemetry until several minutes post

5572
04:45:08,150 --> 04:45:05,360
landing

5573
04:45:10,470 --> 04:45:08,160
we won't get that data for several hours

5574
04:45:13,830 --> 04:45:10,480
after landing as it's being recorded and

5575
04:45:15,910 --> 04:45:13,840
then will be forwarded to earth later

5576
04:45:16,868 --> 04:45:15,920
we are continuing to receive heartbeat

5577
04:45:18,628 --> 04:45:16,878
tones

5578
04:45:21,190 --> 04:45:18,638
indicating that everything is nominal

5579
04:45:23,510 --> 04:45:21,200
we're currently at about three minutes

5580
04:45:25,350 --> 04:45:23,520
until entry interface

5581
04:45:26,868 --> 04:45:25,360
so far so good we're about three and a

5582
04:45:29,910 --> 04:45:26,878
half minutes away from entering the

5583
04:45:31,510 --> 04:45:29,920
martian atmosphere

5584
04:45:33,670 --> 04:45:31,520
very soon we'll be getting ones and

5585
04:45:38,230 --> 04:45:33,680
zeroes i hope from our radio on the

5586
04:45:42,470 --> 04:45:39,750
making sure that we can establish

5587
04:45:45,590 --> 04:45:42,480
communications all throughout the uh

5588
04:45:47,350 --> 04:45:45,600
throughout the descent as long as we can

5589
04:45:49,030 --> 04:45:47,360
is nothing more than just an arbitrary

5590
04:45:50,470 --> 04:45:49,040
place in the sky that we've defined be

5591
04:45:52,788 --> 04:45:50,480
above the atmosphere

5592
04:45:55,990 --> 04:45:52,798
but once a vehicle enters the atmosphere

5593
04:46:00,150 --> 04:45:56,000
ionized gas as it enters the atmosphere

5594
04:46:06,868 --> 04:46:02,948
will transmit heartbeat tones indicating

5595
04:46:08,390 --> 04:46:06,878
everything is phenomenal

5596
04:46:09,910 --> 04:46:08,400
so far so good

5597
04:46:11,430 --> 04:46:09,920
so the tones can tell us whether

5598
04:46:13,910 --> 04:46:11,440
something's bad or not is happening so

5599
04:46:16,150 --> 04:46:13,920
so far the heartbeat is doing well so

5600
04:46:18,628 --> 04:46:16,160
the vehicle thinks it's how it's in good

5601
04:46:31,910 --> 04:46:18,638
shape to land

5602
04:46:35,830 --> 04:46:33,750
just a little over two minutes away from

5603
04:46:38,070 --> 04:46:35,840
atmospheric entry and again once it

5604
04:46:40,230 --> 04:46:38,080
enters the atmosphere

5605
04:46:42,070 --> 04:46:40,240
spacecraft will use drag to help it slow

5606
04:46:44,628 --> 04:46:42,080
down pressure is actually being pulled

5607
04:46:47,670 --> 04:46:44,638
in by gravity and accelerating by the

5608
04:46:50,470 --> 04:46:47,680
time cartridge reaches entry interface

5609
04:46:52,390 --> 04:46:50,480
so you should be going just under 5.4

5610
04:46:54,150 --> 04:46:52,400
kilometers per second

5611
04:46:56,788 --> 04:46:54,160
we're at about

5612
04:46:58,708 --> 04:46:56,798
90 seconds from entry interface and

5613
04:47:00,230 --> 04:46:58,718
standing by for mars reconnaissance

5614
04:47:03,510 --> 04:47:00,240
orbiter to pick up

5615
04:47:06,708 --> 04:47:05,430
now up until this point the vehicle has

5616
04:47:09,430 --> 04:47:06,718
been using

5617
04:47:11,510 --> 04:47:09,440
uh small thrusters in its back shell to

5618
04:47:14,070 --> 04:47:11,520
reorient itself to make sure that the

5619
04:47:28,150 --> 04:47:14,080
heat shield is in the proper orientation

5620
04:47:38,708 --> 04:47:30,070
mission controllers anxiously looking

5621
04:47:54,150 --> 04:47:41,270
one minute until the vehicle enters the

5622
04:47:54,160 --> 04:48:01,420
is

5623
04:48:01,430 --> 04:48:06,868
[Music]

5624
04:48:06,878 --> 04:48:15,510
above the surface of mars

5625
04:48:21,510 --> 04:48:17,510
one chance to get it right 15 seconds

5626
04:48:21,520 --> 04:48:33,430
five

5627
04:48:37,590 --> 04:48:35,990
here we go folks

5628
04:48:44,708 --> 04:48:37,600
beginning to enter the martian

5629
04:48:50,230 --> 04:48:47,670
i have confirmation of victory interface

5630
04:48:58,470 --> 04:48:50,240
pressure is currently going i made 3d

5631
04:49:02,470 --> 04:49:00,470
so as a spacecraft enters the atmosphere

5632
04:49:05,270 --> 04:49:02,480
the drag producer will dramatically slow

5633
04:49:07,030 --> 04:49:05,280
it down but these forces also heat up

5634
04:49:11,750 --> 04:49:07,040
the spacecraft as well that's why that

5635
04:49:16,230 --> 04:49:14,070
once there is enough atmosphere it will

5636
04:49:20,310 --> 04:49:16,240
start controlling its path to the

5637
04:49:25,830 --> 04:49:22,868
peak heating happens about 90 seconds

5638
04:49:27,670 --> 04:49:25,840
about 80 to 90 seconds after atmosphere

5639
04:49:29,190 --> 04:49:27,680
we can see a little bit

5640
04:49:30,788 --> 04:49:29,200
slow down

5641
04:49:35,190 --> 04:49:30,798
of

5642
04:49:35,200 --> 04:49:36,230
our test anti-capsule

5643
04:49:42,070 --> 04:49:39,270
is about 5.26

5644
04:49:45,670 --> 04:49:42,080
kilometers per second and it helps about

5645
04:49:47,830 --> 04:49:45,680
seven kilometers from the surface

5646
04:49:50,310 --> 04:49:47,840
at peak heating the

5647
04:49:52,868 --> 04:49:50,320
external surface of the heat shield will

5648
04:49:54,868 --> 04:49:52,878
reach temperatures in excess of two

5649
04:49:59,430 --> 04:49:54,878
thousand three hundred and seventy

5650
04:50:04,150 --> 04:50:00,948
turns right now

5651
04:50:04,160 --> 04:50:07,510
president

5652
04:50:10,470 --> 04:50:09,670
we have indications that conference is

5653
04:50:12,550 --> 04:50:10,480
now

5654
04:50:15,510 --> 04:50:12,560
performing bank reversals in the

5655
04:50:17,350 --> 04:50:15,520
atmosphere these are the steps in order

5656
04:50:20,868 --> 04:50:17,360
to control the

5657
04:50:23,190 --> 04:50:20,878
distance to the landing target

5658
04:50:25,510 --> 04:50:23,200
uh president this is passed through the

5659
04:50:28,708 --> 04:50:25,520
point of maximum deceleration and has

5660
04:50:29,830 --> 04:50:28,718
indicated that it felt approximately

5661
04:50:36,868 --> 04:50:29,840
10

5662
04:50:41,190 --> 04:50:39,510
next major milestone will be parachute

5663
04:50:42,868 --> 04:50:41,200
deployment

5664
04:50:45,110 --> 04:50:42,878
of the eu

5665
04:50:46,948 --> 04:50:45,120
from mars reconnaissance earth

5666
04:50:49,510 --> 04:50:46,958
that peak eating phase

5667
04:50:51,190 --> 04:50:49,520
likely caused by

5668
04:50:53,270 --> 04:50:51,200
perseverance is still continuing to

5669
04:50:55,670 --> 04:50:53,280
perform things reversals in the

5670
04:50:56,708 --> 04:50:55,680
atmosphere to control

5671
04:51:13,350 --> 04:50:56,718
its just

5672
04:51:17,430 --> 04:51:16,550
is going about one kilometers per second

5673
04:51:19,830 --> 04:51:17,440
at

5674
04:51:21,510 --> 04:51:19,840
an altitude of 16 kilometers from the

5675
04:51:23,990 --> 04:51:21,520
surface of mars

5676
04:51:26,470 --> 04:51:24,000
we have enz heading alignment

5677
04:51:29,590 --> 04:51:26,480
which means customs is no longer trying

5678
04:51:31,830 --> 04:51:29,600
to control the distance to mars but in

5679
04:51:32,708 --> 04:51:31,840
to the target on mars but instead it's

5680
04:51:36,948 --> 04:51:32,718
flying

5681
04:51:41,590 --> 04:51:39,270
so we're coming back now that the

5682
04:51:43,990 --> 04:51:41,600
spacecraft is

5683
04:51:50,628 --> 04:51:44,000
is on target

5684
04:51:54,708 --> 04:51:52,628
as it enters the atmosphere pockets of

5685
04:51:57,190 --> 04:51:54,718
air can nudge it a little bit

5686
04:51:59,270 --> 04:51:57,200
off course so it's firing thrusters

5687
04:52:01,830 --> 04:51:59,280
during this descent from the back shell

5688
04:52:03,830 --> 04:52:01,840
to the shut to uh

5689
04:52:06,390 --> 04:52:03,840
to direct its uh it's

5690
04:52:09,110 --> 04:52:06,400
its trajectory through this descent so

5691
04:52:11,350 --> 04:52:09,120
far everything is on

5692
04:52:23,750 --> 04:52:11,360
and target meters per second

5693
04:52:28,310 --> 04:52:26,390
we are coming up on this

5694
04:52:29,670 --> 04:52:28,320
we are starting to tighten up and fly

5695
04:52:32,150 --> 04:52:29,680
right maneuver

5696
04:52:34,230 --> 04:52:32,160
where the fist will jettison the entry

5697
04:52:36,550 --> 04:52:34,240
balance process in preparation for

5698
04:52:40,788 --> 04:52:36,560
persons deploy and pull over to give the

5699
04:52:45,750 --> 04:52:43,110
straighten up and fly right gonna

5700
04:52:46,948 --> 04:52:45,760
lose a little ballast on the spacecraft

5701
04:52:48,550 --> 04:52:46,958
and we are seeing significant

5702
04:52:50,628 --> 04:52:48,560
deceleration

5703
04:52:53,430 --> 04:52:50,638
in the velocity our current velocity is

5704
04:52:55,190 --> 04:52:53,440
450 meters per second at an altitude of

5705
04:52:56,628 --> 04:52:55,200
about 12 kilometers from the surface of

5706
04:52:59,990 --> 04:52:56,638
mars

5707
04:53:01,830 --> 04:53:00,000
once again parachute has been deployed

5708
04:53:05,110 --> 04:53:01,840
heat shield has separated from the

5709
04:53:09,350 --> 04:53:06,948
working on a radar lock now that's the

5710
04:53:11,190 --> 04:53:09,360
next major milestone

5711
04:53:12,550 --> 04:53:11,200
and the heat shield has been separated

5712
04:53:14,230 --> 04:53:12,560
this allows

5713
04:53:16,390 --> 04:53:14,240
both the radar and the cameras to get

5714
04:53:19,350 --> 04:53:16,400
their first look at the surface current

5715
04:53:21,910 --> 04:53:19,360
velocity is 145 meters dependent and an

5716
04:53:25,270 --> 04:53:21,920
altitude of about 10 km nine and a half

5717
04:53:25,280 --> 04:53:29,350
so just a little under seven miles

5718
04:53:36,550 --> 04:53:31,990
parachute came out and its velocity was

5719
04:53:51,270 --> 04:53:36,560
right around 940 miles per hour

5720
04:53:56,868 --> 04:53:53,750
outstanding next major milestone has

5721
04:53:58,150 --> 04:53:56,878
been achieved it has radar lock it sees

5722
04:53:59,670 --> 04:53:58,160
where it's at

5723
04:54:05,430 --> 04:53:59,680
and it's guiding itself to where it

5724
04:54:10,070 --> 04:54:08,230
[Music]

5725
04:54:12,310 --> 04:54:10,080
and subsequently the timing of the

5726
04:54:14,550 --> 04:54:12,320
landing engines our current velocity is

5727
04:54:18,550 --> 04:54:14,560
about 90 meters per second

5728
04:54:22,708 --> 04:54:18,560
at an altitude of 4.2 kilometers

5729
04:54:23,910 --> 04:54:22,718
outstanding we're right on track

5730
04:54:26,628 --> 04:54:23,920
we have confirmation that the land

5731
04:54:31,270 --> 04:54:26,638
division has produced a valid solution

5732
04:54:34,550 --> 04:54:33,110
so at this point the vehicle has figured

5733
04:54:36,868 --> 04:54:34,560
out the best way to get to where it

5734
04:54:41,910 --> 04:54:36,878
wants to go and has mapped out the

5735
04:54:46,628 --> 04:54:45,190
is 83 meters per second at about 2.6

5736
04:54:48,628 --> 04:54:46,638
kilometers from

5737
04:54:50,550 --> 04:54:48,638
mars we have confirmation that the back

5738
04:54:51,590 --> 04:54:50,560
shell has separated

5739
04:54:53,670 --> 04:54:51,600
all right

5740
04:54:57,190 --> 04:54:53,680
the diver maneuver current velocity is

5741
04:54:58,948 --> 04:54:57,200
about 75 meters per second and announces

5742
04:55:00,310 --> 04:54:58,958
about a kilometer off the surface of

5743
04:55:01,670 --> 04:55:00,320
mars

5744
04:55:05,190 --> 04:55:01,680
here

5745
04:55:07,110 --> 04:55:05,200
right the backpack that jet pack

5746
04:55:09,350 --> 04:55:07,120
is now operation we've begun power

5747
04:55:12,708 --> 04:55:09,360
descent now 30 meters per second

5748
04:55:15,670 --> 04:55:12,718
altitude of about 300 meters 300 meters

5749
04:55:18,550 --> 04:55:15,680
above the surface next major milestone

5750
04:55:20,390 --> 04:55:18,560
rover will separate from the sky crane

5751
04:55:24,070 --> 04:55:20,400
and begin to lower itself down to the

5752
04:55:25,910 --> 04:55:24,080
surface seconds away from touchdown

5753
04:55:27,750 --> 04:55:25,920
accordion which means we are conducting

5754
04:55:28,868 --> 04:55:27,760
the sky crane

5755
04:55:30,230 --> 04:55:28,878
about to conduct the flight plane

5756
04:55:39,270 --> 04:55:30,240
maneuver

5757
04:55:41,590 --> 04:55:39,280
the vehicle is being lowered down to the

5758
04:55:51,350 --> 04:55:41,600
landing site now about 20 meters off the

5759
04:55:51,360 --> 04:56:11,270
waiting for confirmation for touchdown

5760
04:56:16,390 --> 04:56:13,670
here it is folks confirmation that the

5761
04:56:22,150 --> 04:56:16,400
perseverance rover is now on the surface

5762
04:56:26,550 --> 04:56:24,948
is continuing to transmit

5763
04:56:28,570 --> 04:56:26,560
direct

5764
04:56:30,310 --> 04:56:28,580
through microphonic orbiter to

5765
04:56:32,628 --> 04:56:30,320
[Music]

5766
04:56:34,628 --> 04:56:32,638
congratulations to the team here at the

5767
04:56:36,470 --> 04:56:34,638
jet propulsion laboratory

5768
04:56:38,708 --> 04:56:36,480
to all the men and women of nasa who

5769
04:56:41,270 --> 04:56:38,718
have worked so hard on this project and

5770
04:56:46,230 --> 04:56:41,280
of course our international partners as

5771
04:56:53,750 --> 04:56:49,750
vehicles safely on the surface of

5772
04:56:53,760 --> 04:56:58,310
now the real work will begin

5773
04:56:58,320 --> 04:57:01,750
we're gonna wait for the images

5774
04:57:05,510 --> 04:57:03,430
this is so exciting so folks just so you

5775
04:57:07,750 --> 04:57:05,520
know we're gonna we're gonna stay with

5776
04:57:09,280 --> 04:57:07,760
you until we get the first images back

5777
04:57:13,350 --> 04:57:09,290
from mars

5778
04:57:15,190 --> 04:57:13,360
[Applause]

5779
04:57:22,788 --> 04:57:15,200
this is exciting the rover is on the

5780
04:57:26,230 --> 04:57:25,030
ready to begin all of that great work

5781
04:57:31,990 --> 04:57:26,240
from sample

5782
04:57:35,110 --> 04:57:32,000
surface caching those samples

5783
04:57:38,788 --> 04:57:35,120
we just heard the news that perseverance

5784
04:57:41,350 --> 04:57:38,798
is alive on the surface of mars

5785
04:57:43,910 --> 04:57:41,360
confirmation now that the vehicle is

5786
04:57:47,430 --> 04:57:43,920
functioning on mars again when the first

5787
04:57:49,350 --> 04:57:47,440
task was to do that self diagnostic

5788
04:57:51,190 --> 04:57:49,360
that's been complete

5789
04:57:56,150 --> 04:57:51,200
rover now signaling back to mission

5790
04:58:02,150 --> 04:57:58,310
take a few minutes for the uh for the

5791
04:58:03,830 --> 04:58:02,160
various masks and cameras to deploy

5792
04:58:05,430 --> 04:58:03,840
next major step will be to take it from

5793
04:58:12,470 --> 04:58:05,440
the wrap

5794
04:58:16,708 --> 04:58:14,230
once again folks we want to let you know

5795
04:58:18,788 --> 04:58:16,718
you've been watching live coverage we've

5796
04:58:21,350 --> 04:58:18,798
just heard the news that perseverance is

5797
04:58:23,910 --> 04:58:21,360
alive on the surface of mars

5798
04:58:25,510 --> 04:58:23,920
congratulations to the mission

5799
04:58:26,948 --> 04:58:25,520
and

5800
04:58:30,550 --> 04:58:26,958
looks like we have some more news in it

5801
04:58:33,670 --> 04:58:30,560
looks like we're getting the first image

5802
04:58:35,110 --> 04:58:33,680
here take a look at the first image

5803
04:58:37,270 --> 04:58:35,120
here we go folks some of the first

5804
04:58:39,590 --> 04:58:37,280
images now coming back from the surface

5805
04:58:42,230 --> 04:58:39,600
of mars

5806
04:58:43,350 --> 04:58:42,240
the target point on the map when you are

5807
04:58:54,390 --> 04:58:43,360
ready

5808
04:58:58,720 --> 04:58:56,230
waiting now for some of those first

5809
04:59:12,150 --> 04:58:58,730
images from this new vehicle

5810
04:59:22,390 --> 04:59:13,830
it's like we may have lost our signal

5811
04:59:26,390 --> 04:59:23,990
and it does look like we've lost that

5812
04:59:29,190 --> 04:59:26,400
signal but uh from the engineering

5813
04:59:31,110 --> 04:59:29,200
cameras ah here it is the hazard camera

5814
04:59:33,670 --> 04:59:31,120
uh this camera is mainly used to help

5815
04:59:35,830 --> 04:59:33,680
the rover drive safely around mars and

5816
04:59:38,948 --> 04:59:35,840
we will get higher resolution photos

5817
04:59:41,270 --> 04:59:38,958
later in the day

5818
04:59:43,350 --> 04:59:41,280
there you go that's the first image the

5819
04:59:45,990 --> 04:59:43,360
high resolution images will be coming a

5820
04:59:47,750 --> 04:59:46,000
little bit later on today once again

5821
04:59:50,628 --> 04:59:47,760
congratulations to everybody that was

5822
04:59:53,990 --> 04:59:50,638
involved in this monumental task the

5823
04:59:56,470 --> 04:59:54,000
first step of the of the mission is

5824
04:59:58,070 --> 04:59:56,480
complete that is the completion of the

5825
05:00:00,788 --> 04:59:58,080
journey itself the rover has been

5826
05:00:03,750 --> 05:00:00,798
delivered to mars now the real science

5827
05:00:06,390 --> 05:00:03,760
will begin as a robot readies itself to

5828
05:00:09,190 --> 05:00:06,400
begin traversing the martian landscape

5829
05:00:11,270 --> 05:00:09,200
collecting samples taking measurements

5830
05:00:13,030 --> 05:00:11,280
and sending data

5831
05:00:14,868 --> 05:00:13,040
back to earth on behalf of all of us

5832
05:00:17,670 --> 05:00:14,878
here at the great lakes science center

5833
05:00:19,510 --> 05:00:17,680
and our major sponsor the nasa glenn

5834
05:00:21,590 --> 05:00:19,520
research center here in cleveland we

5835
05:00:24,070 --> 05:00:21,600
want to thank you all for joining us and